Tektronix 475 User manual

COMMITTEDTO EXCElLENCE

PLEASE CHECK FOR CHANGE

INFORMATION

THE REAR

OF THIS MANUAL.

Tektroni

x, Inc.

P.O. Box 500

Beaverton, Oregon 97077

070-2039-00

475

OSC

ILLOSCOPE

AND

DM44

DIGITAL

MULTIMETER

OPERATORS

NST

R U C T IO N M A N U A L

First PrintingJUL 1976

Seria

l N

umber

Revised OCT 1981

Copy

right

s 1976 Tektronix, Inc. All

rights

reserved.

Cont

ents of this

publicatio

n may not be

reproduced in any

rm without the wri

tten

permission of Tektronix, Inc.

Produc

ts of T

ektr

onix, Inc,

and

its sub

sidia

ries

are

cove

red by U.S. and fore

ign

ten

and

pending patents.

EKTR

ONIX,

TEK

, SCO PE·MO BILE. and

are registered tradem arks of Tekt

ron

ix, Inc.

LEO

IPMENT

is a registered

trade

mark of

Tektr

onix U.K.

lim

ited.

ted in U.S.A. Specifi ca

tion

and

price

hange

privileges are reserved.

BLE

CON

ENTS

Page Page

LIST

ILLUS

TRATIONS

BASIC

OSCILLOSCOPE

DISPLAYS "

LIST OF TABLES ,

NORMAL

SWEEP

DISPLAY

MAGNIFI

ED SWEEP

DISPLAY

BEFORE

ERATING

1DELAYED SWEEP DISPLAY 17

INTRODUCTIO

N1MIXED SWEEP DISPLAY

FETY

INFO

RMATION

,X-V

DISPLAY

ERATING

LTAGE

2SI

NGLE

SWEEP

DISPLAY

Line

VOllage

Selection

Regulating Range

serecnco

OM44

DISPLAYS

AND MEASU

REMENTS

OPT

IONS

3RESISTANCE

CONT

ROL

S,CO N

NEC

TORS,AND

VOL

TS 22

DICA

TORS

4TEMPERATURE 24

VER

TICAL

4Accuracy

Check

DIS

PLAY

7TIM E AND l fT lME 27

DM44 7

TRIG GER •A

PPLICATIONS

AND MEASUREMENTS

HQRIZQN TA_,

CALIBRATOR

, AND POWER

REAR PA

NEL

14 PRELIMINARY 2.

LEFT SIDE PANEL 14

SIgnal

Ground

RIGH

SID

E PANEL 14

Input

Coupling

Capacito

r Pr

echa

rg ing 2.

REV A

JAN

1981 475/DM44 Operalors

TABLE

CONTENTS

(cont)

APPLICATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS (coni) Page APPLI

CATIONS

AND MEASUREMENTS (cont) Page

OPERATOR'S ADJUSTMENTS AND CHECKS

PHASE Di

ffEREN

CE MEASUREMENTS 42

Trace Rotation 2. HIGH RESOL

UTIO

N PHASE DIFFERENCE

Probe Compensation

MEASUREMENTS 43

Vertical Gain Check 3. PULSE JITTER MEASUREMENTS 44

Basic 475 Timing

Chec

DELAYED OR MIXED SWEEP

DM44 Timing Check

MAGNIF ICATION 45

Extemat Honzontat Gain Check 31 Magn ified Sweep Starts A

er Delay 45

PEAK-TO-PEAK VOLTAGE Triggered Delay Sweep Magnification

MEASUREMENTS- AC 31

INSTANTANEOUS VOLTAGE

MEASUREMENTS

-D

C32 Baslc 475 Delayed or Mb ed Sweep TIme

ALGEBRAIC ADDITION 34 Measurements

COMMON MOD E REJECTION 35 TIME Dif FERENCE BETWEEN REPETITIVE

AMPLITUDE COMPARISON PULSES (BASIC 475) 4.

