Fluke RaySafe 452 User manual
Users Manual
Radiation Survey Meter
RAYSAFE 452
RaySafe 45
PN 5000195-1.00
June 019,
© 019 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Specifications are subject to change without notice.
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
ID label
USERS MANUAL EN ...................................................................
BENUTZERHANDBUCH DE.......................................................
MANUAL DE USUARIO ES ........................................................
MANUEL UTILISATEUR FR ........................................................
MANUALE D’USO IT .................................................................
取扱説明書 JA ....................................................................
MANUAL DO USUÁRIO PT_BR ...............................................
࣐ېەӅ ZH ........................................................................
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RaySafe 45 – Users Manual (EN)
ABOUT RAYSAFE ..................................................................
GETTING STARTED .......................................................................
ACTIONS AND SETTINGS .............................................................
Screen overview ...............................................................................
Store measurements ........................................................................
Access stored measurements ..........................................................
Lids and quantities ...........................................................................
Buttons and menus ..........................................................................
MEASURE WITH LID .....................................................................
Measurement parameters ................................................................
Intermittent radiation sources ........................................................
MEASURE WITHOUT LID ............................................................
Measurement parameters ..............................................................
Activity calculation ..........................................................................
RAYSAFE VIEW ...........................................................................
MAINTENANCE ...........................................................................
Charge the battery .........................................................................
Cleaning ..........................................................................................
Storage ...........................................................................................
Service ............................................................................................
ERRORS AND SYMBOLS ............................................................
Instrument errors ............................................................................
Other display symbols ....................................................................
Symbols on labels ..........................................................................
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ....................................................
General ...........................................................................................
Radiology ........................................................................................
Sensor position ...............................................................................
Angular response – *() .............................................................
Angular response – Kair .................................................................
Typical energy response ................................................................
SOFTWARE LICENSES ................................................................
WARRANTY .................................................................................
SERVICE AND SUPPORT CONTACTS .........................................
sers Manual (EN)
4
RaySafe 45 – Users Manual (EN)
ABOUT RAYSAFE 45
The RaySafe 45 is a hand-held device designed for monitoring
and measuring radiation levels indoors and temporarily outdoors, in
nuclear, industrial and medical applications.
ARNING
The RaySafe 452 does not replace any radiation
protection equipment.
ARNING
The RaySafe 452 is not a replacement for personal
or legal dosimeters.
ARNING
The RaySafe 452 is not approved for use in
environments with explosive atmosphere.
ARNING
Use RaySafe 452 only as specified or the protection
provided in the design may be compromised.
ARNING
Take special care when measuring on intermittent
radiation sources, such as pulsed X-rays or linear
particle accelerators (linacs). See "Intermittent
radiation sources" on page 10.
The RaySafe 45 (the instrument) is used with dierent lids, or without
lid, to quantify dose, dose rate, mean photon energy, counts and
count rate.
The instrument consists of two automatically handled sensor systems:
1. A Geiger-Müller pancake, used at low dose rates and, without lid,
as an α / β / γ (alpha, beta, gamma) counter.
. A cluster of solid-state sensors, used at medium to high dose
rates.
AB
C
D
E
B
F
G
Figure 1. Instrument overview.
A:
Display.
B:
Lid.
C:
USB connector for charger
and computer.
D:
Buttons (center, left, right, up, down).
E:
Tripod screw mount.
F:
Solid-state sensors behind carbon fiber cover.
G:
Geiger-Müller pancake
behind steel grid.
NOTE
The entrance window of the Geiger-Müller pancake (
G
in
Figure 1 on page 4), is very fragile and should never
be touched. The Geiger-Müller pancake is also sensitive to
mechanical shock.
5
RaySafe 45 – Users Manual (EN)
GETTING STARTED
Power on the instrument with a long press (approximately 3 seconds)
on the center button ().
3 s
Figure 2. Power on.
The instrument starts to measure after about 5 seconds.
Position the instrument with the sensors towards the radiation source.
The instrument will switch between its dierent sensor systems and
adapt its averaging times automatically.
Measurement quantities change with the lid. See "Lids and quantities"
on page 7.
