Adec MetOne 1020 Manual

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

FOR

MetOne Instruments

BETA ATTENUATION MASS (BAM) MONITOR

MODEL 1020

Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation

Division of Air Quality

410 Willoughby Avenue Suite 303

P.O. Box 111800

Juneau, Alaska 99801-1800

Date: Revision 1

August 27, 2009

Met One BAM 1020 SOP page 2 of 53

Acknowledgement

The Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Air Quality wants to thank

the State of California, Air Resources Board (CARB) for providing a template for this Standard

of Operating Procedures. The main body of text was taken from the CARB Air Monitoring

Quality Assurance, Monitoring and Laboratory Division’s SOP, dated May 2001 and altered and

amended to fit the State of Alaska’s needs.

Met One BAM 1020 SOP page 3 of 53

Table of Contents

Acknowledgement ____________________________________________________________ 2

Table of Contents_____________________________________________________________ 3

List of Figure ________________________________________________________________ 4

1GENERAL INFORMATION _______________________________________________ 5

1.1 Introduction: ______________________________________________________________ 5

1.2 Principle of Operation: ______________________________________________________ 5

1.3 Safety Precautions: _________________________________________________________ 5

1.4 Interferences/Limitations: ___________________________________________________ 5

2INSTALLATION PROCEDURE ____________________________________________ 6

2.1 List of Tools/Supplies:_______________________________________________________ 6

2.2 Physical Inspection _________________________________________________________ 7

2.3 Siting: ____________________________________________________________________ 7

2.4 Installing BAM-1020 Central Unit: ____________________________________________ 8

2.5 Drilling Inlet Tube Hole:_____________________________________________________ 8

2.6 Attaching Inlet Support Hardware: ___________________________________________ 9

2.7 Tape Loading______________________________________________________________ 9

2.8 Pump Connection:_________________________________________________________ 10

2.9 Outside Temperature (OT) Connection:_______________________________________ 10

3INSTALLATION PROCEDURE ___________________________________________ 10

3.1 Configure BAM-1020:______________________________________________________ 10

4START SAMPLING _____________________________________________________ 12

5ROUTINE SERVICE CHECKS____________________________________________ 12

5.1 General Information _______________________________________________________ 12

5.2 Daily Checks______________________________________________________________ 12

5.3 Weekly Checks____________________________________________________________ 13

5.4 Biweekly Checks __________________________________________________________ 13

5.5 Monthly Checks___________________________________________________________ 13

5.6 Quarterly Checks__________________________________________________________ 13

5.7 Semiannual Checks ________________________________________________________ 13

6MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES__________________________________________ 16