MEASUREMENTS 36 TIME DURATION MEASUREMENTS

TIME-DURATION MEASUREMENTS 37 (BASIC 475) 4'

FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS 38 FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS (B

.&.S

IC 475) 50

RISETIME MEASUREMENTS

TIME Dif FERENCE BETWEEN TWO PULSES

TIME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES IBASIC 475) 5'

PULSES FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES 4. RISETIME (BASIC 475) 52

TIME COMPARISON MEASUREMENTS41 MIX (BASIC 475) 53

"475/DM44 Operators REVA JAN 1981

TABLE

CONTENTS

(cont)

OM44 Delayed or Mi xed Swe

Time Page OPER

ATO

R'S SPECIFICATIONS (c

oni)

Page

Mea

sure

ment

s54

TIME OIFFEFIENCE BETWEEN REPETITIVEZ AXIS I

NPU

T65

PULSES (DM44) 56

OUT

PUTS 65

DU RAT

ION

ASURE

MEN

TS (DM 44) 57 AC POWER SOURCE 65

FREQUENCY MEASUREME

NTS

(DM44) 58

ENVIRO

NME NT AL 65

TIME DIFFE

ENCE BETWEE N TWO PULSES OM44 DIG

ITAL

MUL

METER 66

FROM

DIFFERENT

SOURCES

(DM44) 58 RES

ISTANCE

RISET IM E (DM44) 60

TIME

MIX

(DM 44) 61 l /T IME 66

TEMPERATURE 66

OPERATOR'S SPECIFI

CATI

ONS 62

VOLTAGE

475

OSCILLOSCOPE

VER

TICAL

62 ACCESSORIES68

RIGGERING

DIF

FERENT

IAL

TIME MEASUREMENT

ANDARO ACCESSORIES 68

(BAStC

475) 63 OPT IONA L ACCESSORIES 68

DIFFERE

NTIAL

TIME

MEASUREMENT

iD M44) 64

OPTIONS

HORIZONTA

L64

OPTION

16'

x-v 64 OPTION 4

CALI

RAT

OR 64

OPTION

769

REV A JAN 1961 475

/DM44

erst

siii

LIST

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page Page

Fig 1.

Regulating

range

selec

and

line Fig . 17. Com m

-m

ode

reject ion. 36

fuse. 3Fig. 18 Time d

urat

ion. 38

Fig 2. Vertica l con

trol

s. connect ors,

00'

Fig , "Risetime.

motcatcrs. 4Fig , 20. Time di

fference

betw

een two pu lses

Fig. 3.

Disp

lay and DM44

con

tro ls, from d

iffer

urces, 40

con

ecto

rs, and in

dic

tor

s6Fig, 21 . Phase difference. 43

Fig. 4. Tr

igge

r co

ols

conn

ecto rs, and Fig 22 High

-re

solution phase di

ffer

enc

e. 43

otca

tors. 8Fig 23 Pulse jitter. 44

Fig. 5. T

ger

con

rols

connec

rs. and Fig 24

Delay

ed s

weep

magnification. 46

dica

tors, 10 Fig 25 T ime di ffe

renc

e between repetitiv e

Fig 6Hor izo

nta

l, c

alibr

ato

and

wer

pulses

co r arors. con

necto

rs,

and

dic

ato rs. 12 Fig. 26 Time

dur

tion

.50

Fig 7. Rear panel and l

eft

sid

e panel

con

trols,

Fig 27 . Time difference bet

ween

tw o pu

lses

co nnectors, and in

dic

ato rs. 15

from

di ffe

rent

sources

.51

.8. Resistance 21 Fig . 28 Risenm e. 53

Fig •• Volts. 23 Fig

Time

di ffer

ence

tween

repe

tit

ive

Fig 10. Te

era

ture

pulses.

