Epever Tracer2206AN User manual

Tracer-AN Series

——MPPT Solar Charge Controller

User Manual

Models:

Tracer1206AN/Tracer2206AN

Tracer1210AN/Tracer2210AN

Tracer3210AN/Tracer4210AN

Important Safety Instructions

Please save this manual for future review.

This manual contains safety, installation and operation for Maximum Power Point

Tracking (MPPT) Tracer AN series controller ("the controller" as referred to in this

manual).

General Safety Information

Read carefully all the instructions and warnings in the manual before installation.

No user serviceable components inside the controller. DO NOT disassemble or

attempt to repair the controller.

Mount the controller indoors. Prevent exposure to the elements and do not allow

water to enter the controller.

Install the controller in a well ventilated -place. The controller‟s heat sink may

become very hot during operation.

It is suggested to install appropriate external fuses/breakers.

Make sure to switch off all PV array connections and the battery fuse/breakers

before controller installation and adjustment.

Power connections must remain tight to avoid excessive heating from loose

connection.

CONTENTS

1. General Information........................................................................1

1.1 Overview.............................................. 1

1.2 Characteristics......................................... 2

1.3 Designations of Controller Models ........................ 3

1.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking Technology ............... 3

1.5 Battery Charging Stage ................................. 4

2. Installation Instructions .................................................................7

2.1 General Installation Notes ............................... 7

2.2 PV Array Requirements ................................. 7

2.3 Wire Size ............................................ 10

2.4 Mounting............................................. 11

3. Operation.......................................................................................14

3.1 Button ............................................... 14

3.2 Interface ............................................. 14

3.3 Setting............................................... 16

3.4 Accessories (optional) ................................. 21

4. Protections, Troubleshooting and Maintenance........................23

4.1 Protection............................................ 23

4.2 Troubleshooting....................................... 24

4.3 Maintenance ......................................... 24

5. Technical Specifications..............................................................26

Annex I Conversion Efficiency Curves...........................................28

Annex II Dimensions ........................................................................34

1. General Information

1.1 Overview

The Tracer AN series. Based on common negative design and advanced MPPT

control algorithm, with LCD displaying running status, this product is artistic,

economical and practical. Improving the MPPT control algorithm further, Tracer AN

series can minimize the maximum power point loss rate and loss time, quickly track

the maximum power point of the PV array and obtain the maximum energy from solar

modules under any conditions; and can increase the ratio of energy utilization in the

solar system by 10%-30% compared with a PWM charging method. The limitation

function of the charging power and current and reducing charging power function

automatic improve the stability which works even connecting oversize PV modules

and in high temperature, and increase the professional protection chip for the

communication port, further improving the reliability and meeting the different

application requirements.

With the adaptive three-stage charging mode based on a digital control circuit, Tracer

AN series controllers can effectively prolong the life-cycle of batteries, significantly

improve the system performance and support all-around electronic protection

functions, including overcharging and over discharging protection to minimize

damages to components of the system caused by incorrect installation or system

failure at the utmost, and effectively ensure safer and more reliable operation of the

solar power supply system for a longer service time. This modular solar controller can

be widely used for different applications, e.g., Communication base stations,

household systems, and field monitoring, etc.

Features：

Advanced MPPT technology, with efficiency no less than 99.5%

Ultra-fast tracking speed and guaranteed tracking efficiency

Advanced MPPT control algorithm to minimize the maximum power point loss

rate and loss time

Wide MPP operating voltage range

High quality components, perfecting system performance, with maximum

conversion efficiency of 98%

Accurate recognition and tracking of multiple-peaks maximum power point

International famous brands of ST and IR's components of high quality and low

failure rate are used, which can ensure the product‟s service life

Charging power and current limitation function

Compatible with lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries

Battery temperature compensation function

Real-time energy statistics function

Overheating power reduction function

Multiple load work modes

The communication port adopts professional protection chip, which can provide

5VDC power supply, and has over-current and short-circuit protection.

With RS-485 communication bus interface and Modbus communication protocol,

it is available to meet various communication requirements in different situations.

Monitor and set the parameters via mobile phoneAPP or PC software

Full-load operation without any drop in capacity within the range of working

environment temperature

Extensive electronic protection

1.2 Characteristics

❶

SELECT button

❻

RS485 communication interface

❷

RTS★Interface

❼

Mounting Hole Φ5mm

❸

PV Terminals

❽

ENTER button

❹

Battery Terminals

❾

LCD

❺

Load Terminals

★If the temperature sensor is short-circuited or damaged, the controller will

charge or discharge at the default temperature setting of 25 ºC.

Figure 1 Product Characteristics

1.3 Designations of Controller Models

EXAMPLE:

Tracer 1 2 10 AN

Product Series

Charge & discharge current10A

System Voltage12/24VDC

Max. PV open circuit voltage 100V

Common Negative System

1.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking Technology

Due to the nonlinear characteristics of solar array, there is a maximum energy output

point (Max Power Point) on its curve. Traditional controllers, with switch charging

technology and PWM charging technology, can‟t charge the battery at the maximum

power point, so can‟t harvest the maximum energy available from PV array, but the

solar charge controller with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Technology can

lock on the point to harvest the maximum energy and deliver it to the battery.

