SAT-Kabel IRM 7 User manual

IRM 7

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

Impulse reflectometer

Chemnitzer Straße 11 .09217 Burgstädt

Satelliten- und Kabelfernsehanlagen/Industrievertretung GmbH

SAT

Kabel

General

1 IRM 7 incl. high-quality NiMH accumulator

1 plugin charging device AC/AC

1 operating instructions

optional available: Imitation leather bag KLT or KLT 2

Measuring cable with adapter MKA 150 HQ

Plastic case TKSI

nd extreme coldness!

The working temperature range is 0 °C until +40 °C

Avoid shocks by bumps or falling down. We recommend the use of the imitation leather

bag.

The F-measuring socket is a high-quality component. This one is designed for a

maximum diameter of 1.1 mm of the inner conductor. We recommend for a good care

of the socket to use a measuring cable with F-connector plus an according adapter.

Delivery volume

Zur Beachtung!

The is a impulse reflectometer, processor controlled, with LCD display for check and locate

faults in telecommunication and power cables. For a more accurate a

IRM 7

nalysis the return loss of

coaxial cables is measured additional. It is handy and easy to operate.

already 20 cable types are pre-programmed, additional types can be added in the menu

length measurement at the leading edge of the reflected pulse

return loss measurement on the reflected pulse

pulse amplification adjustable at cable bruise, bad connectors and other components with

too less return loss.

The special features are:

Measurement only on strain-free objects!

+Do not expose incident solar radiation, heath a

Charging

Connect the plugin charging device (containing in the delivery volume) to the charging socket of the

(ø5.5/2.1 mm, plus pole inside). The power supply voltage (11...24 V) and charging control is

shown on the display.

IRM 7

Wir danken Ihnen für den Kauf dieses Produktes.

Diese Bedienungsanleitung soll Ihnen die Funktionen des Gerätes vermitteln und den

Gebrauch erleichtern. Sollten Sie Fragen oder Anregungen zur weiteren

Verbesserung haben, lassen Sie es uns wissen.

zum Gerät

-2-

We thank you for buying of a product of the company SAT-Kabel .

This operating instructions shall help you to understand the functions of the instrument and to ease

its use. If you have questions about this instrument or suggestions for further improvements,

please get in touch with us.

Measuring ranges

Resolution switchable

Accuracy of the measuring range

Propagation factor

Storage places for cable type and propagation factor

already 20 pre-programmed

Sensitivity

Digital filter switchable for suppression of

external voltages on the cable

Output F-socket

Output

Operation

Power supply NiMH-accumulator 6V/750 mAh; AC/AC adapter

Powwer consumption

Dimensions/weight

0–2000 m

0.1 m / 0.2 m / 0.4 m / 1 m / 2 m / 4 m,

0.2 %

0.250–0.999

Dynamic 64 dB

80 dB

Impedance 75 Ohm

pulse 4 V, 2 ns / 20 ns / 100 ns wide

Display LCD 120 × 32 pixel, illuminated

with 3 keys

90 mA

157 × 84 × 30 [mm] / 300 g

Function operated from:

Switch on key 1 after that key 2 or key 3 (according of the desired mode)

Switch off keys 2 und 3 simultaneously

Cursor move key 1 “down”–one step to left

key 2 “up”–one step to right

Menu key 3 “mode”long –one menu point forward

key 3 “mode”shortly –one menu point back

Operational elements

-3-

Technical data, features

Operating functions standard

3 Operating keys

LCD-Display

Charging socket

Measuring socket

123

down up mode

123

down up mode

= push long the single key >1 s

(here key 3)

= simultaneously push long two keys >1 s

(here keys 1 and 2)

= simultaneously push long two keys >1 s

(here keys 1 and 3 –reserved for storage)

= push shortly the single key (here key 3)

= push shortly one of the two keys

(here key 2 or 1 –one step forward /back)

-4-

Operating:

Cursor movement:

with key 1 or 2

Keys:“”=1;“”=2;“”=3

Switch on at use of the given cable types:

Fast Cursor movement

Fault location:

ATTENTION ! Do not measure on live cables !

(Electric strength max. 65 V)

down up mode

Switch on the with key 1, push after that key 2. Select the cable type with the keys 1 and

2, after that push key 3 –propagation factor and cable attenuation of the cable types are preset

at the measurements.

Keep pushed key 1 or 2.

IRM 7

Switch on:

Switch off:

Push key 1, after that push key 3. (accumulator full app. 7 V, empty app. 5.5V)

Push simultaneously key 2 and 3, after 4 min. inactivity automatically.

If the accumulator voltage drops to 5.9 V, a fade-in happens on the display.

At 5.5 V the IRM switches off itself.

At 0 m the positive transmitting pulse can be seen. If the connected cable is open on its end, an

additional positive going pulse appears on the display. In the case of a shorted end of the cable

a negative going pulse appears reflected from the cable end (pulse echo).