Fig 11. Pr

ecor-ipensatton

Fig . 30 Time

tion

and

fre

quency

Fig 12. Basic 475

timing

check

.30 measu re

ments

,57

Fig

DM44 timing

check

.31 Fig. 31

Tim

e di f

ference

between

two

pulses

Fig 14. Peak-to-peak

voltage

of a

wave

form

,32 from

diff

erent

sou

rces,

Fig 15. Insta

aneous

voltage

measuremen

ts. 33 Fig . 32 Rtsetime.60

Fig 16. Algebraic addition. 35

475

/DM44

Operator

LIST

TABLES

age

Page

TABLE

Regulating

Ranges

TABLE 2Resistance Ranges

TABLE

Valls

flanges

TABLE

Centigrade

Fahrenheit

Conve

rsion

TABLE

OM44

Delayed

Sweep

Displays

@47S

/DM44

Operators ,

1039·15

20J!H2

475/DM44

ralo

BEFORE

OPERATING

INTRO

CTI

The

Tek

tro

nix

475

Oscilloscope

is a dual-ch annel

rtable

Instrurr

en t. The

dual-channel

oc-

to-zan

MHz

vertical

system

provides

calib

rated

flect

ion

factor s

from

millivol

5 vorts rofvrsron. Th e s

weep

trigger

rcui

are capable of s

table

triggering

over

the

full

ban

dwidth

capabil

ities 01the vertical deflec

tion

sys

tem

.The

horizo

tal deflection system provides calibrated sweep ratesfrom

0.5

second

to J.01 m

icro

second

/divis

ion a

long

wit

delayed

sweep

feat ures for

accu

rate relative

-l

ime

measureme

nts. A Xl 0 m

agnifier

exten ds the

calib

rated

sweep rate to 1nanosecond/division. The instrument

operates

over

a wide varia tion of

line

vo l

tages

and

reque

ncies

. Ma

xim

power

consumption

is a

bou

100

watts

The

ktronix

Digi

tal Mufnmeter measures 0

ohm

20 rneqobrns.0oc

volt

to 1200 dc

volts

(

~or

I,or

(using th e te

erature p

rob

e) - 55

°C

to f150° C The

measurem

ent

display

a 3-112

digi

tal display

whil

the

oscilloscope

operates

normally.

The

digital

mu tnrneter

and

oscilloscope

comb

ine to

prov

ide

dig

ital

readout of the

time

bet

ween

any

two

points

the

oscilloscope

dis

play

Both

time

measure-

ment

ints

are d

isplayed

on the

crt

at the same

time

The

/TIM

function

can p

rovide

direct

mea

surement

frequency.

SAFETY INFORMATION

The

ins trume nt is

designed

oper

ate from a

single-

phase

pow

source

with

one

ot the cu rren t-car

rying

conducto

rs (the Ne

ral

Conduc

tcr) at grou nd (earth)

pote

ntial.

Ope

tion

from

pow

sourc

es where

both

cur

ent-ca

rying

conduct

ors are live

with

res

pect

ground

(such as

phase-to-

phase

thre

e-wire

stem)

is not r

ecommended

since

only

Ihe

line

Conduc

tor has

over-curren

t (fuse)

protec

tion

thh

the

instrument

The ins

trument

has a mree-wue

we r

cord

wit

m roo

-te

rmtne!

polarized

plug

connec

ion

the

wer

source

and

safety-earth. The

ground

art

h) terminal of

the

plug

dire

ctly

connec

ted to

the

Inst

rum

ent frame For

erectrtc-sbock

pro

tec

tion

,lnsert thfs

plug

only

in a

mat

ing

out

let

wit

hasafe

ly-earth

contact.

475/DM

Operat

ors 1

OPERAT

ING

VOL

TAGE

Ii'"

or...-

...

...-

...... ...

C A U

\ ..

