Commodore 128 User manual

COMMODORE

128

PROGRAMMER'S

REFERENCE

GUIDE

Bantam

Computer

Books

Ask

your

bookseller

for

the

books

you

have

missed

HOW

GET THE

MOST

OUT

COMPUSERVE,

ed.

Charles

Bowen

and

David

Peyton

THE

AMIGADOS

MANUAL

Commodore-Amiga,

Inc.

THE

APPLE

lie

BOOK

Bill

O'Brien

THE

ART

DESKTOP

PUBLISHING

Tony

Bove,

Cheryl

Rhodes,

and

Wes

Thomas

ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE

ENTERS

THE

MARKETPLACE

Larry

Harris

and

Dwight

Davis

THE

BIG

TIP

BOOK

FOR

THE

APPLE

SERIES

Bert

Kersey

and

Bill

Sanders

THE

COMMODORE

SURVIVAL

MANUAL

Winn

Rosch

COMMODORE

128

PROGRAMMER'S

REFERENCE

GUIDE

Commodore

Business

Machines,

Inc.

THE

COMPUTER

AND

THE

BRAIN

Scott

Ladd/

The

Red

Feather

Press

EXPLORING

ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE

YOUR

APPLE

Tim

Hartnell

EXPLORING

ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE

YOUR

COMMODORE

Tim

Hartnell

EXPLORING

ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE

YOUR

IBM

Tim

Hartnell

EXPLORING

THE

UNIX

ENVIRONMENT

The

Waite

Group/Irene

Pasternack

FRAMEWORK

FROM

THE

GROUND

The

Waite

Group/Cynthia

Spoor

and

Robert

Warren

HOW

GET

THE

MOST

OUT

THE

SOURCE

Charles

Bowen

and

David

Peyton

THE

MACINTOSH

Bill

O'Brien

MACINTOSH

PRIMER

PLUS

The

Waite

Group/Stephen

Prata

THE

NEW

jr.

GUIDE

IBM'S

PCjr

Winn

Rosch

ORCHESTRATING

SYMPHONY

The

Waite

Group/Dan

Shafer

with

Mary

Johnson

PC-DOS/MS-DOS

User's

Guide

the

Most

Popular

Operating

System

for

Personal

Computers

Alan

Boyd

POWER

PAINTING:

COMPUTER

GRAPHICS

THE

MACINTOSH

Verne

Bauman

and

Ronald

Kidd/

illustrated

by Gasper

Vaccaro

SMARTER

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Hands-On

Guide

On-Line

Computer

Services

Charles

Bowen

and

Stewart

Schneider

SWING

WITH

JAZZ:

LOTUS

JAZZ

THE

MACINTOSH

Datatech

Publications

Corp./S.

Michael

McCarty

UNDERSTANDING

EXPERT

SYSTEMS

The

Waite

Group/Mike

Van

Horn

USER'S

GUIDE

THE

AT&T

6300

PERSONAL

COMPUTER

David

Peatroy,

Ricardo

Anzaldua,

Wohlwend,

and

Datatech

Publications

Corp.

i j

COMMODORE

128

PROGRAMMER'S

REFERENCE

GUIDE

COMMODORE

BUSINESS

MACHINES,

INC.

BANTAM

BOOKS

TORONTO

•

NEW

YORK

•

LONDON

•

SYDNEY

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AUCKLAND

COMMODORE

128

PROGRAMMER'S

REFERENCE

GUIDE

Bantam

Book

February

1986

Commodore

and

Commodore

128

are

registered

trademarks

Commodore

Electronics.

Ltd.

CPIM

and

CPIM

Plus

Version

3.0

are

registered

trademarks

Digital

Research

Inc.

Perfect

registered

trademark

Perfect

Software.

TouchTone

registered

trademark

AT&T.

WordStar

registered

trademark

MicroPro

International

Corporation.

Grateful

acknowledgment

made

for

permission

reprint

two

bars of

Invention

(Inventio

13)

Johann

Sebastian

Bach.

Sheet

music

Peters,

Corp.,

New

York.

Book

design

Ann

Gold.

Cover

design

Ellen

Temple.

