Milwaukee MA887 User manual

MA887

Refractometer for SeawaterRefractometer for Seawater

Refractometer for Seawater

MeasurementsMeasurements

Measurements

Milwaukee RefractometerMilwaukee Refractometer

Milwaukee Refractometer

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176

TestEquipmentDepot.com

Instruction Manual MA887 Refractometer for Seawater Measurements

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................. 3

GENERAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................... 5

SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................................................. 6

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION ................................................................................ 6

MEASUREMENT GUIDELINES .............................................................................. 8

CALIBRATION PROCEDURE ............................................................................... 8

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE ........................................................................... 10

CHANGING MEASUREMENT UNIT ................................................................... 11

CHANGING TEMPERATURE UNIT ..................................................................... 12

MAKING A STANDARD SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION .................................... 12

ERROR MESSAGES ........................................................................................... 13

BATTERY REPLACEMENT ................................................................................... 14

WARRANTY ..................................................................................................... 15

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Remove the instrument from the packing materials and examine carefully to

ensure no damage has occurred during shipping. If any damage has

occurred, notify your Dealer.

Each instrument is supplied with:

• 9 V battery

• Instruction manual

Note: Save all packing material until you are sure that the instrument

functions correctly. A defective instrument must be returned in its

original packing.

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

A. BATTERY STATUS ICON (BLINKS WHEN LOW BATTERY CONDITION DETECTED)

B. MEASUREMENT IN PROGRESS TAG

C. SETUP: FACTORY CALIBRATION TAG

D. CAL: CALIBRATION TAG

E. AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION

(BLINKS WHEN TEMPERATURE EXCEEDS 10-40 °C / 50-104 °F RANGE)

F. PRIMARY DISPLAY (DISPLAYS MEASUREMENT AND ERROR MESSAGES)

G. TEMPERATURE UNITS

H. SECONDARY DISPLAY (DISPLAYS TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS; WHEN BLINKING,

TEMPERATURE HAS EXCEEDED OPERATION RANGE: 0-80 °C / 32-176 °F)

I. RANGE INDICATOR

DISPLAYDISPLAY

DISPLAY

Instruction Manual MA887 Refractometer for Seawater Measurements

I. BATTERY COVER

J. BATTERY COMPARTMENT

BOTTOMBOTTOM

BOTTOM

A. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)

B. READ KEY (USER MEASUREMENT)

C. ZERO KEY (USER CALIBRATION)

D. RANGE KEY (USER MEASUREMENT UNIT)

E. ON/OFF

F. STAINLESS STEEL SAMPLE WELL AND PRISM

G. SECONDARY DISPLAY

H. PRIMARY DISPLAY

FRONT PANELFRONT PANEL

FRONT PANEL

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

SIGNIFICANCE OF USE

Thank you for choosing Milwaukee. This instruction manual will provide you the

necessary information for correct use of the meter.

The MA887 is an optical instrument that employs the measurement of the refractive index

to determine the salinity of natural and artificial seawater, ocean water or brackish interme-

diates. The digital refractometer eliminates the uncertainty associated with mechanical

refractometers and is easily portable for ship, shore or home use.

The MA887 refractometer is an optical device that is simple and quick to use. Samples are

measured after a simple user calibration with distilled or deionized water. Within seconds,

the refractive index and temperature are measured and converted into one of three popular

measurement units; Practical Salinity Units (PSU), Salinity in parts per thousand (ppt), or

Specific Gravity (S.G. (20/20)). All conversion algorithms are based upon respected

scientific publications using the physical properties of seawater (not sodium chloride). The

temperature (in °C or °F) is also displayed on the large dual level display along with helpful

message codes.

Key features include:

• Waterproof models offers IP65 waterproof protection

• Automatic Temperature Compensation (ATC)

• Battery operation with Low Power indicator

• Automatically turns off after 3 minutes of non-use.

Instruction Manual MA887 Refractometer for Seawater Measurements

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

Light Source Yellow LED

Measurement Time Approximately 1.5 seconds

Minimum Sample Volume 100 μL (cover prism totally)

Sample Cell Stainless Steel ring and flint glass prism

Temperature Compensation Automatic between 0 and 40 °C (32 to 104 °F)

Case Material ABS

Enclosure Rating IP 65

Battery Type/Life 1 x 9 volt AA batteries / 5000 readings

Auto-Shut off After 3 minutes of non-use

Dimensions 19.2 x 10.2 x 6.7 cm (7.5 x 4 x 2.6")

Weight 420 g (14.8 oz.).