'1'

r ... ' ... ' ",-'

This ins

trum

enl may be

damaged

if operated

with

me lin e vol lage selec

tor

SWi

tch

the reg u

latin

range selector set

'or

Ihe wrong appl

ied

lin

e v

oltage

or if tne wrong line fuse is used.

lin

e Voltage Selection

This

instrument

operates

from

either

a 115-v

ott

or a

-vort

nominal line

voltage

sou

rce . 48 to 440

hertz

. To

convert

from

one

nominal

line

voltage

range

the

other

ove

the

line

Voltage

Select

switch

(loca

ted on side

pane

l) to indicate the correct nom inal vo lt

age

. A 115

-to

230 vo lt

adapte

r may be

requ

ired

tortne

nne

-cere

plug.

sure

to use

the

correct

line fuse

for

the

line voltage

selected

(see Table 1).

ulating

Ran

ge Selection

The

Regu

lating

Range

Selector

assembly

(located on

the rear

panel

) is set for one

the

line

voltag

e ranges

shown in

Table

Italso

conta

ins

the

line

fuse

tor

overtoao

prote

ction

ch ange

the

reg ulating

range

t . Disco

nne

ct the instrument from the p

ower

ce.

2. Lo

ose

n the two ca ptive sc

rews

that

ho ld

the

cover

the

selecto r assembly:

the

ll to remove the cover.

3. P

ull

out the ra

nge

select or switch

bar

(see Fig 1)

Select a

range

from

Table

1 wh ich is centered ab o

the

aver

age

line

voltage

Slide

the

bar

to the des

ired

position

and plug it in.

Push

the cover on

and

tighte

the

screws

TABLE 1

Regulating Ranges

Regulatin g Range

Range Selector

tts

-vcns 230

-Vo

Swllch

Positi

Nom

nal

inal

LO (Switch

bar

lower

holes

) 99 to 121 v

olts

198 to 242

volts

(Switch

bar in

idd

le ho les) 104 to 126 vo lts 207 10 253 v

olts

(Switch

bar in

uppe

r ho

les)

108 to 132

volts

216 to 264

volts

Fuse

Size

1.5 A 3AG 0.75 A

3AG

Fas

t-b

low

Fast-blow

75/D

M44

Ope

rators

OPTIONS

Options

are

available

to a

lter

osci

lloscope

performan

meet

parti

lar

applications.

number

in either

MOD

slot

(see

Item

53. C

ontro

ls, Connecto rs, and Ind ic

ato

rs)

indicates

mod

ified

osci

llo

scope.

LINE F USE

Fig. 1. Regulaling range selector and line Iuee.

475/DM44 Opera

tors

CONTROLS

CONNECTORS

AND

INDICATORS

0 0 0 0 0 1

dJR

( 6

'I I

(;' o0B8

:'-

2 Y

•J:

[

@@ O O

2oj9-3

Fig. 2. VertIcal conlrols. connectors, and IndIcators.

VERTICAL

1. CH 1 and CH 2 VOLTS

/DIV

- Selecl s the

verti

cal

flection

facto

r in a 1-2-5

sequence

(VAA

control

must

the

ca l

ibrated

detent

for

the

indi

cated

defle

ction

factor).

2. VOLTS/

OIV

Readou t- Consists of two small

lamps

for each ch a

nnel

located

beneath the skirt of

each

VOL

knob

. One

the

othe

lamp

will

light up to

indicate

the

correct

deflection

factor

when

probe

with a

scale-switch

ing

connector

is used. A probe

without

this

connector

tights

the

xt lamp.

3. VAR- Provides

contin

usly

var

iable u

nceueratec

deflec

tion

fact ors

between

the

ca l

ibrated

sett

ings

the

VOL

TS/DIV

switch

and

extends

the maxtrnurn

vertical

flection

to at least 12.5 v

olts

per d

ivision

(5 vol t

pos

ition)

CAL

- Ind ic ates

110

hen

the

VAA

VOL

/DIV

control is

out

ottne

calibrat

detent

and

the

vertical

deflec

tion

factor is

uncatib

rated .