6.1 General Information _______________________________________________________ 16

6.2 Sampler Maintenance ______________________________________________________ 16

6.3 PM2.5 Sharp Cut Cyclone (SCC) Maintenance__________________________________ 16

Met One BAM 1020 SOP page 4 of 53

6. PM10 Inlet Maintenance_______________________________________________________ 16

7TROUBLESHOOTING___________________________________________________ 16

7.1 General Information _______________________________________________________ 16

8Acceptance Test Procedures _______________________________________________ 17

8.1 General Information and Acceptance Test Log _________________________________ 17

8.2 Physical Inspection ________________________________________________________ 17

8.3 Operational Checks________________________________________________________ 17

8.4 Perform Operational Checks: _______________________________________________ 18

9Calibration Procedures ___________________________________________________ 19

9.1 Background and General Information ________________________________________ 19

9.1.1 Introduction____________________________________________________________ 19

9.1.2 Overview ______________________________________________________________ 19

9.1.3 Apparatus for BAM-1020 Calibration ______________________________________ 19

9.1.4 General Information_______________________________ Error! Bookmark not defined.

9.2 Calibrations ______________________________________________________________ 20

9.2.1 Calibration Transfer Standards and Equipment:_________________________________ 20

9.2.3 Temperature Sensor Calibration (OT): ________________________________________ 20

9.2.4 Barometric Pressure Sensor Calibration: ______________________________________ 21

9.2.5 Volumetric Flow Rate Calibration ___________________________________________ 21

9.3 BAM-1020 Verification Procedures___________________________________________ 22

9.3.1 Flow Rate Verification:____________________________________________________ 22

9.3.2 Temperature Sensor Verification ____________________________________________ 23

9.3.3 Barometric Pressure Verification:____________________________________________ 24

9.3.4 Clock/Timer Verification:__________________________________________________ 24

10 Data Validation

10.1 BAM 1020 Data Validation Proceedure

1111.0 BAM 1020 FEM

Tech Notes

Tech note # 1 – BAM Removal

Tech note # 2 – Calibration Procedure

Tech note # 3 – Temperature Sensor Installation

Tech note # 4 – Filter Motion

Tech note # 5 – BAM Pump Manual

Tech note # 6 – Verifying External Data Logger

Tech note # 7 – Data down loads

List of Figure

Met One BAM 1020 SOP page 5 of 53

1 GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Introduction:

The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to document the Met One Beta

Attenuation Mass Monitor, model 1020 (BAM-1020) procedures used by the State of Alaska

Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC). The goal of this SOP is twofold; to

formalize BAM-1020 installation, configuration and operation procedures in order to ensure

comparability among all BAM-1020 data, and to describe information and modifications to the

Met One BAM-1020 Operation Manual necessary to successfully integrate the BAM-1020 into

the ADEC air monitoring network. The Met One Instrument's BAM-1020 Operation Manual

contains a significant source of information pertinent to the operation, maintenance and understanding

of this instrument. This manual is frequently referenced throughout this SOP and should be included

as an appendix for this document. For the purposes of this SOP, the BAM 1020-9800 Rev E was used.

1.2 Principle of Operation:

The BAM-1020 measures and records hourly particulate mass concentrations in ambient air. The

unit consists of three basic components; the central unit, the sampling pump and the sampling

inlet hardware. Each component is self-contained and may be easily disconnected for servicing

and replacement.

The BAM-1020 uses beta ray attenuation to calculate collected particle mass concentrations in

units of ug/m3. A14C element (<60 µCi) emits a constant source of high-energy electrons, also

known as beta particles. The beta rays are attenuated as they collide with particles collected on a

filter tape. The decrease in signal detected by the BAM-1020 scintillation counter is inversely

proportional to the mass loading on the filter tape. A more detailed description of the “Principle

of Operation” can be found on page 18 of the BAM 1020 Operation Manual.

1.3 Safety Precautions:

Only properly trained personnel should perform BAM-1020 testing, installation, operation,

maintenance and calibration procedures. As with all monitoring equipment, precautions should be

taken when working around electricity, power tools and on elevated platforms.

The 14C radioactive source should never be dismantled, removed or tampered with. It will never

be necessary for any field personnel to adjust, replace or touch the 14C source. All 14C issues will be

handled by the manufacturer either under warrantee or at ADEC cost. When working close to the 14C

beta source for any length of time, the wearing of long sleeves and laboratory gloves may help reduce

possible exposure to 14C beta rays.

The US EPA Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) allows no more than ten (10) BAM-1020 units

at any one facility at one time. There are NO restrictions or special requirements (such as

licenses or permits) to ship, receive or operate a BAM-1020 monitor within the State of Alaska.

1.4 Interferences/Limitations:

Moisture: The Met One BAM-1020 is a mass analyzer, and therefore any component that is

suspended on the filter tape and attenuates beta rays will subsequently affect the average mass

Met One BAM 1020 SOP page 6 of 53

value for that hour. To date, all ADEC purchased BAM-1020 monitors currently include or are in

the process of being upgraded with an inlet heater kit. This heater kit is crucial for most

applications throughout the State of Alaska. When the BAM-1020 internal relative humidity

sensor detects inlet moisture content > 55% RH, the inlet heater will activate. Heat is applied to the

inlet tube warming the inlet air ~ 3-5 OC above the ambient air temperature. The slight elevation

in temperature prevents inlet air moisture from condensing on the filter tape. The internal inlet

%RH sensor is only used as a triggering device and should not be used or confused with external

%RH data.