Figure 3. Position with the sensor area facing the radiation source.
Power o with a long press on the center button. The instrument
automatically stores a log of rate values with 1 second resolution.
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RaySafe 45 – Users Manual (EN)
ACTIONS AND SETTINGS
Screen overview
A
B
C
D
µGy/h
µGy
keV
µGy/h^
507
503
503
0.82
µSv/h
nSv
keV
µSv/h^
282
56
65.4
30.4
Figure 4. Screen overview.
A. Status symbols: measurement sound, battery and display
backlight.
B. Current dose rate or count rate. The displayed quantity and unit
change with lid and settings. See Table 1 on page 7 for more
information.
C. Rate bar. The rate bar shows the current rate, without averaging,
updated 4 times per second. The scale is logarithmic and covers
the specified rate range.
D. Varying content: current measurement parameters, settings,
stored measurement, error screen or confirmation screen,
depending on user interaction and environmental conditions.
Store measurements
Manually store a measurement with a short press on the center
button.
Storing a measurement saves and resets all displayed readings.
A measurement will also be stored automatically:
• When mounting or unmounting a lid.
• When the instrument powers o.
• When an error state interrupts the ongoing measurement.
• After 4 hours of continuous measurement.
Access stored measurements
All stored measurements can be accessed using a computer
running RaySafe View. See "RaySafe View" on page 1 . Recent
measurements have a rate log with 1 second resolution, displayed in
RaySafe View as a waveform.
Measurements stored since last power-on can be accessed in
the instrument display. Press the down arrow to view the stored
measurements. See Figure 5 on page 6. Step between
measurements using the left and right arrow buttons.
2/3
µSv/h
0.15
µSv
keV
mSv/h^
---
1.42
10.3
µSv/h0.11
3/3
µSv/h
0.13
nSv
keV
µSv/h^
56
72.4
260
µSv/h30.4
1/3
µSv/h
0.11
µSv
keV
µSv/h^
72
145
1.73
µSv/h120
Figure 5. Access stored measurements.
After 10 days of logging, or 4000 stored measurements, the oldest
entries will be cyclically overwritten.
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RaySafe 45 – Users Manual (EN)
Lids and quantities
Depending on model, the instrument is equipped with dierent sets of
lids with dierent filter compositions.
The lids have bayonet mounts. Align the line on the lid with the line on
the instrument, bring together and turn to fasten the lid.
Figure 6. Mount a lid.
LID NAME DOSE QUANTITY UNITS
Ambient Ambient dose equivalent, *() Sv, rem
Air kerma
Air kerma, Kair Gy
Absorbed dose to air, Dair rad
Exposure, XR
Without lid Counts (α, β, γ) cps, cpm
Table 1. Lids and measured quantities.
Change the measurement unit in the settings menu. See "Buttons and
menus" on page 7.
The instrument is calibrated with its associated lid(s), and shall only be
used with the lid(s) provided with the instrument. Calibration date and
serial number are printed on the lid label.
NOTE
Before exposing the instrument to water or dust, make sure
that the rubber sealing is intact and clean, that the lid is
properly mounted, and that nothing is connected to the USB
connector.
Buttons and menus
Figure 7. Center button.
A long press on the center button powers on or o the instrument.
When the instrument shows the measurement screen, a short press on
the center button stores a measurement. At all other screens, a short
press on the center button returns the measurement screen.
Figure 8. Arrow buttons.
The measurement screen is the default screen after power on. Press
up from the measurement screen to access settings.
Press left or right as indicated on the screen to step between
selectable settings. The setting is changed immediately. Press the
center button to return to the measurement screen.
Press down from the measurement screen to access stored
measurements. The stored measurements are sorted in chronological
order, from right to left.
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RaySafe 45 – Users Manual (EN)
There are two shortcuts:
• A long press on the left arrow button toggles the measurement
sound (on/o).
• A long press on the right arrow button toggles the display
backlight (on/o).
Menu structure
About
Information screen with firmware version (FW), serial
number (S/N), checksum for adjustment data (CRC),
and adjustment date (Adj.).