4475

/DM44

Ope

tors

POSITION

- POSitions

the

disp

lay ver

tically,

the

X-V

mode.

the CH 1

POSITION

con

trol

pos

tions

on the X

xis

(ho

rizon

tal'y]

and

the

CH 2

POSITION

control

positions

the

v-aos

(ve

rtically).

6. CH 1 OR X and CH 2 OR V- Inp

connectors

for

applica

tion

exte

rnal

signals

the

inputs

the

vertical

ampli

fier, In the X-V

mode

operation,

the

signal

connected

to t

heCH

1OR X

connector

provides

horizon-

tal

flec

tion

and the

signal

connected

the

CH 2 OR Y

connector

provtces

vertical

deflection

-GND

-OC - Selects the

method

used to

couple

signal

to the

inpu

t of

the

ver

tical

amplifier,

In the AC

position,

sig

nals

are

capacitively

coupled

the

ver

tical

ampli

fier,

The

cornpcnen

t of

the

inpu

signal

blocked

the

GND position, the Input of

'he

vertical

plifier

disconnec

ted f

rom

the

input

connector

and

grounded

allow

the

inp

coupling

capaci

tor

to precnaeqe. In the DC

posi

tion

, all

components

the

input

signa

l are passed to

the

input

ampli

fier.

8, VERT

MODE

- Selects

mode

of ope ra

tion

for

ver-

tic al am

pli

fier system

CH 1

Chan

nell

only

displayed.

ALT:

Provides

dual-t

race

displ

ay of tne

siq

nats

both

annels

Dis

play

isSWitched b

etwe

en ch

annels

the

end

each

sweep

Useful

at s

weep

rates faster than

about

microseconds/divisi

on .

ADD

Signals

applied

to the CH 1 and CH 2

input

connectors

are

alge

braically

added.

and

the

atqeb

rarc

sum

displayed

on the

The

INVE

=1T

swi

tch in

Channel

allows

the

display

to be CH 1

plus

CH 2 or CH 1

minus

CH 2.

Usefu

l for

common-mode

rejec

tion

to remove an

undesired

Signal or for

offse t.

CHOP:

Provides

dual-

trace

dis

play

the

ignals

both

channels

Disp

lay is SWitched

betw

een

channels

at a

repetition

rate

appro

ximatel

y 250 kHZ.

Useful

at s

weep

rates

slower

than

abou

t 50

microseconds

/division.

when

dual-trace,

single-sweep

display

is required

CH 2: Ch

annel

only

displaye

d It mu st be

selected

In X-V

operation

9. 100 OR 20

MHz

/TRIG

VIEW

- Three-purpose

SWi

tch

tha

t l

imits

the

band

width of the v

ert

ical

mpl

ifier

system

app

xima

tely 100

z (first detent) o

r20

(second

deten

t) when

pulle

d. or when

pressed.

caus

es the

ignal

applied

to A Trigger Generator to be d

isplayed

the

crt.

10, INVERT- Channel 2

dlspl

a)' is i

nvert

ed in the

INVERT (bu tton In)

position

18 19

ON SIDE

PAN EL

475/DM44 Ope

rato

•

-uo

:@~

Du• @

• 0

Bii

••

Fig. 3. Disp lay

and

DM44 co ntrols, con

nec

tors , and indlcal on .

475

/DM

44 Oper

ato

rs @

DISPLAY

11. Inlern al Gr

aticul

e-cE

timin

ates

parallax.

atsetr-ne.

amp

litude

and

n-eesuremeot

points

are

indicated

at the

ft-hand

qra

ticule

edge

12.

BEAM

NDER

s s

the

display

to wi

thin

the

gra

ticule

area

independently

display

position

applied

ignals

and p

rovides

visible

viewing

level.

13.

INTEN

SITY- Controls b

righ

tness of the

crt

dis-

play

14. FO CU S - Adjusts

for

optimum

display

fini

tion

15. SC

ILL

UM - Controls

gralicule

illumination

16. ASTIG- Used in

conjunction

with

the FOCUS

contro

lto

obtain

well-defined

display

. II

coes

oot

require

read

jus

tmen

t in

normal

use .