SPECIFICATIONS

USPtpp)02/02(.G.S)F°(C°

:egnaR 05ot0051ot0411.1ot000.1)F°671ot23(C°08ot0

:noituloseR 11 100.0)F°1.0(C°1.0

:ycaruccA 2

±2±200.0±)F°5.0±(C°3.0±

Salinity determinations are made by measuring the refractive index of seawater. Refractive

Index is an optical characteristic of a substance and the number of dissolved particles in

it. Refractive Index is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in empty space to the speed

of light in the substance. A result of this property is that light will “bend”, or change

direction, when it travels through a substance of different refractive index. This is called

refraction.

When passing from a material with a higher to lower refractive index, there is a critical

angle at which an incoming beam of light can no longer refract, but will instead be

reflected off the interface.

The critical angle can be used to easily calculate the refractive index according to the

equation:

sin (θcritical) = n2/ n1

Where n2is the refractive index of the lower-density medium; n1is the refractive index of

the higher-density medium.

In the MA887 refractometer, light from an LED passes through a prism in contact with the

sample. An image sensor determines the critical angle at which the light is no longer

refracted through the sample. Specialized algorithms then apply temperature

compensation to the measurement and convert the refractive index to: PSU (Practical

Salinity Units), ppt (part per thousand) or S.G. (Specific Gravity) (20/20). PSU is defined

as the conductivity ratio of seawater to a standard KCl solution. It is based upon the work

of the UNESCO, ICES, SCOR and IAPSO. This information is published in The Joint

Panel of Oceanographic Tables and Standards. An older salinity scale is ppt (10-3), where

salinity is defined by “the salt content is the weight of the inorganic salts contained in 1

kg of seawater if all bromide and iodide are replaced by an equivalent amount of oxides”

(Knudsen, 1901).

Instruction Manual MA887 Refractometer for Seawater Measurements

CALIBRATION PROCEDURE

MEASUREMENT GUIDELINES

• Handle instrument carefully. Do not drop.

• Do not immerse instrument under water.

• Do not spray water to any part of instrument except the “sample well” located over the

prism.

• The instrument is intended to measure seawater solutions. Do not expose instrument

or prism to solvents that will damage it. This includes most organic solvents and

extremely hot or cold solutions.

• Particulate matter in a sample may scratch the prism. Absorb sample with a soft tissue

and rinse sample well with deionized or distilled water between samples.

• Use plastic pipettes to transfer all solutions. Do not use metallic tools such as needles,

spoons or tweezers as these will scratch the prism.

• Cover sample well with hand if measuring in direct sun.

Calibration should be performed daily, before measurements are made, when the

battery has been replaced, between a long series of measurements, or if environmental

changes have occurred since the last calibration.

1. Press the ON/OFF key, then release. Two instrument test screens will be displayed

briefly; all LCD segments followed by the percentage of remaining battery life. The

meter will then briefly display an indication of the measurement unit set. When the

LCD displays dashes, the instrument is ready.

Specific Gravity (20/20) ia based upon the published relationship between density at

20 °C and the mass of dissolved salts in the seawater sample (CRC Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 87th)Edition).

2. Using a plastic pipette, fill the sample well with distilled or deionized water. Make

sure the prism is completely covered.

Note: If the ZERO sample is subject to intense light such as sunlight or another strong

source, cover the sample well with your hand or other shade during the

calibration.

3. Press the ZERO key. If no error messages appear, your unit is calibrated.

(For a description of ERROR MESSAGES see page 13).

Note: The 0 screen will remain until a sample is measured or the instrument is turned off.

4. Gently absorb the ZERO water standard with a soft tissue. Use care not to scratch

the prism surface. Dry the surface completely. The instrument is ready for sample

measurement.

Note: If instrument is turned off the calibration will not be lost.

1010

Instruction Manual MA887 Refractometer for Seawater Measurements

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE

Verify the instrument has been calibrated before taking measurements.

1. Wipe off prism surface located at the bottom of the sample well. Make sure the prism

and sample well are completely dry.

2. Using a plastic pipette, drip sample onto the prism surface. Fill the well completely.

Note: If the temperature of the sample differs significantly from the temperature of the

instrument, wait approximately 1 minute to allow thermal equilibration.

3. Press the READ key. The results are displayed in unit of interest.

Note: The last measurement value will be displayed until the next sample is measured

or the instrument is turned off. Temperature will be continuously updated.

Note: The “ATC” tag blinks and automatic temperature compensation is disabled if the

temperature exceeds the 0-40 °C / 32-104 °F range.

4. Remove sample from the sample well by absorbing on a soft tissue.

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