STMicroelectronics STEVAL-IHT005V2 User manual

October 2013 DocID024503 Rev 1 1/27

UM1631

User manual

STEVAL-IHT005V2 - 3.3 V control of ACS®/Triac with STM32™

Introduction

The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board is designed for the home appliance market,

with a focus on the demonstration of a robust solution with a 3.3 V supplied 32-bit MCU.

Targeted applications are mid-end and high-end washing machines, dishwashers and

dryers with different kinds of ACS®/Triacs.

The demonstration board is based on the recently introduced 48-pin, 32-bit

STM32F100C4T6B MCU running at 24 MHz (RC user-trimmable internal RC clock),

featuring 16 kBytes of Flash memory, 12-bit A/D converter, 5 timers, communication

interfaces, and 4 kBytes of SRAM.

The power supply circuitry is based on the VIPer®16L, an offline converter with an 800 V

avalanche rugged power section, operating at 60 kHz. The power supply provides negative

6 V in buck-boost topology.

The STEVAL-IHT005V2 can control 2 high power loads up to 2830 W thanks to the T1635H,

a 16 A, 600 V high temperature Triac and up to 2050 W thanks to the ACST1635-8FP

a 16 A, 800 V high temperature overvoltage protected ACST device. The high power load

control is based on phase angle control. In order to limit the inrush current and possible

current peaks, the demonstration board features a soft-start routine and a smooth power

change function for the high power loads.

The STEVAL-IHT005V2 can also control 4 low power loads up to 100 W thanks to

3 ACS108-8S, 0.8 A, 800 V overvoltage protected ACS devices and a Z0109, 1 A standard

4 quadrant 600 V Triac.

The demonstration board passed the precompliance tests for EMC directives

IEC 61000-4-4 (burst up to 8 kV) and IEC 61000-4-5 (surge up to 2 kV).

When put in standby mode, the STEVAL-IHT005V2 has an overall standby power

consumption below 500 mW at 264 V/50 Hz.

Figure 1. STEVAL-IHT005V2

www.st.com

Contents UM1631

2/27 DocID024503 Rev 1

Contents

1 Board features and objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.1 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.2 Board features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3 Targeted applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.4 Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 Safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.1 Intended use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.3 Electrical connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.4 Board operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3 Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3.1 Connection diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3.2 How to operate the STEVAL-IHT005V2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3.3 MCU programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.4 Load and gate control fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4.1 Phase angle control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4.2 Full wave control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5 Power supply consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

5.1 Max. output current and standby consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

5.2 Gate voltage impact on gate current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

5.3 Pulsed gate control and average gate current consumption . . . . . . . . . . 13

6 Board immunity performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

6.1 Hardware and software features to increase immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Software features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

6.2 Surge tests results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

DocID024503 Rev 1 3/27

UM1631 Contents

6.3 Burst tests results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

6.3.1 Test procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

6.3.2 Test results of the board without hardware modifications . . . . . . . . . . . 15

6.3.3 Input filter influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

6.3.4 Noise suppressor influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

6.3.5 Gate filtering circuit influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

6.3.6 Immunity to relay switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Appendix A STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

A.1 Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

A.2 Demonstration board layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

A.3 Test point lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

A.4 Gate resistor calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Gate resistor calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Assumptions for calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

A.5 Bill of material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Board features and objectives UM1631

4/27 DocID024503 Rev 1

1 Board features and objectives

1.1 Objectives

The board is designed for promotion of a complete solution for home appliance applications

based on STMicroelectronics™ components. Special emphasis is placed on demonstration

of the robust full 3.3 V solution. Robustness is demonstrated on 4 kV level in class A during

IEC-61000-4-4 (burst) test.

This board also allows designers to check AC switches control feasibility with a 3.3 V supply.

Gate currents can be measured and compared to the information given in AN2986.

Promoted parts are

STM32F100C4T6B - value line 32-bit MCU

T1635H-6T - 16 A 600 V 35 mA high temperature Snubberless™ Triac in TO-220

package

ACST1635-8FP - 16 A 800 V high temperature overvoltage protected AC switch in

TO-220 FPAB package

ACS108-8SA - 0.8 A 800 V 10 mA overvoltage protected ACS device in TO-92

package

Z0109MA - 1 A standard 10 mA 4Q Triac in TO-92 package

VIPer16L - an offline converter with 800 V avalanche rugged power section operating

at 60 kHz.