All

rights

reserved.

1986

Commodore

Capital,

Inc.

This

book

may

not

reproduced

whole

part,

mimeograph

any

other

means,

without

permission.

For

information

address:

Bantam

Books,

Inc.

ISBN

0-553-34292-4

Published

simultaneously

the

United

States

and

Canada

Bantam

Books

are

published

Bantam

Books,

Inc.

Its

trademark,

consisting

the

words

"Bantam

Books"

and

the

portrayal

rooster,

Registered

U.S.

Patent

and

Trademark

Office

and

other

countries.

Marca

Registrada.

Bantam

Books,

Inc.,

666

Fifth

Avenue,

New

York,

New

York

10103.

PRINTED

THE

UNITED

STATES

AMERICA

098765432

CONTENTS

Chapter

r-»

Introduction

)

Chapter

BASIC

Building

Blocks

and

BASIC

7.0

Encyclopedia

Chapter

One

Step

Beyond

Simple

BASIC

Chapter

Commodore

128

Graphics

Programming

109

Chapter

1 '

Machine

Language

the

Commodore

128

123

Chapter

)

How

Enter

Machine

Language

Programs

Into

the

Commodore

128

181

Chapter

Mixing

Machine

Language

and

BASIC

197

jTj

Chapter

The

Power

Behind

Commodore

128

Graphics

207

Chapter

[

Sprites

265

Chapter

Programming

the

80-Column

(8563)

Chip

291

Chapter

Sound

and

Music

the

Commodore

128

335

Chapter

Input/Output

Guide

371

Chapter

The

Commodore

128

Operating

System

401

Chapter

CP/M

3.0

the

Commodore

128

477

Chapter

The

Commodore

128

and

Commodore

Memory

Maps

501

Chapter

C128

Hardware

Specifications

555

Appendixes

643

Glossary

731

Index

739

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Written

Larry

Greenley

and

Fred

Bowen

■

BilHerd

Dave

Haynie

Terry

Ryan

Von

Ertwine

Kim

Eckert

r-i

Mario

Eisenbacher

•

Norman

McVey

The

authors

are

deeply

indebted

the

many

people

who

have

contributed

the

preparation

this

book.

Special

thanks

Jim

Gracely

Commodore

Publications,

who

reviewed

the

entire

manuscript

for

technical

accuracy

and

provided

important

corrections,

clarifications,

and

user-oriented

suggestions,

and

Steve

Beats

and

Dave

Middleton

Commodore

Software

Engineering

for

their

programming

assistance

and

expertise.

f—i

also

want

recognize

the

contributions

Frank

Palaia

Commodore

Hardware

Design,

who

provided

expertise

the

operation

the

Z80

hardware,

and

Dave

DiOrio

Commodore

Integrated

Circuit

Design,

who

provided

insight

into

the

design

the

Memory

Management

Unit

and

the

C128

VIC

chip

enhancements.

[

For

their

extensive

technical

reviews

the

manuscript,

wish

thank

Bob

Albright,

Pete

Bowman,

Steve

Lam

and

Tony

Porrazza

Commodore

Engineering.

also

j-j

thank

Dan

Baker,

Dave

Street

and

Carolyn

Scheppner

Commodore

Software

Techni-

cal

Support

for

providing

always

available

source

technical

assistance.

addition,

want

acknowledge

the

valuable

contributions

members

Commodore

Soft-

ware

Quality

Assurance,

especially

Mike

Colligon,

Karen

Mackenzie,

Pat

McAllister,

Greg

Rapp,

Dave

Resavy,

and

Stacy

English.

also

thank

Carol

Sullivan

and

Donald

Bein

for carefully

proofreading

various

sections

the

text,

Michelle

Dreisbach

for

typing

the

manuscript,

Marion

Dooley

for

preparing

the

art,

Jo-Ellen

Temple

for

the

cover

design,

and

Nancy

Zwack

for

overall

coordination

assistance.

Finally,

would

acknowledge

the

unflagging

support

and

guidance

provided

senior

Commodore

executives

Paul

Goheen,

Harry

McCabe

and

Bob

Kenney.

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