17. TRACE RO

TION - Adjusts

trace

align

with

the

rizontal

raticule

lines

DM44

18. Input Connectors- Two

banana

jac

provide

(red) and

COM

(otack]

inputs

for

voltage

and resis

tance

only

19. Probe

nnec

tor

- Input

connector

the

temper

atur

probe

20. Rea dout - Negat ive

rity

indication

automatic

for

negativedcvoltage

anc

temperatu

with

lari ty

indication

for

posi

tive

measurem

ent. A

blin

king

display

indica

tes

overrang

The

decimal

point

pos

ion-

ed by the FUN CTI

and

RAN GE controls tor

mutttme

ter

operat

ion

and

the

oscilloscope

TIM

IV swi

tch

the TI ME or l

/TI

modes

21.

RAN

GE - Selects trom .2 V to 1,2 kV dc in 5

ranges

(1200

volts

is the ma

ximum

sale

Input

the

1,2 kV de

mode)

: trom 200

ohms

to 20 rneqoh-ns in 6ranges.

22. FU

TIO N- Selects

VOLTS,

MS, TEMP (QC).

l/TIME

.or

TIME

functions

the

DM44

23.

Scale

Factor Lamps- Two lamps.

the

TIME

function, the

Readout

and

Sca le Fac

tor

Lamps

indicate

the

lime

difference be

tween

the two

intens

ified

zones

the

crt

display

, One lamp or

the

other

will light 10

indicate

ms or ps , No

lamp

lit

indicates

seconds

In the l

/TIME

function

the Re

adout

and

Sca le

Factor

Lamps

indicate

the

number

ot m

easured

intervals

per

un it

time

One

larnpor tne o

ther

will

light

indicate

ntervals

per

(Vms

lamp)

or I

ervals

pel

ips

lamp

). No

0 0 29

475

/DM44

perators

tit in

dic

ates

intervals

per

second,

the

ration

one

eve nt is

being

measured.

the

Readou

and

Scale

Fac

tor

Lamps

indicate

frequency,

The

1/ms

amp

in-

dicates

kHz .

the

l /lJs lamp

indicates

MHz,

and

lamp

lit

indica

tes Hz.

24.

lJ.

TIME

- Used in

con

junction

with

the

DELAY

TIME

POSITION

COn

tro

l in

the

TIME

and

l /TI

tun

ttons. The

lJ.

TIME

con

trol

mov

only

the

time-

asu

rement

point.

The

DELAY

TI ME

POSITIO

con

trol

mov

es both

the

reference point and

the

ime

measu

remen

point

With the

time-m

easurement

int

the

lell

the

ferenc

point

the Re

adout

indicates

egative

time

dil1erence

NOTE

You can

modi

your

ins

trumenf

make

the DELA Y

TIME

POSITION

control

only

Ihe

reference

point.

The

procedure

for

making

tllis

modification

located

in Ihe

Maintenance

section

the

DM44

Service

manual,

TRIGGER

25. TR IG MODE - Determines the

mode

trigger

operation

tor A

Swe

2039-5

Fig. 4. Trl9ger controls, conn ectors,

and

indicators.

AUTO.

Sweep

initiated

by the

app

lied

rigge

signal.

In the absence of an

adequ

ate trigger sig nal , or if the

trig

ger rep

etitio

n rate is l

ess

than

about

hertz

, the

weep

free

runs

and

provides

a brig

reference t

race

B475

/DM44

erato

ORM

: Sweep is ini tiated by the appl ied tr

igger

signal.

the

absence of an adequ ate tr

igger

signal, there is no

trace. When

the

igger

rate is too row lor A

UTO

use

NORM

SINGL

SWP:

When

this p

ush

butt

on is

pushed

. the A

Sweep

operates

in the

single

sweep

ode

. After a

single

sweep

is dtsptavec. further

sweeps

annot

presented

until

the

SINGLE

SWP

butt

on is aga in

pushed

II is

usef

hen

the

signa

l to be

dis

played

not

repetitive or varies in

amp

litude

shape

time

causing

an uns

table

conve

tional

display

. It can also be

used

pho

tog raph a

nonrepennve

signal.