Reference Membrane: The reference membrane values generated during each hourly cycle are

instrument drift values, not to be confused with span values. All BAM-1020 monitors purchased

by the ADEC possess a reference membrane. Each ADEC BAM-1020 monitor should be deployed

with a Met One BAM-1020 Operation Manual that is unique to that instrument. Page 80, Appendix

B of the BAM-1020 manual lists the calibration and membrane values specific to the serial number

of the instrument indicated. The density of the reference membrane for any particular BAM-1020 is

listed on the line labeled "ABS", a value typically between 0.800 to 0.850 mg/cm2. Each hour, this

membrane is automatically positioned in the beta path and analyzed for instrument drift. The

analysis of this membrane is integrated and displayed on the BAM-1020 display screen as "LAST

m:" during the following hour. The purpose of the membrane is only to monitor instrument drift

from factory calibrations. The "LAST m:" value should not be used or confused with instrument span

values. The BAM-1020 does not have the capability to analyze or report any span value

information. If a "LAST m:" value differs more than +/- 5% from expected, then the mass data

for that hour should appear flagged with a “D” (Deviant Membrane Density). This would indicate

that the Reference Membrane was out of limits by more than +/- 5%.

2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

The BAM-1020 Installation procedure has been separated into the following nine (9) areas. Each

area is described in further detail.

1. List of tools/supplies

2. Physical Inspection.

3. Siting.

4. Installing BAM-1020 Central Unit.

5. Drilling Inlet Tube Hole.

6. Attaching Inlet Support Hardware.

7. Tape Loading.

8. Pump Connection.

9. Outside Temperature (OT) Connection.

2.1 List of Tools/Supplies:

1. Hole saw/bits (1 3/8" and 2 1/4").

2. Weather proof silicone or roof sealant.

3. 2 conductor cable (min. AWG 20 gauge).

4. Tape (i.e. Scotch or masking).

5. 4 lag screws adequate for roof mounting plate.

6. Rack mounting screws.

Met One BAM 1020 SOP page 7 of 53

7. Tools that include drill, screwdriver and socket set.

8. Certified flow standard capable of measuring 16.7 L/min.

9. Certified temperature and pressure standard

2.2 Physical Inspection

Upon receipt of a BAM-1020, inspect equipment and accessories for completeness and for

shipping damage. If shortage or damage is found, immediately notify your supervisor and/or your

agency's shipping department.

NOTE: The BAM-1020 should never be moved unless the two hard foam packing rings (referred

to as donuts) are placed around the transport rollers. Failure to install the donuts can cause

severe damage to the instrument.

List of BAM-1020 Components:

1. BAM-1020 central unit.

2. Vacuum pump.

3. Inlet Tubing.

4. PM10 FRM Inlet.

5. PM2.5 Sharp Cut Cyclone (SCC) Inlet.

6. Pump tubing and wiring.

7. Heater Kit.

8. Inlet Support Brackets.

9. Outside Temperature Sensor.

2.3 Siting:

The BAM monitor has specific physical requirements that should be considered prior to installation.

The BAM-1020 central unit and pump is neither waterproof nor water-resistant and must be

protected from moisture. The BAM-1020 was designed to operate in a temperature-controlled

enclosure between 0 °C and 40 °C, and where the relative humidity is not condensing and does

not exceed 90%. All ADEC BAM-1020 monitors will be deployed inside a weather-proof and

temperature controlled structure.

In general, when choosing the location for BAM-1020 monitor, it may help to consider the

following items:

1. Inlet radius clearance: The BAM-1020 inlet must have a one (1) meter radius free of any

objects that may influence air flow characteristics, including the air flow radius of another

instrument. For example, if a BAM-1020 is to be installed at a station with another BAM-

1020 or a PM2.5 FRM filter sampler, the inlets of each sampler must be no less than two (1)

meters apart from each other. If installing near a PM10 SSI HiVol sampler, then the distance

between the inlets of the BAM-1020 and the HiVol must be no less than three (2) meters.

These distances are Federal EPA requirements (40 CFR Part 58).

2. Inlet height: The height of the inlet should be equal to the height of the federal reference

method filter samplers such as the PM10 head on the PM2.5 FRM or the large round PM10

impactor on the SSI HiVol.

3. Distance between BAM-1020 and station ceiling: A minimum distance of at least eight

(8) inches is required between the top of the BAM-1020 and ceiling. This distance is

necessary to safely accommodate the inlet heater kit and insulation.