Adjust the cursor to the beginning of the pulse and read the cable length. If the cable is

terminated with a resistance equal to the impedance of the cable, no reflexion occurs when

the cable is faultless. In the case of breaks, contact faults in sleeves, short circuits or

taps/splitter in the sector to be tested, the distance to the cable beginning can be

determined by the pulse echo.

If wide pulses are used for the measurement, the echoes are stronger, but faultless taps/splitter

cause then strong echoes.

Selection of length range, resolution, output pulse width, digital filter, storage place or

propagation factor:

Outgoing from the length measurement:

Permanent storage:

Back:

Push long key 3 until the desired symbol appears

inversely. Change of the selected value with the keys 1 and 2.

Push keys 1 and 3 simultaneously.

Push short key 3.

Measurement principle:

The measuring pulse fed into the cable will reflected by inhomogeneity of the cable i

mpedance (cable faults) and showed on the display.

The distance and the kind of the fault can be determined out of the shape and the time

setting of the reflection. (Practical experience can be obtained by test measurements).

-5-

Measurement of the cable attenuation/100m at 50 MHz

Pulse amplifier

Connect app. 100–200m cable on the , shorted or open end (all pulse energy will be

reflected). Select pulse width 20 ns. Set cursor on the pulse echo. Set the value of the cable

attenuation so that the return loss will be 0 dBRL. Read the attenuation value.

To reject or decrease interference voltage on the cable, which affect the displayed waveform, a

digital mean filter “Fi”can be connected. The display of the waveform will be delayed to 3

seconds.

IRM 7

Digital filter:

Start mode:

To increase the sensitivity of the the gain can be set in steps of 4 dB from 0 to 36 dB. The

gain ”V”can be set by short pushing of the key 3 proceeding from the length display.

IRM 7

If at a certain resolution the keys 1 und 3 are pushed simultaneously, this resolution will be

active at the switch on of the .IRM 7

Measuring of the return loss (reflexion attenuation dBRL):

This measurement is only possible at before selected cable types. The cursor should be set to

the pulse peak and the return loss can be read on the display in the right below corner. The IRM

finds out the lowest value of the return loss in a range determined by the instrument. At the top

right can be read the storage place of the cable type. If the cable attenuation is set correctly, the

displayed value of the return loss is the real value (local return loss). The pulse attenuation of

the cable is calculated by the .

For measurement of the return loss is a pulse width of 2 ns (smallest pulse) best suitable (if

the pule is yet visible).

IRM 7

Propagation factor:

The Propagation factor (v/c or pulse velocity) declares the velocity of electrical signals in the

cable in relation to the speed of light.

The propagation factor of the cable under test must always preset before the length

measurement. If the propagation factor is unknown, a approximate value is set and the fault is

determined from both ends of the cable

MZoom

By long pushing of the keys 1 and 2 the zoom can be switched on or off. Referred to the

operating scheme on page 6 and 7, the zoom only can used to functions under the dashed line.

If the zoom is switched on, the entire display is used for the display of the measuring curve. An

already set gain keeps remained. The zoom can switch off by a repeated long pushing of the

keys 1 and 2.

-6-

Operating scheme IRM 7 Software version 3.09.4 ©

Zoom

on/off

Measuring of the return loss Measuring without return loss

after a

Switch off: Switch off:

Store values: Store values:

cable selection

(storage place)

Measuring curve

Cursor

Resolution

0.1/0.2/…/4 m

Resolution

0.1/0.2/…/4 m

Gain

V: 0/4/8/…/36

Pulse width

2/20/100 ns

Filter

(on/off)

Our off all menu points

(not at selection of the

cable type)

- 64 dB dynamics

- full display

-7-

©SAT-Kabel®

Measuring without return loss

a after Switch off:

S Store values:

Cursor

Resolution

0.1/0.2/…/4 m

Gain

V: 0/4/8/…36

Pulse width

2/20/100 ns

Filter

on/off)

Storage place for

propagations factor

Propagations factor

0.25…0.999

= Push key long (>1 s)

= Do not push the key!

= Push shortly the key

= Alternative push key shortly

Legend:

Change of the cable characteristic values:

In switched off condition push the keys 1 and 2 simultaneously so long, until the display of the

storage places appears.

Select by shortly pushing of the key 3 the parameter to be changed (inverse display) and

change with the keys 1 and 2.

Not used storage places can be faded in or out with the parameter ”ON“resp. ”OFF”. Faded

out storage places don't appear any more at the switch on.

The changeable parameters are

inner diameter

outer diameter

dielectric

fade in/out of the storage place

storage place (e.g. 1)

propagation factor

cable attenuation

Storage by simultaneously pushing of the keys 1 and 3.

