HP LaserJet 9000 User manual

Native Language Support:

User's Guide

HP 9000

Computers

Native

Language

Support:

User's

Guide

HP 9000 Computers

Fli..-

HEWLETT

a:~

PACKARD

Part No. 82355-90036

Printed in

USA

August 1992

Third Edition

E0892

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Printing History

New editions

this manual will

incorporate

all

material

updated

since

the

previous edition.

The

manual

printing

date

and

part

number

indicate

its

current edition.

The

printing

date

changes when a new edition is printed. (Minor corrections

and

updates

which are incorporated

reprint do

not

cause

the

date

change.)

The

manual

part

number changes when extensive technical changes are

incorporated.

May 1990.

First

Edition

January

1991. Second Edition

• This edition

updates

the

previous document called Native Language Support

Concepts and Tutorials. This edition includes corrections

and

additions for

the

HP-UX 8.0 release.

Major

changes

and

additions include:

overview

Native Language Support; improved organization

improve access

information

a more logical sequence; addition

information

supported

codesets; expanded information

localizing

international

software; added

illustrations

simplify complex topics;

and

added

depth

and

coverage

may

topics.

August 1992.

Third

Edition

• This edition documents

the

addition

NLS

World

Portability

Interface

(WPI),

and

its

wide-character encoding. This is a standardized approach

(XPG4)

and

the

preferred approach.

iii

Contents

1. Overview

UNIX Background

....

The

NLS Concept

....

The

NLS Conceptual Model

Using

this

Manual

....

Typographical Conventions

This Manual

Related HP-UX

Manuals.

. . . . . . . . .

Introduction

NLS

Overview

Software Internationalization . . . . . . .

Components

Internationalizing

and

Localizing with NLS .

Internationalization . . . . .

Localization . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aspects

NLS

Support

. . . .

Character

and

Text Handling .

Data

Integrity . . . . . .

Character

Sets

and

Encoding

Character

Type

and

Conversion

Local Customs

and

Conventions

Numeric

Formatting.

. . . .

Monetary

Formatting

. . . . .

Display

Time

......

Display

Days, Weeks, Months

Collation.

. . . . .

Messages

...........

Language

Variations.

. . . . . .

Comparing Strings

and

Comparing Characters

Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-1

1-2

1-4

1-7

1-8

2-1

2-3

2-3 .

2-4

2-6

2-7

2-8

2-9

2-10

2-12

Contents-1

3. Using International Software

NLS

Environmental Variables

3-1

Default Values . . . . . 3-3

Setting your Environment . . . .

3-4

Setting Your Terminal . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Reference Information for Internationalized Commands 3-5

Internationalized Messages . . . . 3-6

Using Internationalized Commands . . . . . . . . . 3-6

4. Administering International Software

Finding

NLS

Files

.....

The

Default User Environment

Installing Message Catalogs

Installing Optional Locales .

Peripheral Configuration . . .

5. Localizing International Software

Localizing

the

User Environment

Localizing Message Catalogs

The C Locale Messages

Translating Messages

Translation Problems . . . . . .

Installing Localized Messages

Creating a Locale . . . . . .

Script Requirements for

localedef

Syntax

......

LC_ALL Subcategories

LC_COLLATE Subcategories

Single-Character Element

Multi-character Element .

Ellipsis Symbol . . . . .

UNDEFINED

Symbol . . . . . . .

LC_CTYPE

Subcategories .

LC_MESSAGES Subcategories

LC_MONETARY Subcategories

LC_NUMERIC Subcategories

LC_TIME Subcategories . . . .

Installing a Language Definition Table .

Contents-2

4-2

4-3

4-4

5-2

5-3

5-4

5-5

5-7

5-8

5-10

5-11

5-12

5-13

5-15

5-20

5-21

5-24

5-25

5-27

6. Developing International Software

General Programming Issues . . .

Aspects of International

Program

Design .