The MPPT algorithm of our company continuously compares and adjusts the

operating points to attempt to locate the maximum power point of the array. The

tracking process is fully automatic and does not need user adjustment.

As the Figure 1-2, the curve is also the characteristic curve of the array, the MPPT

technology will „boost‟ the battery charge current through tracking the MPP. Assuming

100% conversion efficiency of the solar system, in that way, the following formula is

established:

Input power (PPV)= Output power (PBat)

Input voltage (VMpp) *input current (IPV) =Battery voltage (VBat) *battery current (IBat)

Normally, the VMpp is always higher than VBat, Due to the principle of conservation of

energy, the IBat is always higher than IPV. The greater the discrepancy between VMpp

&VBat, the greater the discrepancy between IPV& IBat. The greater the discrepancy

between array and battery, the bigger reduction of the conversion efficiency of the

system, thus the controller‟s conversion efficiency is particularly important in the PV

system.

Figure 1-2 is the maximum power point curve, the shaded area is charging range of

traditional solar charge controller (PWM Charging Mode), it can obviously diagnose

that the MPPT mode can improve the usage of the solar energy resource. According

to our test, the MPPT controller can raise 20%-30% efficiency compared to the PWM

controller. (Value may be fluctuant due to the influence of the ambient circumstance

and energy loss.)

Figure 1-2 Maximum Power Point Curve

In actual application, as shading from cloud, tree and snow, the panel maybe appear

Multi-MPP, but in actually there is only one real Maximum Power Point. As the below

Figure 1-3 shows:

Figure 1-3 Mutil-MPP Curve

If the program works improperly after appearing Multi-MPP, the system will not work

on the real max power point, which may waste most solar energy resources and

seriously affect the normal operation of the system. The typical MPPT algorithm,

utilization rate of the array and avoid the waste of resources.

1.5 Battery Charging Stage

The controller has a 3 stages battery charging algorithm (Bulk Charging, Constant

Charging and Float Charging) for rapid, efficient, and safe battery charging.

A) Bulk Charging

In this stage, the battery voltage has not yet reached constant voltage (Equalize or

Boost Voltage), the controller operates in constant current mode, delivering its

maximum current to the batteries (MPPT Charging).

B) Constant Charging

When the battery voltage reaches the constant voltage setpoint, the controller will

start to operate in constant charging mode, this process is no longer MPPT charging,

and in the meantime the charging current will drop gradually, the process is not the

MPPT charging. The Constant Charging has 2 stages, equalize and boost. These two

stages are not carried out constantly in a full charge process to avoid too much gas

precipitation or overheating of battery.

Boost Charging

The Boost stage maintain 2 hours in default, user can adjust the constant time and

preset value of boost voltage according to demand.

The stage is used to prevent heating and excessive battery gassing.

Equalize Charging

WARNING: Explosive Risk!

Equalizing flooded battery would produce explosive gases, so well

ventilation of battery box is recommended.

CAUTION: Equipment damage!

Equalization may increase battery voltage to the level that damages

sensitive DC loads. Verify that all load allowable input voltages are 11%

greater than the equalizing charging set point voltage.

Figure 1-4 Battery changing stage Curve

CAUTION: Equipment damage!

Over-charging and excessive gas precipitation may damage the battery

plates and activate material shedding on them. Too high an equalizing

charge or for too long may cause damage.

Please carefully review the specific requirements of the battery used in the system.

Some types of batteries benefit from equalizing charge on a regular basis, which is

able to stir electrolyte, balance battery voltage and accomplish chemical reaction.

Equalizing charge increases battery voltage, higher than the standard complement

voltage, which gasifies the battery electrolyte.

The controller will equalize the battery on 28th each month. The constant equalization

period is 0~180 minutes. If the equalization isn‟t accomplished in one-time, the

equalization recharge time will be accumulated until the set time is finished. Equalize

charge and boost charge are not carried out constantly in a full charge process to

avoid too much gas precipitation or overheating of battery.

NOTE:

1) Due to the influence of ambient circumstance or load working, the battery

voltage can’t be steady in constant voltage, controller will accumulate and

calculate the time of constant voltage working. When the accumulated time

reach to 3 hours, the charging mode will turn to Float Charging.

2) If the controller time is not adjusted, the controller will equalize charge

battery once every month following the inner time.

C) Float Charging

After the Constant voltage stage, the controller will reduce charging current to Float

Voltage setpoint. This stage will have no more chemical reactions and all the charge

current transforms into heat and gas at this time. Then the controller reduces the

voltage to the floating stage, charging with a smaller voltage and current. It will reduce

the temperature of the battery and prevent the gassing and charging the battery

slightly at the same time. The purpose of Float stage is to offset the power

consumption caused by self consumption and small loads in the whole system, while

maintaining full battery storage capacity.

In Float charging stage, loads are able to obtain almost all power from solar panel. If

loads exceed the power, the controller will no longer be able to maintain battery

voltage in Float charging stage. If the battery voltage remains below the Recharge

Voltage, the system will leave Float charging stage and return to Bulk charging stage.

This manual suits for next models

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