Endress+Hauser FMU 40 User manual

Ultrasonic Level Measurement

prosonic M FMU 40/41/43

Compact transmitters for non-contact level

measurement of fluids, pastes and coarse

bulk materials

Application

The compact Prosonic M transmitters are

used for continuous, non-contact level

measurement in fluids and coarse bulk

materials.

Additionally, the sensors can be used for

flow measurement in open channels and

measuring weirs.

The following interfaces are available for

system integration:

• HART®(standard), 4 to 20 mA

• PROFIBUS-PA

• Foundation Fieldbus

The maximum measuring range for

Prosonic M sensors are:

• FMU 40:

– Fluids, 16 feet (5 m)

– Bulk solids, 6 feet (2 m)

• FMU 41:

– Fluids, 26 feet (8 m)

– Bulk solids, 12 feet (3.5 m)

• FMU 43:

– Fluids, 50 feet (15 m)

– Bulk solids, 23 feet (7 m)

Features and benefits

• Simple, menu-guided on-site

operation with four-line plain text

display

• Envelope curves on the on-site

display for simple diagnosis

• Easy operation, diagnosis and

measuring point documentation with

the supplied ToF Tool operating

program

• Alignable NEMA 6P (IP 68) aluminum

housing

• Optional remote display and operation

• Installation via 1-1/2” NPT, 2” NPT

or 4” universal slip-on flange

• Integrated temperature sensor for

Time-of-Flight correction provides

accurate measurements, even with

temperature changes

• Linearization function (up to 32 points)

for measured value output in any unit

of length, volume, or flow rate

• Non-contact measurement method,

therefore almost independent of

product properties

Technical

Information

TI 365F/24/ae

The Power of Know How

FMU 40 FMU 43

FMU 41

Prosonic M

Endress+Hauser

Function and system design

Time-of-Flight method

The Prosonic M sensor transmits ultrasonic pulses in the direction of the product

surface. The ultrasonic pulse is reflected back and received by the sensor. The

Prosonic M electronics measures the time t between pulse transmission and recep-

tion. Using the time t (and the velocity of sound c), the system calculates the distance

D between the sensor membrane and the product surface

D = c x t/2

As the device knows the empty distance E from the user entry, it can calculate the

level as follows:

L = E - D

An integrated temperature sensor compensates for changes in the velocity of sound

caused by temperature changes.

Interference echo suppression

The interference echo suppression feature ensures that interference echos (such as

welded joints, internal ladder steps, edges and installations) are not interpreted as a

level echo.

Calibration

Enter the empty distance E and the span F to calibrate the system.

Blocking distance

Span F may not extend into the blocking distance BD. Level echos within the blocking

distance cannot be evaluated due to the transient characteristics of the sensor.

Measuring principle

Equipment architecture 4 to 20 mA ouput with HART®protocol

The Prosonic M can be operated on-site using either the display module VU 331 or

the supplied ToF Tool program. The system can also be operated remotely using the

HART®handheld terminal DXR 275 or using the ToF Tool.

NOTE: If a HART®communication resistor is not built into the power supply device, a

250Ωcommunication resistor in the 2-wire line must be inserted.

9.84" (250 mm)

15.7" (400 mm)

23.6" (600 mm)

16 ft (5 m)

26 ft (8 m)

50 ft (15 m)

6.5 ft (2 m)

11.5 ft (3.5 m)

23 ft (7 m)

Sensor BD

20 mA

100%

4 mA

Max. range

in liquids Max. range

in solids

FMU 40

FMU 41

FMU 43

BD: Blocking Distance

E: Empty calibration

F: Full calibration (span)

D: Distance from sensor

membrane to product level

L: Level

PLC

Commubox

FXA 191

- ToF Tool

HART handheld

DXR 275

FXA 191

DXR 275

Transmitter power

supply unit

RMA 422

or RN 221 N

(communication resistor

included)

Operating and

display module

VU 331

Service adapter

FXA 193

- COMMUWIN II

- ToF Tool

Prosonic M

Endress+Hauser 3

Profibus-PA protocol

A maximum of 32 transmitters (8 if mounted in an explosion hazardous area) can be

connected to the bus. Both on-site as well as remote operation are possible.