Alarm level
Select a rate alarm level: O, Test, or a level from a
selection spread over the range of the current rate
quantity.
Unit Change measurement unit. Dependent on lid status.
See "Lids and quantities" on page 7.
Measurement
sound
Turn on or o the measurement sound. Each pop
sound corresponds to a discharge of the Geiger-
Müller pancake, to a maximum frequency of 500
pops per second.
Backlight Turn on or o the display backlight.
Measurement
screen
Current measurement parameters, default screen
after power on.
Stored
measurements
Access measurements stored since the instrument
was last powered on. See "Access stored
measurements" on page 6.
9
RaySafe 45 – Users Manual (EN)
MEASURE WITH LID
Select which lid to use (Ambient or Air kerma).
1. Mount the lid.
. Position the instrument with the sensors (the flat area of the lid)
facing the radiation source.
The instrument handles its two sensor systems seamlessly, for both
continuous sources of radiation, and for intermittent sources. See
"Intermittent radiation sources" on page 10.
The instrument has no zero adjust functionality, and measurements
include background radiation.
Measurement parameters
Dose and dose rate
Dose is all dose accumulated during the current measurement.
Dose rate uses an algorithm that detects radiation changes with a
response time of a few seconds or less, but may in some cases need
more time to stabilize, according to Table on page 9.
DOSE RATE
(µGy/h, µSv/h)
DOSE RATE
(mrad/h, mR/h, mrem/h)
TIME TO MAX
STABILITY
≤ . ≤ . s
. . s
. s
. s
s
s
s
≥ ≥ s
Table 2. Dose rate stabilization times.
NOTE
Dose rate readings may need additional time to stabilize on
a lower value after high radiation levels, due to afterglow of
scintillators in the solid-state sensors.
NOTE
The instrument is not sensitive to neutrons. This has been
tested using thermal neutrons from a moderated 241Am-Be
source. The response was found to be less than 5 % of the
neutron ambient dose equivalent.
Peak dose rate
Peak dose rate is the highest displayed dose rate reading since last
reset. See definition of dose rate.
NOTE
The instrument detects muons, created when interstellar high
energy particles from the Milky Way crashes into the Earth’s
atmosphere. The muons interact with the solid-state sensors
(when measuring with lid) and create short (1–2 s) dose rate
pulses of approximately 100 times background. At sea level,
10
RaySafe 45 – Users Manual (EN)
the instrument typically detects a few muons per day, but
at higher altitudes, for example when travelling by air, the
number increases to hundreds per day.
Mean photon energy
Mean photon energy uses a moving average of up to 10 seconds.
The averaging time is shortened whenever a change in dose rate is
detected.
Intermittent radiation sources
Dose is accurate for short pulse lengths due to the fast dead time
corrections and sensor algorithms. See Figure 9 on page 10.
Pulse length (ms)
Pulse repetition frequency (Hz)
0.1
1
10
100
1000
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Figure 9. Performance on intermittent radiation, for temperatures up to30°C
(86°F).
Green area
: Response within ±20 % of the response at continuous
radiation.
Dose rate is averaged over 1 second or longer, and updated once per
second. Therefore, the instrument needs a radiation pulse of at least
seconds to reliably measure the rate of the pulse. It is possible to
manually calculate the rate of a shorter pulse using the measured
dose and a known pulse length.
When measuring on continuously repeating pulses, for example from
pulsed fluoroscopy or linacs, the instrument measures average dose
rate. If the duty cycle is known, it can be used as a correction for
calculating the radiation rate in the pulses.
NOTE
At temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F) the instrument’s ability to
handle radiation from intermittent sources gradually declines
with increasing temperature.
MEASURE WITHOUT LID
When measuring without lid, for example on a potentially
contaminated surface:
1. Unmount the lid. When measuring without lid, the active sensor is
the Geiger-Müller pancake, G in Figure 1 on page 4.
. Turn on the measurement sound.
Tip: Long press on the left arrow button toggles the measurement
sound on or o.
3. Hold the instrument close to, but not in contact with, the surface.
4. Scan the surface slowly, approximately 1cm/s (½ inch per
second).
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