Met One BAM 1020 SOP page 8 of 53

4. Heater Kit: The inlet heater kit includes a heater block that slides over the lower end of the

inlet tube (inside the station). When installed, the heater will cover approximately four

(4) inches in length of the inlet tube. The installed heater should be a minimum of two (2)

inches away from any object at either end of the heater, such as the instrument rack or ceiling.

These measurements suggest that the minimum distance between the BAM-1020 central

unit and the ceiling should be NO less than eight (8) inches.

5. Inlet: The straight, vertical inlet tubing of the BAM-1020 limits the placement of the

BAM-1020 central unit. The BAM-1020 inlet tubing is a 1 5/16" OD, 8' long rigid

aluminum tube. The lower end of the inlet tube inserts directly into the top of the BAM-1020

housing, the other end points horizontally upward through all roofing material and above

the roof line. The selected particle size inlet(s) are mounted on the upper end of the inlet

tube. The BAM-1020 FRM PM10 head should be installed so that its height is equal to the

same inlet height of the PM2.5 FRM or HiVol SSI filter sampler heads. In addition, the

sampler inlet must be between 2 meters above the roof line and between 2 to 15 meters above

the ground. Provisions must be made during installation to allow future removal,

maintenance and re-installation of all equipment.

6. Specifications: Specifications for siting a BAM-1020 will mirror the Federal EPA PM2.5

criteria listed in the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR, Part 58).

2.4 Installing BAM-1020 Central Unit:

The BAM-1020 can be rack mounted, placed on a table, shelf or other flat surface. As with all

instrumentation installations, the racks, table or fixture must be secure and the overall installation

must protect both the instrument and personnel.

Because the BAM-1020 connector fitting for the inlet tube is located on top of the BAM-1020

central unit, installation of the BAM-1020 does not allow for other instruments to be mounted

above it. However the BAM-1020 is installed, space for the vertical position of the inlet tube must be

taken into account.

2.5 Drilling Inlet Tube Hole:

Applications may vary due to structural and material makeup. Forethought may help alleviate

problems and frustration. After locating a suitable place for the BAM-1020 monitor, the holes for

the BAM inlet tube can be drilled. Protect instruments from falling debris. The inlet support

hardware should include a rooftop mounting plate for stations with a flat roof. The mounting plate

has a circular ridge that protrudes beneath the surface and therefore a 2¼” diameter recess must

be made on top of the roof in order to accommodate the ridge.

Inside station ceiling hole: The hole on the inside of the station should only be large enough to

accommodate the outside diameter of the inlet tube. Use a 1 3/8" diameter hole saw. A plumb

bob can help locate the best position on the ceiling of air monitoring stations. Drill a 1 3/8" hole

vertically through the ceiling directly above the BAM-1020 monitor inlet spout. STOP drilling

when the tip of the guide bit just begins to poke through the top of the roof. The drill bit hole will be

used as a guide when drilling down from above and therefore do NOT drill a 1 3/8" hole all the way

through the roof.

Outside roof top hole: Relocate to the topside of the roof after drilling the 1 3/8" inside ceiling

hole from underneath (remember to only drill until the hole saw bit just pokes through the roof

top). Using the hole created by the guide drill of the 1 3/8” hole saw bit, drill downward with a 2 ¼”

Met One BAM 1020 SOP page 9 of 53

hole saw until the hole is deep enough to accommodate the roof mounting plate.

2.6 Attaching Inlet Support Hardware:

Affix the inlet mounting plate to the top of the roof with plenty of weatherproof sealant and four

adequate lag bolts. Attach the supplied inlet coupler to the mounting plate. Slide the inlet tube

through the coupler, plate, roof and ceiling. From inside the station, gently insert and seat the

bottom end of the inlet tube into the top of the BAM-1020 central unit. Test seal with water. Two

(2) additional lag screws, the two supplied inlet brackets and the single (1) supplied hose clamp

can be used to help support the inlet tube. The inlet(s) can now be attached to the top end of the

inlet tube.

2.7 Tape Loading

Loading the tape must be performed before accessing other BAM-1020 functions. A diagram of

the Filter Tape area can be found on page 33 of the BAM 1020-9800 Rev E Operator Manual.

