Apogee Instruments SP-110 User manual

APOGEE INSTRUMENTS, INC. 721 WEST 1800 NORTH, LOGAN, UTAH 84321, USA

TEL: (435) 792-4700 FAX: (435) 787-8268 WEB: APOGEEINSTRUMENTS.COM

OWNER’S MANUAL

PYRANOMETER

Model SP-110 and SP-230

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY……………………………..……………………. 3

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………….. 4

SENSOR MODELS....................................................................... 5

SPECIFICATIONS……………………………………………………………………………. 6

DEPLOYMENT AND INSTALLATION……………………………………………….. 9

OPERATION AND MEASUREMENT……………………………………..…………. 10

MAINTENANCE AND RECALIBRATION………………………………….......... 14

TROUBLESHOOTING AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT…………………………… 16

RETURN POLICY AND WARRANTY…………………………………………………. 17

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

CE and ROHS Certificate of Compliance

We Apogee Instruments, Inc.

721 W 1800 N

Logan, Utah 84321

USA

Declare under our sole responsibility that the products:

Models: SP-110, SP-230

Type: Pyranometer

are in conformity with the following standards and relevant EC directives:

Emissions: EN 61326-1:2013

Immunity: EN 61326-1:2013

Safety: EN 61010-1:2010

EU directive 2004/108/EC, EMC

EU directive 2002/95/EC, RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances)

EU directive 2011/65/EU, RoHS2

Please be advised that based on the information available to us from our raw material suppliers, the

products manufactured by us do not contain, as intentional additives, any of the restricted materials

including cadmium, hexavalent chromium, lead, mercury, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB),

polybrominated diphenyls (PBDE).

Further note that Apogee Instruments does not specifically run any analysis on our raw materials or end

products for the presence of these substances, but rely on the information provided to us by our material

suppliers.

Bruce Bugbee

President

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

June 2013

INTRODUCTION

Solar radiation at Earth’s surface is typically defined as total radiation across a wavelength range of 280 to

4000 nm (shortwave radiation). Total solar radiation, direct beam and diffuse, incident on a horizontal

surface is defined as global shortwave radiation, or shortwave irradiance (incident radiant flux), and is

expressed in Watts per square meter (W m-2, equal to Joules per second per square meter).

Pyranometers are sensors that measure global shortwave radiation. Apogee SP series pyranometers are

silicon-cell pyranometers, and are only sensitive to a portion of the solar spectrum, approximately 350-

1100 nm (approximately 80 % of total shortwave radiation is within this range). However, silicon-cell

pyranometers are calibrated to estimate total shortwave radiation across the entire solar spectrum.

Silicon-cell pyranometer specifications compare favorably to specifications for World Meteorological

Organization (WMO) moderate and good quality classifications and specifications for International

Organization of Standardization (ISO) second class and first class classifications, but because of limited

spectral sensitivity, they do not meet the spectral specification necessary for WMO or ISO certification.

Typical applications of silicon-cell pyranometers include incoming shortwave radiation measurement in

agricultural, ecological, and hydrological weather networks, and solar panel arrays.

Apogee Instruments SP series pyranometers consist of a cast acrylic diffuser (filter), photodiode, and

signal processing circuitry mounted in an anodized aluminum housing, and a cable to connect the sensor

to a measurement device. Sensors are potted solid with no internal air space and are designed for

continuous total shortwave radiation measurement on a planar surface in outdoor environments. SP series

sensors output an analog voltage that is directly proportional to total shortwave radiation from the sun.

The voltage signal from the sensor is directly proportional to radiation incident on a planar surface (does

not have to be horizontal), where the radiation emanates from all angles of a hemisphere.

SENSOR MODELS

Apogee SP series pyranometer models covered in this manual are un-amplified versions that provide a

voltage output, models SP-110 and SP-230. Amplified models, which provide larger voltage signals, and

models that provide a current output, 4-20 milliamps, are also available; see manuals for SP-212 and SP-

215 pyranometers or SP-214 pyranometers.

Sensor model number, serial number,

production date, and calibration factor are

located near the pigtail leads on the sensor

cable.