The ACS108 and Z0109 are controlled in ON/OFF mode with the buttons. These devices

control small loads like valves, pumps, and door locks.

The T1635H and ACST16 are controlled in phase control mode with potentiometers. These

devices control high power loads like drum motors or heating resistors.

DocID024503 Rev 1 5/27

UM1631 Board features and objectives

1.2 Board features

The board key features and performances are

Complete solution for -3.3 V control

Input voltage range: 90-265 VAC 50/60 Hz

Negative 6 V/3.3 V VDC auxiliary power supply based on the VIPer16L in buck-boost

topology

Total power consumption in standby mode is lower than 0.5 W for 264 V/50 Hz

48-pin, 32-bit value line family STM32F100C4T6B MCU as main controller

Zero voltage switching (ZVS) interrupt to synchronize MCU events with voltage mains

1x T1635H-6T and 1 x ACST1635-8FP for phase control of high power loads

5 discrete power level states with soft change for phase angle controlled devices

1x Z0109 and 3x ACS108 for full wave control of low power loads

1x relay for demonstration of the board noise robustness

“Red” LED to show that the board is supplied from mains

“Green” LED for each ACS/ACST/Triac to show that the device is turned ON

JTAG programming connector

External wire loop for gate current measurement

I2C bus hardware/software ready

18 test pins

IEC 61000-4-4 precompliance test passed (burst up to 8 kV)

IEC 61000-4-5 precompliance test passed (surge up to 2 kV)

RoHS compliant

1.3 Targeted applications

Targeted applications are mid-end and high-end washing machines, dishwashers, dryers,

and coffee machines.

Optionally, this board targets any home-appliance application where the STM32 MCU

controls any type of Triac/ACST/ACS.

1.4 Operating conditions

The board operates in nominal line voltage 110 V/230 V in both 50/60 Hz power nets.

Line voltage: 90-264 V 50/60 Hz

Operating ambient temperature 0 °C to 60 °C

Nominal loads power (for 230 V voltage)

– ACST1635-8FP - 2050 W

– T1635H-6T - 2830 W

– Z0109MA - 96 W

– ACS108-8SA - 105 W

Safety instructions UM1631

6/27 DocID024503 Rev 1

2 Safety instructions

Warning: The high voltage levels used to operate the STEVAL-IHT005V2

board could present a serious electrical shock hazard. This

demonstration board must be used in a suitable laboratory by

qualified personnel only, familiar with the installation, use,

and maintenance of power electrical systems.

2.1 Intended use

The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board is a component designed for demonstration

purposes only, and not to be used either for domestic installation or for industrial installation.

The technical data as well as the information concerning the power supply and working

conditions should be taken from the documentation included in the kit and strictly observed.

2.2 Installation

Installation instructions for the STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board must be taken from

the present user manual and strictly observed. The components must be protected against

excessive strain. In particular, no components are to be bent, or isolating distances altered

during transportation, handling or use. No contact must be made with electronic

components and contacts. The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board contains

electrostatically sensitive components that are prone to damage through improper use.

Electrical components must not be mechanically damaged or destroyed (to avoid potential

risks and health injury).

2.3 Electrical connection

Applicable national accident prevention rules must be followed when working on the mains

power supply. The electrical installation must be completed in accordance with the

appropriate requirements (e.g. cross-sectional areas of conductors, fusing, PE

connections). In particular, the programming device must be disconnected from the board

JTAG connector when the board is plugged into the mains.

2.4 Board operation

A system architecture which supplies power to the demonstration board must be equipped

with additional control and protective devices in accordance with the applicable safety

requirements (e.g. compliance with technical equipment and accident prevention rules).

Note: Do not touch the board after disconnection from the mains power supply, as several parts

and power terminals which contain possibly energized capacitors need to be allowed to

discharge completely.

DocID024503 Rev 1 7/27

UM1631 Getting started

3 Getting started

3.1 Connection diagram

Figure 2 shows an image of the board with proper connection of each application.

Figure 2. Board connector

Note: Connect loads and voltage probes before applying line voltage.

3.2 How to operate the STEVAL-IHT005V2

Line voltage must be connected in position as described in Figure 2. The demonstration

board can be operated with or without the load. Even if no load is connected to the

demonstration board, all signals are present and can be displayed on the oscilloscope.