Foundation Fieldbus (FF) protocol

A maximum of 32 transmitters (standard or hazardous) can be connected to the bus.

For intrinsically safe circuits, the maximum number of transmitters depends on the

established rules and standards for intrinsically safe circuits (EN 60070-14) and proof

of instrinsic safety. Both on-site and remote operation are possible.

PLC

Micropilot

Prosonic

FXA 193

Additional

functions

(valves, etc.)

ToF Tool

Levelflex

Operating and

display module

VaU 331

Segment coupler

PROFIBUS-DP

PROFIBUS-PA

Personal computer

e.t.with Commuwin II

or ToF Tool and

Profibard (Proficard)

Additional

functions

(valves, etc.)

Micropilot

Prosonic

FXA 193

Personal computer

e.g. with

NI-FBUS configurator

Power supply

Power conditioner T

ToF Tool

Levelflex

Operating and

display module

VaU 331

Prosonic M

Endress+Hauser

Input

Measured variable The distance D between the sensor membrane and the product surface is measured

(page 2). Using the linearization function, the device uses D to calculate:

• Level L in any units

• Volume V in any units

• Flow Q across measuring weirs or open channels in any units

The measuring range is limited by the range of a sensor. The sensor range is, in turn,

dependent on operating conditions. The diagram below defines the effect that echo

attenuation has on the sensor’s measuring range. The ideal echo attenuation curves

for each sensor are shown in the diagram. A number of echo attenuation sources that

affect proper sensor selection are shown in the table.

1. Determine which of the influences shown are appropriate for your process.

2. Add the corresponding attenuation values.

3. From the total attenuation, use the diagram to calculate the sensor range.

Measuring range

Operating frequency Sensor FMU 40 FMU 41 FMU 43

Frequency approx. 70 kHz approx. 50 kHz approx. 35 kHz

Pulse frequency • 2-wire devices, maximum 0.5 Hz

• 4-wire devices, maximum 2 Hz

The exact values are dependent on the type of device and supply voltage.

FMU 40

FMU 41

FMU 43

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Temperature difference between

sensor and surface

Example (for FMU 43)

Approximate range = 15.5 ft.

Dust-covered rubble

Medium dust development

Not in filling curtain

Temperature differential < 68°F

Approximate dB

60 dB

Fluid surface

Calm

Waves

Strong turbulence (agitators, etc.)

Foaming

Bulk material surface

Hard, rough (e.g.rubble)

Soft (e.g.peat, dust-covered clinker)

Filling curtain in detection range

None

Smalll quantities

Large quantities

To 68°F (20°C)

To 104°F (40°C)

To 176°F (80°C)

Dust

No dust formation

Little dust formation

Heavy dust formation

Attenuation

0 dB

5 to 10 dB

10 to 20 dB

Consult factory

Attenuation

40 dB

40 to 60 dB

Attenuation

0 dB

5 dB

5 to 20 dB

Attenuation

0 dB

5 to 10 dB

10 to 40 dB

Attenuation

0 dB

5 to 10 dB

10 to 20 dB

15.5

Attenuation / dB

range in feet

Prosonic M

Endress+Hauser 5

Output

Output signal • 4 to 20 mA with HART®protocol

• Profibus-PA

• Foundation Fieldbus (FF)

Signal on alarm Error information can be accessed via the following interfaces:

• On-site display (error symbol, error code and plain text description)

• Current output (configurable)

• Digital interface

Minimum load for HART®communication, 250Ω

Freely selectable, 0 to 255 seconds

The linearization function of the Prosonic M allows conversion of the measured value

into any unit of length or volume. In open channels or measuring weirs, it is also

possible to linearize the flow. Linearization tables for calculating volume in horizontal

cylindrical tanks are preprogrammed. You can also enter any number of other tables

containing up to 32 value pairs either manually or semi-automatically (by filling the

vessel under controlled conditions). You can use the ToF Tool operating program to

calculate the table automatically for any tank form and then enter it into the device.

Load HART®

Output damping

Linearization

Power supply

Terminal compartment

In the F 12 housing, the terminals are located underneath the housing cover. In the

T 12 housing, they are under the cover of the separate terminal compartment.

• For the Foundation Fieldbus version, a 7/8” plug connector is available.

• For the Profibus-PA version, an M12 plug connector is available

Both versions are supplied fully wired.

