Sekonic L-398 User manual

www.orphancameras.com

JAPAN

86035000s

PRINTEDIN sEKOtrttc

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CONTENTS FEATURES

Nearly all photographic subjectscombine complex variationsof

strongly reflecting

surfaces

(high reflectivity)and weakly reflecting

surfaces

(low reflectivity).

These

variations

delicately

influenceex-

posure determination and to which portion the exposure is set

becomes

a vital factor that considerably

affects

the appearance

the finishedphotograph.

Although riskof failurecanbe minimizedby taking

maximumand

minimum readings

of all portions

of the subject,

thenaveraging

the

values,

suchan approach

both time consuming

and

tedious.

The

Studio Deluxe

the answer

to this problem.

lt is

designed

around

a standard reflectivity of 'lB%, which has been derived through

measurements

of various subjectsthroughout the seasons

of the

yea

Consequently,

high effectiveness

is displayed

with subjects

possess'

ing

ref

lectivities

in the neighborhood

of 'l8o/o

(people,

buildings,

etc.)

and when this canbe considered

the average

value

(street

snapshots,

trees,

forest scenes,

etc.).

1. Optimum exposuremeter for incident light measuring

method

(also

applicable

for reflected

light method)'

2, Freely rotatable light sensorsectionfor very easi

ly performed

measurements.

3. Meterstopper

mechanism

allows

operation

while hand isreleased

from meter.

Meter

release

mechanism

also

includedwhich allows

the needle

to def

lect freely. This provides greater conven

ience when

determining

light balance.

Lumisphere

detects

the same light as strikes

the subject.

Since

subjects

are normally 3-dimensional,

according

to the lighting

conditions,

brighter surfaces (highlights)

and darker surfaces

(shadows)

are produced (illumination

contrast). The Studio

Deluxe mechanism

automatically

takes

into account

the strength

of light

from alldirections,

causing

themeterto indicatea

value

applicable to photography. lt is thus most convenient for

determining

typical exposures. 2

Specif

ications

Part

Designations

Accessories

Basic

Operationof Meter

Unit 7

1. StopperButtonOperation 7

. 2. ZeroPosition

Check

and

Adjustm€rt .......,.

StandardAccessoryOperation I

IncidentLightMeasurement 8

1. Lumisphere B

2. Lumidisc 11

ReflectedLightMeasurement """"'12

1. Lumigrid 12

OtherOperations ........"13

1. ExposureValue

(EV number)

Readout

"""'13

2. Employing

CineScale """"""""'14

3. UsingExposureMultipliers

(x1

12,

x2,x4)..' 15

Employing

Special

Accessories """"""' 15

1. DirectReading

Slides """""""" 15

2. Direct

Reading

Slide

Application

""""""""'16

MeasurementExamples

with Various

Subjects

.......

1. PortraitPhotography""""""""""""""""""' 17

2. TypicalScenery """'18

3. ObservatorialScenes

"""""""""""""""""" 18

4. SnowScenes """""'2O

5. Scenes

with Side

or Back

Lighting

""..".......

6. Silhouette

Photography

"""..."'........'........'.

ApplicationsSummary .....

1. SpecialFeaturesof theStudio

Deluxe

'........23

2. flfumination

Contrast "..'.'......'.24

3. Reflected

Light

Measurement

...-....-............

4. fllumination

Adjustment

........'.'..................

5. Closeups """""""" 31

Handling

Cautions ."."...'..34

l*,. ,s -1.."*.;

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After combining ASA sensitivity and shutter speed, direct

readingslides (optional) can be usedfor directly determining

the aperturevalue.

Selenium photocell is employed as light sensing

element,

eliminating need for battery.

Wide selectionof available

accessoriesallows numerous

photo-

graphictechniques

to be enjoyed.

SPECIFICATIONS

MeasuringSystem

Measuring

Range

Measuring

Accuracy

ASA Scale

DIN Scale

Shutter Scale

Aperture Scale

CineScale

EV Scale

Calibration Constant

Dimensions

Weight

Incident

light

(reflected

lightsystem

also

capable)

At ASA

100,

EV4 - 17

Within

t 0.3

(1/3f

stop)

6- 12000

9-42

60- 1|2OOOsecond

1-90

8fps

- 128

fps

1- 20

(exposure

value)

C=340 K=12.5

107x58x30mm

Approx.

250

grams

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PART DESIGNATIONS ACCESSORIES

Lumisphere

@Hish

(H)

slide

Optional Accessories

(sold separately).

Direct readingslides.