Red LED D6 signals the board is properly supplied from the mains. It also signals that high

voltage is present on the demonstration board.

It is recommended, although not required, to turn both potentiometers to the OFF position

before powering the demonstration board. The board is ready to operate after passing all

initialization routines, like mains frequency recognition, that take approximately 2 s.

Potentiometer R65 controls T1 (T1635H) and potentiometer R66 controls T2 (ACST16).

Output power level is adjusted by changing the position of the related potentiometer. Power

regulation is divided into 5 steps where position 1 means minimum power and position 5

means maximum power. LED D11 for T1 (T1635H) and LED D12 for T2 (ACST16) signal

Getting started UM1631

8/27 DocID024503 Rev 1

that the gate control signal is applied. If the load (example motor) is running and the LED

lights up, it indicates the MCU properly controls the Triac(s).

Blue, black and white buttons control the 3x ACS108 and Z01 in ON/OFF mode with zero

voltage synchronization. The blue button S1 controls ACS1, black button S2 controls ACS2,

black button S3 controls ACS3 and white button S4 controls T3. The different colors are

used for easy recognition of the controlled device.

ACS2 and ACS3 are controlled with 2 ms gate pulses. This is sufficient for loads with RMS

current approximately in the range of 100 mA - 500 mA. Smaller loads should be controlled

with ACS1, which has continuous gate control.

T3 is controlled with 2 ms pulses and is used for comparison with ACS2 and ACS3 behavior.

LED D10 for T3 (Z01), LED (D7) for ACS1 (ACS108-8S), LED D8 for ACS2 (ACS108-8S)

and LED D9 for ACS3 (ACS108-8S) signals that the gate control signal is applied.

The red button S5 controls relay R1. Relay is controlled in the continuous DC mode. The DC

control starts in zero voltage for control coil.

Note: The coil control in zero voltage does not lead to accurate “Zero Voltage Switching” of the

power contacts.

Button control is used in a two-step control. When the button is first pushed it turns the

related device ON. A second push of the button turns the related device OFF. All devices

controlled by buttons are set in the OFF position after reset.

Figure 3. Overview of the demonstration board operation

DocID024503 Rev 1 9/27

UM1631 Getting started

3.3 MCU programming

Once the demonstration board has the mains cable and load cable correctly connected, it

can be powered on. The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board goes to wait-for-signal

mode immediately after powering it on.

A JTAG connector for MCU programming is used when software modifications are

necessary.

Warning: Programming device has to be galvanically isolated from

mains when programmed directly on mains.

3.4 Load and gate control fitting

Gate current pulse is generated by the MCU. The length of the pulse is set by software.

Gate current pulse length is important. Its value must be set according to the minimum load

current. The load current has to reach the AC switch latching current value to keep the

device ON after the gate pulse is removed. Latching current (IL) is specified in the AC switch

datasheet - ACS108-8S. It is important to check this point for low power loads when RMS

current is low and it takes a long time to reach the latching current level. When gate current

is removed before the load current reaches latching current, the device may turn off. Refer

to the AN302 application note for further information on latching current.

The maximum value and length of the gate current the board can provide depends on power

supply rating. The power supply used in the demonstration board is able to provide 120 mA

continuously in full range of the operating voltage.

Functional description UM1631

10/27 DocID024503 Rev 1

4 Functional description

Two different types of ACS/Triac control are implemented. Phase angle control and full

wave control. The gate control signal is synchronized with zero voltage crossing signal

(ZVC). The MCU operation is also synchronized with ZVC signal. ZVC signal is sent directly

to the MCU input pin that is set as external interrupt.

4.1 Phase angle control

Control of T1 (T1635H) and T2 (ACST16) is based on phase angle control.

Figure 4. Phase angle control description

Phase angle control is based on changing the firing angle (delay). The firing angle

determines the power that is delivered to the load. The shorter the firing angle (delay), the

higher the power.

Firing angle and gate control pulse are defined by software. Table 1 shows initial setting of

firing angle.

4.2 Full wave control

Control of T3 (Z0109), ACS1, ACS2, and ACS3 (all ACS108-8S) is based on full wave pulse

control.

Table 1. Firing angle delay

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5

Firing angle (delay) 8.5 ms 6.9 ms 5.2 ms 3.6 ms 2.0 ms

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