1 2 341 2 34

Sealed terminal

compartment

F 12 Housing T 12 Housing

Foundation Fieldbus 7/8" plug Profibus M 12 plug

Fieldbus plug connector

Prosonic M

Endress+Hauser

Terminal assignment 4 to 20 mA with HART®, 2-wire 4 to 20 mA with HART®, active,

4-wire

• Connect the connecting line to the screw terminals (up to 18 AWG) in the terminal

compartment

• Use 2-wire twisted pair cable with shield for the connection

• Units are internally protected against reverse polarity, RFI and over-voltage peaks

PROFIBUS-PA Foundation Fieldbus

The digital communication signal is transmitted to the bus via a 2-wire connection.

The bus also provides the auxiliary power. Please use 2-wire twisted pair cable with

shield. Refer to the following operating manuals for information on cable types, and

how to set and ground the network:

• BA 198F/00/en “PROFIBUS-DP/-PA: Guidelines for planning and commissioning”

• BA 013S/04/en “Foundation Fieldbus, Installation and Commissioning Guidelines”

• Cable gland: M20x1.5, recommended cable diameter 0.23” to 0.39” (6 to 10 mm)

• Cable entry 1/2” NPT or G 1/2

• PROFIBUS-PA M12 plug

• Foundation Fieldbus 7/8” plug

Cable entry

1234

L- L+ I+ I-

Test sockets

(via interlock diode)

Plant

ground

Commubox

FXA 191

DXR 275

Communication

resistor

(> 250 )Ω

Power:

4 to 20 mA

alternative

PA+ PA- 3412

T-Box

Plant

ground

FF+ FF-

1234

Plant

ground

56 12

N/L-

L1/L+

I+ I-

Plant

ground

Commubox

FXA 191

DXR 275

Communication

resistor

(> 250 )Ω

Auxiliary

power

alternative

AC / DC

0 to 20 mA

Power supply The following values are the voltages across the terminals directly at the instrument.

Version Current

consumption Terminal voltage

Min. Max.

2-wire HART

4-wire

Fixed current

(measured value

transmitted by HART)

Standard

4 mA

20 mA

11 mA

14 V

10 V

10.5 VDC 32 VDC

90 VAC 253 VAC

36 V

30 V

4 mA

20 mA

4 mA

20 mA

14 V

11 V

30 V

Prosonic M

Endress+Hauser 7

Power consumption 2-wire, 51 mW to 800 mW

4-wire AC, maximum 7W

4-wire DC FMU 40/41, 330 mW to 830 mW

4-wire DC FMU 43, 600 mW to 1 W

HART®, 3.6 to 22 mA

PROFIBUS-PA, maximum 13 mA

Foundation Fieldbus, maximum 15 mA

47 to 125 Hz: Vpp = 200 mV (measured at 500 W)

500 Hz to 10 kHz: Vrms = 2.2 mV (measured at 500 W)

With 4-wire units, the evaluation electronics and power supply voltage are

galvanically isolated from each other

Current consumption (2-wire units)

HART®ripple

Maximum noise HART®

Galvanic isolation

Performance characteristics

• Temperature = 68°F (20°C)

• Pressure = 14.7 psia (1013 mbar abs.)

• Humidity = 50%

• Ideal reflective surface (calm, smooth fluid surface)

• No interference reflections within signal beam area

• Set application parameters:

Tank shape = flat ceiling

Medium property = liquid

Process conditions = calm surface

Typical specifications for reference operating conditions (include linearity,

repeatability, and hysteresis):

FMU 40 / 41: ± 0.08” (2 mm) or 0.2% of set measuring range, which ever is greater

FMU 43: ± 0.15” (4 mm) or 0.2% of set measuring range, which ever is greater

FMU 40 / 41: 0.04” (1 mm)

FMU 43: 0.08” (2 mm)

The reaction time depends on the parameter settings (minimum 0.5 seconds for

4-wire devices, minimum 2 seconds for 2-wire devices)