Other Aspects . . . .

Initializing

NLS.

. . . . . . .

Setting Program Locale . .

Retrieving Locale Information

Accessing Language Tables . .

Programming with

the

Worldwide Portability Interface

WPI

Interfaces . . . . . . . .

Character and String Processing . . . . .

Character Handling . . . . . . . . . .

Upshifting

and

Downshifting Characters .

Identifying Character Traits

Numeric

Formatting.

. . . . . . . . .

Date and Time

...........

Input

and

Output

Internationalized Programs

Printing

Formatted

Output

Reading Formatting

Input

. . . . . .

Using Flexible Formatting . . . . . .

Example program using wide characters.

Conversion of Existing Programs

Non-

WPI

Interfaces . . . . . . . .

Character and String Processing

Character Handling . . . . . .

Upshifting

and

Downshifting Characters

Identifying Character Traits

Numeric Formatting .

Date and Time . . .

Monetary Formatting

String Comparisons .

Guidelines for Creating Internationalized Programs

6-1

6-2

6-4

6-6

6-8

6-12

6-13

6-14

6-15

6-16

6-17

6-18

6-20

6-21

6-22

6-24

6-25

6-26

6-28

6-29

Contents-3

The

Message Catalog System

Creating

and

Using a Message Catalog System

7-2

Programming for Messages .

7-3

Opening a Message Catalog with catopen

7-3

Recommended Initialization 7-4

Path

and Naming Conventions

7-6

Retrieving Messages . 7-7

Closing a Message Catalog

7-8

Default Messages

7-8

Compiling

and

Linking

7-9

Creating

aNew

Message Catalog

7-9

The Message Text Source File

7-9

Compiling a Message Catalog .

7-11

An Example of Programming with Message Catalogs

7-11

Special Considerations for Messaging

7-12

Libraries with Messages

7-15

Conversion of Existing Programs for

NLS

Messaging 7-16

Step

Finding Strings

Program

7-17

Step

Removing Non-Messages from

the

Strings.

7-18

Step

Inserting catgets Calls 7-18

Step 4. Editing

the

Modified Source Program 7-20

Step 5. Editing

the

Message Text Source

File.

7-20

Step 6. Creating a Message Catalog . 7-20

Testing a Message Catalog

7-21

Installing a Message Catalog 7-22

Source Code Management 7-22

Keeping nl_prog.c Files 7-22

Multi-file Programs 7-22

Adding a Message

a Messaging Program . 7-23

Using "make" Files 7-24

Guidelines for Using Messaging 7-25

Contents-4

8. Advanced

NLS

Topics

Codeset Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The

Character

Conversion

Command-iconv(l)

Conversion

Routines-iconv(3C)

Processing Right-to-Left Languages .

Locale

Information

Initialization . . . . . . .

Special Locales . . . . .

Special Message Catalogs

Default Message Catalogs

Programs

That

Call exec .

Messaging:

printf/scanf

Data

Formatting

A. Special Topics

for

HP's 16-bit Interfaces

Aspects

Program

Design

Code Sets

............

Data

Integrity

. . . . . . . . . . .

Programming

with Multi-byte

Characters

Version #1 (Single-

Byte

Codesets)

Version

(Code

Set

Independent)

. .

Conversion of Existing

Programs

. . .

Guidelines for Processing Multi-byte

Data

B. Example

Internationalized Software

Example

Program

Using NLS Routines -

rtlcat

Include Files: . . . . . .

External

Declarations: .

Forward References:

General

Constants:

. .

Limits:

.....

Right-to-Left Terminal

Constants:

Error

Message Numbers:

Error

Message Strings: .

Types:

.....

Global Variables:

Main

Program:

Makefile

Example

8-1

8-2

8-6 .

8-8

8-10

8-11

8-12

A-2

A-3

A-5

A-6

A-8

A-9

A-I0

B-1

B-2

B-3

B-4

B-15

Contents-5

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