Begin by lifting the pinch roller (the pin with the black roller located in the upper front of the

BAM) and locking the roller into position with the latch (located immediately to the left of the pinch

roller). Remove both clear spool caps by unscrewing the black knobs (bottom left and bottom right

spools). Unroll approximately 2-3 feet of tape and slide the roll on to the bottom right spool

(supply spool) of the BAM-1020. Position the supply spool so that as the tape unwinds on the

spool, the roll turns counter clockwise. The tape will 'S' around the two center rollers by feeding

around the left supply tension roller located just above and to the left of the supply spool, then around

the right side of the right end roller located slightly above and to the right of the tension roller. The

tape slides in the slit located between the source and detector, and between the pinch roller and

capstan shaft (the thin metal shaft located just below the pinch roller). 'S' the tape around the left side

of the left end roller (roller on the upper left), around the right side of the take-up tension roller

(just below and to the right), then secure the end of the filter tape onto the take-up spool (located

bottom left) with a small piece of Scotch tape. Wrap the filter tape approximately once around the

take-up spool. The left side tape configuration should be a mirror image of the right side.

Note: The take-up spool core will be removed with the used filter tape each time a new

filter is installed. The spool core that is left when each filter tape role is completely used up

should be moved from the right supply spool area to the left take-up spool area. Do not

connect the filter tape directly to the take-up spool wheel; this will require you to unwind

the complete filter tape the next time it is replaced.

Lift up on the pinch roller (the latch will automatically unlock). Gently lower the pinch roller

until it completely touches the filter tape against the capstan roller. Advance the tape about 10

spaces, then reverse the tape about 5 (this will help position the tape on to the rollers). Advance

the tape by:

1) Press the "TEST" soft key.

2) Using the right arrow key, move the cursor over to ‘TAPE' and press the

"SELECT" soft key.

3) With the up or down arrow keys, adjust the number on the 'FEED:' line until '10

MORE WINDOWS' is displayed.

Met One BAM 1020 SOP page 10 of 53

4) Press the "FWD" soft key

5) Wait until the 'X:' display reads '10 WINDOW (S)'

6) With the up or down arrow keys, adjust the number on the 'FEED:' line until '5

MORE WINDOWS' is displayed.

7) Press the "BKWD" soft key.

8) Visually check tape for binding, tears or other obvious problems. Wherever the tape

comes in contact with the rollers, the entire width of the tape should be on the

roller with a little bit of the roller's edge showing.

9) Press the "EXIT" soft key. The BAM-1020 tape is now loaded and adjusted.

2.8 Pump Connection:

The pump connects to the BAM-1020 with the supplied clear vacuum tube and 2-lead wire.

Pump wiring: Attach one end of the supplied 2-lead wire to the two inside terminals on the pump,

and the other end to the terminals on the rear of the BAM unit labeled 'PUMP CONTROL'.

Pump tubing: Insert one end of the supplied clear tubing to the only flow 'inlet' connector of the

pump, and the other end of the tubing to the only tube connector located to the lower rear of the

BAM unit. Push in each end of the tubing all the way, then pull back slightly to ensure a good seal.

The tubing should remain at least 6 feet in length to help reduce any possible flow fluctuations caused

by the pump.

2.9 Outside Temperature (OT) Connection:

All ADEC deployed BAM-1020 monitors will be configured for volumetric flow control. This

will require the installation of the supplied OT sensor. The BAM-1020 OT sensor must be

calibrated prior to the BAM-1020 monitor flow calibration.

Connect the four (4) OT thermister cable wires to the black input blocks on the back of the BAM 1020.

This temperature sensor must be attached to the terminal marked “Chan 6”. The yellow wire

connects to the screw marked “Sig”, the black/white wire connects to “Com”, the red wire

connects to “Power” and the Green wire connects to “ID”. A diagram of these connections can

be found on page 15 of the BAM 1020-9800 Rev E Operator Manual. The tables used to describe

the terminal connections can be found in appendix F, figure 61.

3 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

3.1 Configure BAM-1020:

Each BAM-1020 is calibrated at the factory and possesses unique calibration settings. The

correct settings for each individual BAM-1020 are located in Appendix B of the BAM-1020

Operation Manual.

After making changes, it is always important to exit out to the main menu and return back to check if

the changes were saved. If changes in the configuration have not been saved, the cause is often

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