Front

EVmark

DIN

mark@

topper

ASAmark

Lumisphere

Light sensor@

Footcandle

scale

(incident

light) O

Aperture

value

(for direct readingl

Needle

EV scale

Dial

ring

Dial

scale@

H"mark

"L"mark

DIN

scale@

Stopper

button @

ASAscale

Film sensitivity

selectorknob @

Cinescale

Shutter speed

scale

Aperturescale

Lumidisc

Dial

scale

Total

of lldirect

(set

of 11 slides

reading

slides

in case).

Lumigrid

Zero adjust

Rear

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BASIC

OPERATION

OF METER UNIT

1. Stopper Button Operation

lf the stopper button @ is press-

ed when the stopper button mark

@ issetto Q , the meter needle

@ deflects according to bright-

ness. Then when the button is

released,

the needleremains

fixed

at the indicated position.

By holding the stopper button

depressedand turning it clockwise

sothat the mark position becomes

Q , the needleis released.

At this time, the meter will de-

flect freely even if the stopper

button is released. To fix the

needle, turn the stopper button

counter-clockwise to where the

mark is positioned e

2. Zero PositionCheckand

Adjustment

With stopper

button

in released

O position, cover light sensor

with hand or black cloth to com-

pletely block light. Check that

meter needle @ correctly indi-

cates zero position. lf the indi-

cation deviates from zero, while

observingmeter indication, use

coin or similar tool to turn the

rear zero adjust screw @ and

adjust for zero indication.

STANDARDACCESSORY

OPERATION

IncidentLightMeasurement

1. Lumisphere

a. MountLumisphere

@ to light

sensor

@ . To mount, align

white dots of Lumisphere

frame and light sensor, then

turn Lumisphere carefully

clockwise to secure.

Set film sensitivityknob @

to sensitivityvalue of employ-

ed film. SetASA value

to right

side ASA mark @ and DIN

value to left side DIN mark

@ . Photo shows setting for

ASA 100 (DrN 21).

From position where subjectis

to be measured, point Lumi-

sphere O in direction of

camera. (Light sensor @ can

be turned freely.)

Hold meter erect and press

stopper. button @ Meter

needle @ deflects according

to brightness.When the stop-

per button is released, the

meter needle becomesf

ixed at

the deflected position. lf the

location is excessively

bright

and the meter needle

deflects

beyond scale,insert the High

slide @ .

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Readthe footcandle indication

@ of the meter needle.

Transfer footcandle value to

the dial scale

@ Rotate the

dial ring @ and set the a

symbol L mark. lf the High

slide @ has

been inserted,

set

thersymbol Hmark.

g. At thistirne,theshutterspeed

scale @ and aperturescale

combination becomes the

correctexposure.

Example:With High slide in-

serted,

meter indicates

80 f

ootcandles. At

ASA 100, the proper

exposure becomes

'll25O sec at f 15.6,

/30 sec at f/1

6 and

1 secat f/90.

--s\

Footcandles

* Meterscale

intermediate

val

ntermediate

values

for

Shutter

speedand

aperture

scale

.21

,.s'io

* Film sensitivityintermediate

values

Note: When no slide

is inserted,

strong

lightdirectlystrikingthe

slideslotmayenterthroughthe slot.Althoughthis

does

not

seriously aff

ect exposure, if more accurate exposure is

required,

coverslot with hand.

DIN

/8-

?2-'

24'

26-

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2. Lumidisc

Employ for illumination contrast

adjustment and luminance

measurement.

o contrast measurement

a. Mount Lumidisc @ to light

sensor @ . lnstall in the same

manner as Lumisphere.

b. Hold meter at subjectPosition

and point Lumidisc @ di-

rectly toward center of main

light.

c. Pressstopper button @ and

read meter scale f

ootcandle

indication @ .

d. In the same manner, readthe

fill in light footcandle indi-

cation @ In this case, use

care that light from main

source does not enter sensor.

e. Ratio between main and fill

in light footcandles becomes

the contrast ratio.

Example: With main light at 640

footcandles,

fill in light

reads 320 footcandles.

llumination contrast

ratio becomes:

#=i or2:1

Luminance

(lux)measurement

Mount Lumidisc @ to light

sensor

@ inthe

same

manner

as Lumisphere.

c. Place

Lumidisc @ parallel

with the measuredsurface.

Press stopper button @ and read meter scale footcandle

indication @

d. Multiply this value by 10.76 to obtain

Example: 80 x 10.76

= 860.8 lux

lf meter def

lectsbeyond scale,

insert High

footcandle indication by 32.