SPECIFICATIONS

Power Supply:

SP-230 integrated heaters: 12 VDC with a nominal current draw of 15 mA

Sensitivity:

0.20 mV per W m-2

Calibration Factor:

5.0 W m-2 per mV (reciprocal of sensitivity)

Calibration Uncertainty:

± 5 % (see Calibration Traceability below)

Measurement Repeatability:

< 1 %

Non-stability (Long-term Drift):

< 2 % per year

Non-linearity:

< 1 % (up to 1750 W m-2)

Response Time:

< 1 ms

Field of View:

180o

Spectral Range:

360 nm to 1120 nm (wavelengths where response is 10 % of maximum; see Spectral

Response below)

Directional (Cosine) Response:

± 5 % at 75ozenith angle (see Cosine Response below)

Temperature Response:

-0.04 ± 0.04 % per C (see Temperature Response below)

Operating Environment:

-40 to 70 C

0 to 100 % relative humidity

Can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m

Dimensions:

2.40 cm diameter and 2.75 cm height

Mass:

90 g (with 5 m of lead wire)

Cable:

5 m of shielded, twisted-pair wire.

Additional cable available in multiples of 5 m

Santoprene rubber jacket (high water resistance, high UV stability, flexibility in cold conditions)

Pigtail lead wires

Calibration Traceability:

Apogee Instruments SP series pyranometers are calibrated through side-by-side comparison to the mean

of four Apogee model SP-110 transfer standard pyranometers (shortwave radiation reference) under high

intensity discharge metal halide lamps. The transfer standard pyranometers are calibrated through side-

by-side comparison to the mean of at least two ISO-classified reference pyranometers under sunlight

(clear sky conditions) in Logan, Utah. Each of four ISO-classified reference pyranometers are recalibrated

on an alternating year schedule (two instruments each year) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory

(NREL) in Golden, Colorado. NREL reference standards are calibrated to the World Radiometric

Reference (WRR) in Davos, Switzerland.

Spectral Response:

Temperature response:

Mean temperature response of ten

Apogee silicon-cell pyranometers (

errors

bars represent two standard

deviations above and below mean

Temperature response measurements

were made at 10 C intervals across a

temperature range of approximately -10

to 40 C in a temperature controlled

chamber under a fixed, broad spectrum,

electric lamp. At each temperature set

point, a spectroradiometer was used to

measure light intensity from the lamp

and all pyranometers were compared to

the spectroradiometer. The

spectroradiometer was mounted

external to the temperature control

chamber and remained at room

temperature during the experiment.

Spectral response estimate of Apogee

silicon-cell pyranometers. Spectral

response was estimated by multiplying the

spectral response of the photodiode,

diffuser, and adhesive. Spectral response

measurements of diffuser and adhesive

were made with a spectrometer, and

spectral response data for the photodiode

were obtained from the manufacturer.

Cosine Response:

Mean cosine response of eleven Apogee

silicon-cell pyranometers (

error bars

represent two standard deviations

above and below mean

). Cosine

response measurements were made

during broadband outdoor radiometer

calibrations (BORCAL) performed during

two different years at the National

Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in

Golden, Colorado. Cosine response was

calculated as the relative difference of

pyranometer sensitivity at each solar

zenith angle to sensitivity at 45° solar

zenith angle. The blue symbols are AM

measurements, the red symbols are PM

measurements.

Directional, or cosine, response is defined

as the measurement error at a specific

angle of radiation incidence. Error for

Apogee silicon-cell pyranometers is

approximately ± 2 % and ± 5 % at solar

zenith angles of 45°and 75°, respectively.

DEPLOYMENT AND INSTALLATION

Mount the sensor to a solid surface with the nylon mounting screw provided. To accurately measure total

shortwave radiation incident on a horizontal surface, the sensor must be level. An Apogee Instruments

model AL-100 leveling plate is recommended for this purpose. To facilitate mounting on a cross arm, an

Apogee Instruments model AM-110 mounting bracket is recommended.

To minimize azimuth error, the sensor should be mounted

with the cable pointing toward true north in the northern

hemisphere or true south in the southern hemisphere.

Azimuth error is typically less than 1 %, but it is easy to

minimize by proper cable orientation.

In addition to orienting the cable to point toward the nearest pole, the sensor should also be mounted

such that obstructions (e.g., weather station tripod/tower or other instrumentation) do not shade the

sensor.

Once mounted, the green cap should be removed from the sensor.

The green cap can be

used as a protective covering for the sensor when it is not in use.

OPERATION AND MEASUREMENT

Connect the sensor to a measurement device (meter, datalogger, controller) capable of measuring and

displaying or recording a millivolt (mV) signal (an input measurement range of approximately 0-250 mV is

required to cover the entire range of total shortwave radiation from the sun). In order to maximize

measurement resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, the input range of the measurement device should

closely match the output range of the pyranometer.

SP-110: The sensor is self-powered and applying voltage will damage the sensor.

SP-230: Only apply voltage to the integrated heaters. The sensor is self-powered and applying

voltage will damage the sensor.

All Apogee un-amplified pyranometer models have a standard calibration factor of exactly:

5.0 W m-2 per mV

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