Reference operating conditions

Measuring error

Measured value resolution

Reaction time

Prosonic M

Endress+Hauser

Installation conditions

FMU 40/41 installation variants

FMU 43 installation variants

ENDRESS+HAUSER

ProsonicM

Installation with counter nut

Installation with extension bracket Installation with adapter flange

Counter nut supplied

for G 1-1/2 and G2

instruments

EPDM sealing

ring supplied

EPDM sealing

ring supplied

Nozzle

Sensor

Adapter flange

Installation with sleeve

ENDRESS+HAUSER

Prosonic M

Non-hazardous area

Hazardous area or non-hazardous

Sensor

Nozzle

Slip-on flange

Installation with

universal slip-on flange Installation with

mounting bracket

Prosonic M

Endress+Hauser 9

Installation conditions for level

measurement

• Do not install the sensor in the middle of the tank (3). Mounting distance between

vessel wall and sensor (1) should be 1/6 of the tank diameter.

• Use a protective cover (see accessories, page 18), to protect the sensor from rain

or direct sunlight (2).

• Avoid measurements in the filling stream area (4).

• Make sure that equipment (5) such as limits swtiches, temperature sensors, etc.

are not located in the beam angle α. In particular, symmetrical equipment (6) such

as heating coils, baffles, stationary ladder rungs etc. can influence measurement.

• Align the sensor so that it is vertical to the product surface (7).

• Never install two ultrasonic measuring devices in the same vessel, as the two

signals may affect each other.

• To estimate the transmitted echo beam and its detection range, use the 3 dB

emitting angle α(see Figure above).

Installation in narrow shafts In narrow shafts with strong interference

echoes, we recommend using an

ultrasound guide pipe (e.g. PE or PVC

wastewater pipe) with a minimum

diameter of 4” (100 mm). Make sure that

the pipe does not accumulate dirt, clean

pipe at regular intervals.

234

1/6D

LSensor 11°

11°

6°

16 ft (5 m)

26 ft (8 m)

50 ft (15 m)

FMU 40

FMU 41

FMU 43

18.9" (480 mm)

30.3" (770 mm)

31.1" (790 mm)

r = L tan

ENDRESS+HAUSER

ProsonicMProsonicM ENDRESS+HAENDRESS+HAUSERUSER

ProsonicMProsonicM

Venting

hole

Prosonic M

Endress+Hauser

Installation conditions for flow

measurements • Install the Prosonic M at the inflow side, as close above the maximum water

level Hmax as possible, plus the blocking distance BD.

• Position the Prosonic M in the middle of the channel or weir.

• Align the sensor membrane parallel to the water surface.

• Keep to the installation distance of the channel or weir.

• The “Flow to Level” linearization curve (“Q/h curve”) can be entered using the

ToF Tool or manually via the on-site display.

Example: Khafagi-Venturi flume

Blocking distance with nozzle

installation

Install the Prosonic M at a height so that the blocking distance BD is not interferred

with, even at the maximum fill level. Usa a pipe nozzle if you cannot maintain the

sensor blocking distance in any other way. The interior of the nozzle must be smooth

and cannot contain any edges or welded joints. In particular, remove any burr on the

inside of the tank side nozzle end. Note the specified limits for nozzle diameter to

length. Nozzles which extend into the vessel should be cut at an angle of 45° to

minimize echo disturbances.

Caution !

The sensor may malfunction if the blocking distance is not above the maximum level.

NOTE: In order to prevent the level from entering the blocking distance, a safety

distance (SD) can be specified. If the level is within the safety distance, the Prosonic

outputs a warning or alarm message.

Khafagi -Venturi - flume

1 x b

max

inflow

direction of flow

outflow

FMU 40/41 FMU 43

FMU 40

D (mm) max. L (mm)

FMU 41

1.97" (50)

3.15" (80)

3.94" (100)

3.15" (80)

3.94" (100)

9.84" (250)

15.7" (400)

23.6" (600)

16 ft (5 m)

26 ft (8 m)

50 ft (15 m)

6.5 ft (2 m)

11.5 ft (3.5 m)

23 ft (7 m)

D > approx.3.94" (100)

L < approx.11.8" (300)

approx. 3.15" (80)

approx. 7.87" (200)

approx. 9.84 (250)

approx. 7.87" (200)

approx. 9.84 (250)

FMU 43

Sensor BD Max. range

in liquids Max. range

in solids

FMU 40

FMU 41

FMU 43

BD: Blocking Distance

SD: Safety Distance

E: Empty calibration

F: Full calibration (span)

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