Example: 80 x 32 = 2560 footcandles

2560 x 10.76 = 27545.6 lux

Reflected

LightMeasurement

1. Lumigrid

a. Mount

Lumigrid

@ to light

sensor

@ in the same

manner

as Lumisphere.

Set sensitivity value of em-

ployed film. Setting is per-

formed in the same manner

for incident lightmeasurement.

Point Lumigrid @ directly

toward part of subject to be

measured.

As close as possible to the

subject,measure

ref

lected light

from main point of subject.

Use adequate care at this time

that meter shadow etc. does

not interfere.

lux.

slide

6,thenmultiply

light

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e. Press

stopper button @ and

read meter scale footcandle

indication @ . However,

since

footcandles are units of inci-

dent light only, this value

becomes simply a reference.

f. Transfer

indicated

valueto dial

scale @ . Rotate the dial ring

@ and set ^ symbol H mark

g. At this time, shutter speed

scale @ and aperture scale

@ combination becomes

the

correct exposure.

Note: Do not employ slides for

reflected light measure-

ment.

* More accurate results can be

obtained for reflected light

measurement by using a

standard reflectan

ce slide

(optional accessory).

Other

Operations

1. Exposure

Value

(EV

number)Readout

Reading this exposure value to

perform setting becomes con-

venientfor cameraswhich employ

a light value system shutter and

aperture combination.

Read meter needle @ foot-

candleindication

Transfer

this number to the

dial

scale

@ . Rotatedial

ring

@ and set

^ symbolL mark

@. lf the High

slide

is in-

serted, set the a symbol H

mark @ .

EV value indicated by EV

mark @ becomesthecorrect

exposure

value.

2. Employing

CineScale

lncident and ref

lected light

measurementsduring cine pho-

tography are performed in the

same manner as described

pre-

viously.

However,

since

the cine

scale

@ numerals

correspond

cine camera

film speed,

readthe

aperture

scale

@ indicationthat

pertainsto the employed film

speed.

Note: Some cine cameras

possess

faster exposuretimes due to

a narrowerrotating

shutterangle

(angle

of light

transmitting

portion). lt is important to know the accurate

film speed

versusshutter angle valuefor your camera

in order to

determineproper exposure.Refer to the camera

operating

instructions, maker's catalogue, etc. for shutter speed

inf

ormation.

Shutter

angle

and

exposurecalculation:

T= 0 R = Framesexposed

in 1 second

360xR T=Exposuretime

0 = Shutterangle

Note: Standard theatrical cine film speed ts 24 fps at 1/50 sec.

This position is indicated by a red line on the scale.

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3. UsingExposureMultipliers

(xl

12,

x2,

x4l

Exposuremultiplier

indications

are provided

at both sidesof the

H and L marksof the dial scale.

Use

the x1l2 when desiringto

cut the exposure

to 112

esser)

and the x2 and x4 positions

muftiplythe exposure

by 2 and

4 (greater).

Insteadof the H and

L marks,setthe x112,x2 or x4 markto the footcandlevalue.

EMPLOYING SPECIAL ACCESSORIES

1. Direct Reading

Slides

A totalof 11 slidesareavailable,all

of whichmay

usedtogether

with the Lumisphereand Lumidisc.

(Note

thattheycannotbe

used

with Lumigrid.) The High slide, as mentioned previously,

employed

for varyingthe measuiing

rangein 2 steps

(high and

low illumination),however,it canalsobeused

for direct

reading.

The other slidesare specialized

for directreading

and cannot

used

for mode selection.

Note: One

set

of slides

consists

of slide

numbers1 - 11 in a case.

The High

slide

can

also

be usedasa direct readingslide.

2. Direct ReadingSlide

Application

When photographing,

selectslide

from the above

tableaccording

film sensitivityandshutter

speed.

Insert

slide

and perform measure-

ment in the same

manner

for

incidentlight. Readdirectlythe

aperture value @ indicatedby

the meter

needle@

* Since it is not necessary

to rotate the dial when employing direct

readingslides,

setting becomesextremely fast and convenient.

Shutter

-peed

Slide No. ----- /tu /to t/oo t/uotIo t/rutlruotluro

IASA

64 ASA

r25 ASA

r60 ASA

200 ASA

250

250 100 t25 160 200 400

340 80 100 L25 r60 320

432 64 80 100 r25 250

525 50 64 80 100 200 400

620 40 50 64 80 160 320

716 32 40 50 64 L25 250

I25 32 40 50 100 200 400

I20 25 32 40 80 160 320

r0 16 20 25 32 64 L25 250

ll t2 l6 20 40 80 160

High 12 25 50 100

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