26.

READ

Lamp

- Indicates A Sweep is " arme

and ,

upon

receip

t of an adequate t

rigger

signa

l, will

present

single

-sweep

disp

lay ,

21. TR IG

Lamp

- Indicates

that

Sweep

triggered

and will

produce

stable

isplay.

It is

usefu

for

selling

the tr

igg

er circ uits

when

a trigger s

ignal

is avai lable

without

a display on

the

crt (for

example

whe

n using

ternal

triggerS'I.

28. A

TRIG

D OFF

continuous

con

trol

of time

between

eeps

Allows

iggering

aper

odic

signals (such as

complex

dig

ital wo

rds

}. In th e

fully

clockwise

pos

tncn

ENDS

A),A

sweep

is rese t at

the

end

0 18

sweep

prov

ide

the

fastest

ooss.ote

eweeo

repeutton

rate for delayed-swe ep

pre

ntat

ions and l

ow-repet

iti

rate signals, Use the A trigg er

cont

rols

the best

poss ible display befor e using the A

TRIG

LDOF

contr

ol.

29. CO U

PLING

- Determines

meth

od used to

coup

signals

to the

trigger

generator

circuit

AC :

Sign

als are capaci tivety coupfed to

the

inp

ut of

the

trigger

generator

. Dc is rejected and s

igna

ls below

abo

60 Hz are

attenu

ated

LF HEJ : S

ignals

are

capacttively

coupled

the input

the

trigge

circ

uit.

Dc is re

jected

and

signals

below

abo

ut 50 kH Z are

attenuated

.It is useful

for

providing

stab

le d

isplay

0 1 the h

igh

-freq

uency

components

comple

waveform

HF REJ :

Signals

are

cececmverv

coupled

the

inpu

01 the

trigger

circ

uil.

Dc is rejected and

signals

below

about

60 Hz and

above

about

50 kHz are

attenua

ted . It is

usetut

for

rovidi

ng a

stable

display

01 the

low-frequency

components

comple

waveform

DC : All

componen

ts of a trigger

signal

are co up led to

the in

put

of the

trigger

circuit.

It is useful for pr

oviding

stabl

e d

isplay

of l

-f

requency

low

-repeti

ion

rate

signa

ls.

except

the

combination

of the ALT

(dual

trace

)

de w

ith

the trigger

SOURCE

swi

tch in NORM.

415/D M44 Opera

tors

30. SLOPE- Selects

the

slope

of the

trigge

r s

ign

that

starts

the

sweep

~@

1:1

BB=

O O O

c=-

fi g. 5. TrIgger

nlrols. connec tors , and tndrce tore.

Sweep

can be

triggere

from

the pos i

tive-g

oing

portion

of a trigger signal.

Sweep c

be triggered from the

negati

ve-going

porti

on of a

trigger

sig

nal

rrect

SLOPE

tting

importan

t in Ob

taining

disp

lay

when

only a

por

tion of a

cycle

is bei ng

disp

layed

31.

LEVEL

- Selects the

amplitude

poinl

on the trigger

ignal

at wh ich the sw

eep

is triggered. It is

usually

adjusted

for the

desired

ispla

after

trigger

SOURCE,

COUPLI

and SLOPE have been sele

cted

10 415

/DM4

Oper

ators @

32.

SOUR

CE- Determines

the

source

the t

rigger

signa

coup

led to the

inpu

t of

the

trigger ci

rcuit

NORM : Trigger

source

displa

yed

signal(s).

does

not

indica

time

relationship

between CH 1 and CH 2

signa

ls. However, stable

triggering

non-time-relate

signals

usually

can be

obta

ined by s

ell

ing

VERT

MODE

AL T,

SOURC

E to NORM and

COU

PLI

LF REJ.