0.08 –

3.5 –

CPE –

ON/OFF –

P: 1 –

v/c –

5.7 dB –

-8-

0.80 / 3.50 CPE

P: 1 v/c=0.83 5.7 dB

Measuring of the propagation factor (nvp-value) of the cable:

Connect a cable with known length (e.g. 100 m) on the . Set the cursor on the cable length

and change the propagation factor so that the pulse echo appears behind the cursor.

IRM 7

Propagation factors

Power cables

Coaxial cable with PE dielectric

Coaxial cable with foam-PE

Air isolation

0.49–0.57, (ca. 0.53)

0.66

0.77–0.85

0.88–0.92

-9-

Here are shown some typical curves of the use of the . But it must be known, that measure-

ments with an impulse reflectometer result in varied displays. Therefore are practical experiences

IRM 7

prerequisite for a certain interpretation of the displayed measuring curves including test

measurements and trials.

Measuring with pulse reflectometer –directions out of the practice

This examples show three standard situations. The entire transmitting pulse(decreased at the

cable attenuation) is reflected and the result is definite.

The curves show additional among others the quality of the cable. The upper curve shows a high

quality new cable. The next two curves show slight waves caused by using signs. From experience

this cable can be further still used More precise results you can achieve by the measurement of the

return loss, with this instrument no problem.

Attention! The indentation what you can see after a cable end (or component), are further pulses

caused by the repeatedly pass through of the cable. To eliminate such a n error source, a check with

second person is to make, which on the open end of the cable make a short circuit at disposition.

This caused a tilting of the reflected pulse and the right end of the cable under test can be

determined. Please note the important advice at this method:

It is very important for accurate measurements to measure the cable under test from both sides.

Furthermore the selection of the right propagation factor is most important for the accurate length

measurement of the . Therefore you find on the next page a table with the already

programmed cable types.

Do not work with the IRM 7 on live cable!

IRM 7

1. This is a display after the switch on of the . You can see the

transmitting pulse and the cursor. The left leading edge of the

transmitting pulse is to align with the cursor by the zero point shift.

Below are displayed from left to right the distance, the selected

pulse, filter(without) and the cable propagation factor.

This ideal curve can also be seen with a correct terminating resistor.

IRM 7

2. Here are used a assembled feed line as test object. The end of the

cable is open, the impedance therefore very high and the

transmitting pulse is reflected. The cursor is located on the leading

edge of the reflected pulse. The distance are displayed correctly

with 10.2 m (the cable was really 10.2 m long)

3. Now the cable has been shorten, the impedance therefore very

low. The transmitting pulse is reflected again, but displayed

downward. This mean short circuit. The cursor is located again on

the leading edge. The distance is also 10.2 m.

-10 - -

Program cable type

place designation -factor

P1CCS 36 GAS 0,41 mm 1,90 mm CPE 0,78 10,9 dB

P2MIDI EXTRA 65 GAS 0,65 mm 3,00 mm CPE 0,83 7,2 dB

P3COAX 12 0,70 mm 4,60 mm PF 0,66 5,6 dB

P4EXTRA 80 GAS 0,80 mm 3,50 mm CPF 0,83 5,7 dB

P5H 126 DUOBOND PLUS 1,00 mm 4,60 mm CPE 0,82 4,5 dB

P6TRISHIELD DIGITAL GAS 1,02 mm 4,40 mm CPE 0,85 4,3 dB

P7QUADRISHIELD DIGITAL GAS 1,02 mm 4,40 mm CPE 0,85 4,2 dB

P8TELASS B1,1/7,3 1,10 mm 7,25 mm PE 0,66 3,8 dB

P91 ikx 1,1/7,3 1,10 mm 7,30 mm PE 0,66 3,3 dB

P10 AMEL SATGAS, SAT300 GAS 1,13 mm 4,80 mm CPE 0,85 4,1 dB

P11ALM DIGITAL SAT/ GAS 1,13 mm 4,80 mm CPE 0,85 3,9 dB

P12 PA1,63/50 SATGAS 1,63 mm 7,20 mm CPE 0,84 3,0 dB

P13 PA1,63 ALL DIGITAL- SAT

(AP/Tragseil)

P14 COAX 6 (LG) 1,70 mm 6,95 mm CPE 0,89 2,3 dB

P15 1nkx 2,20 mm 8,80 mm PEH 0,88 1,8 dB

P16 1qkx 3,30 mm 13,50 mm PEH 0,88 1,2 dB

P17 75-7-12 D 2,60 mm 10,00 mm AIR 0,85 1,6 dB

P18 75-7-16 D 3,80 mm 13,80 mm AIR 0,92 1,1 dB

P19 1skx 4,90 mm 19,40 mm PEH 0,88 0,9 dB

P20 75-7-G 1,20 mm 8,00 mm PE 0,67 4,0 dB

1,63 mm 7,20 mm CPE 0,84 2,7 dB

cable diameter kind of propagation cable attenuation at

inner conductor dielectric dielectric 50 MHz at 100 m

Stored cable data

IRM 7

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