Carefull

y adjust LEVEL for a

stable

display

EXT:

Sign

als

connec

ted to the EKt

ern

al Tri

gge

Input

connec

tors are used for

trigge

ring

. External si

gnals

must

time-related

to the d

isplaye

signal

for a s

tab

led

isplay .

It is useful wh en the

intern

signal

istoo small or

con

tains

desired

ignals

that

could

cause unst ab le triggering It

use

ful

whe n opera

ting

in C

mode

EXT -7- 10 (A

Trigge

circuit

only)

Ext

ernal

trigge

signal

is atte

nua

ted by a factor of 10

CH 1: A

samp

le of the

signal

ava

ilable

Cha

nnel l is

used

as a

trigger

signal. CH 2

signal

unstab

le if it is

not

time-related.

CH 2: A

sample

of the

signal

available

in C

hannel

2 is

used

as a trigger

sign

al CH 1

signal

unstable

if it is

not

time-rela

ted.

STARTS AFTER DELAY (8

ger

rcui

onl

y): 8

weep

runs

immediately

after the delay

me selected by

the

LAY·

TIME POSITION

con

trol. When

making

diff

erential

time

measurements

you

must

use

this

mode

ob tain

valid

measurements

. On instruments e

qui

pped

with

a DM44

you

must

use

this

mode

to ob

tain

valid

measu

rements

when

using

the

TIME or 1/T IME

tuncuons.

LINE (A T

rigger

circuit

only}

: A

sample

the

power-

line

frequency

is used as a

trigger

signal.

It is

useful

when

the

input

signal

istime-related

(mu

ltipleo

submul

tiple}

the

line

frequency or when it is desirable to p

rovide

stable

display

ot a li

ne-frequency

com

nent

in a

comple

wavefo

rm. 33.

Ede

maI Trigger I

npu

ts- Input

connectors

for

ex-

ternal trigger

signals

@475/DM44

erators 11

Fig. 6. Horizontal. c, lIb.

or , a nd power cn ntrota, co nnectors.

' nd in

dic,

lo.s .

HORIZONTAL

CALIBRATOR

AND

POWER

34a. A AND B TI ME/

DIV

AND DE

LAY

TIME- A

TIME

/DIV

switch

(clear

plastic

skirt)

selects the

sweep

rate of

the

Sweep

circuit

for

sweeocmvcce

rauon

and

selects the

basic

delay

time

(to be used

the

DEL

AY-

TIME POS

ITION

control

)

for

delayed

sweep

opera

tion

T1MEl DIV

swttcn

(

pull

out

and e

ota

tock

}sel

ects

the

sweep

rate

lor

the

Sweep

circuit

for

delayed

sweep

operation

only.

A VAR

control

must

be in the

calibrated

detent

for

calib

rated A

Sweep

rates. When

both

TIME

/DIV

swi

tches

are

fully

counterclockwise

the

X-Y

position

the

horizontal

(X-axis)

display

is the CH 1

input.

35. FINE/P OS

ION - Positions

the

display

horizontal-

for

sweep

and

Sweep

34b.

DM44

AND

B T

IME

/D IV

AND

ELA

TIM

E-

The

con

trols

operate

the

same

manner

as 37a above.

The A TIME/DIV

switc

also

contro

the

TIME

lamps

and

dec

imal

int

locat

ion

when

the DM44 is in

the

TIM

or 1

/TIME

MODE

36.

Xl0

MAG- Increases

displayed

weep

rate by a

fac

tor

of 10. It

extends

fastest

sweep

rate to 1

nanosecond

/division,

The

magni

fied s

weep

is the

center

division

the

nmagnified

displ

ay (0.5 division either

side

the

center

aticule

line}.

0 0

-;;0

38 @

•

0IiQ

0@@

12 475/DM44

erat

ors @

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