Red Hat ENTERPRISE LINUX 4 - USING BINUTILS Manual

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4

Using binutils, the GNU Binary

Utilities

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4: Using binutils, the GNU Binary Utilities

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License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. A copy of the license is included in the

section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1

2. ar....................................................................................................................................................... 3

2.1. Controlling aron the Command Line................................................................................ 3

2.2. Controlling arwith a Script ............................................................................................... 6

3. nm..................................................................................................................................................... 9

4. objcopy........................................................................................................................................... 13

5. objdump......................................................................................................................................... 21

6. ranlib .............................................................................................................................................. 27

7. size .................................................................................................................................................. 29

8. strings............................................................................................................................................. 31

9. strip................................................................................................................................................. 33

10. c++ﬁlt ........................................................................................................................................... 37

11. addr2line ...................................................................................................................................... 41

12. nlmconv ........................................................................................................................................ 43

13. windres ......................................................................................................................................... 45

14. Create ﬁles needed to build and use DLLs ............................................................................... 49

15. readelf........................................................................................................................................... 55

16. Selecting the Target System ....................................................................................................... 59

16.1. Target Selection.............................................................................................................. 59

16.1.1. objdumpTarget ............................................................................................... 59

16.1.2. objcopyand stripInput Target .................................................................... 59

16.1.3. objcopyand stripOutput Target.................................................................. 59

16.1.4. nm,size, and stringsTarget........................................................................ 60

16.2. Architecture Selection.................................................................................................... 60

16.2.1. objdumpArchitecture ..................................................................................... 60

16.2.2. objcopy,nm,size,stringsArchitecture ................................................... 60

17. Reporting Bugs............................................................................................................................ 61

17.1. Have You Found a Bug? ................................................................................................ 61

17.2. How to Report Bugs....................................................................................................... 61

A. GNU Free Documentation License............................................................................................. 65

A.1. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents......................................... 69

Index................................................................................................................................................... 71

gnu Binary Utilities

Chapter 1.

Introduction

This brief manual contains documentation for the gnu binary utilities (collectively version

2.15.92.0.2):

This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. A copy of the

license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

2 Chapter 1. Introduction

Chapter 2.

ar [-]p[mod [relpos] [count]] archive [member...]

ar -M [



mri-script ]

The gnu ar program creates, modiﬁes, and extracts from archives. An archive is a single ﬁle holding

a collection of other ﬁles in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve the original individual ﬁles

(called members of the archive).

The original ﬁles’ contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and group are preserved in the

archive, and can be restored on extraction.

gnu ar can maintain archives whose members have names of any length; however, depending on how

ar is conﬁgured on your system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed for compatibility

with archive formats maintained with other tools. If it exists, the limit is often 15 characters (typical

of formats related to a.out) or 16 characters (typical of formats related to coff).

ar is considered a binary utility because archives of this sort are most often used as libraries holding

commonly needed subroutines.

ar creates an index to the symbols deﬁned in relocatable object modules in the archive when you

specify the modiﬁer s. Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever ar makes a change

to its contents (save for the qupdate operation). An archive with such an index speeds up linking to

the library, and allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to their placement in

the archive.

You may use nm -s or nm -print-armap to list this index table. If an archive lacks the table, another

form of ar called ranlib can be used to add just the table.

gnu ar is designed to be compatible with two different facilities. You can control its activity using

command-line options, like the different varieties of ar on Unix systems; or, if you specify the single

command-line option -M, you can control it with a script supplied via standard input, like the MRI

"librarian" program.

2.1. Controlling aron the Command Line

ar [-X32_64] [-]p[mod [relpos] [count]] archive [member...]

When you use ar in the Unix style, ar insists on at least two arguments to execute: one keyletter

specifying the operation (optionally accompanied by other keyletters specifying modiﬁers), and the

archive name to act on.

Most operations can also accept further member arguments, specifying particular ﬁles to operate on.

gnu ar allows you to mix the operation code pand modiﬁer ﬂags mod in any order, within the ﬁrst

command-line argument.

If you wish, you may begin the ﬁrst command-line argument with a dash.

The pkeyletter speciﬁes what operation to execute; it may be any of the following, but you must

specify only one of them:

4 Chapter 2. ar

Delete modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to be deleted as member. . . ; the

archive is untouched if you specify no ﬁles to delete.

If you specify the vmodiﬁer, ar lists each module as it is deleted.

Use this operation to move members in an archive.

The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how programs are linked using

the library, if a symbol is deﬁned in more than one member.

If no modiﬁers are used with m, any members you name in the member arguments are moved to

the end of the archive; you can use the a,b, or imodiﬁers to move them to a speciﬁed place

instead.

Print the speciﬁed members of the archive, to the standard output ﬁle. If the vmodiﬁer is speci-

ﬁed, show the member name before copying its contents to standard output.

If you specify no member arguments, all the ﬁles in the archive are printed.

Quick append; Historically, add the ﬁles member. . . to the end of archive, without checking

for replacement.

The modiﬁers a,b, and ido not affect this operation; new members are always placed at the end

of the archive.

The modiﬁer vmakes ar list each ﬁle as it is appended.

Since the point of this operation is speed, the archive’s symbol table index is not updated, even

if it already existed; you can use ar s or ranlib explicitly to update the symbol table index.

However, too many different systems assume quick append rebuilds the index, so gnu ar imple-

ments qas a synonym for r.

Insert the ﬁles member. . . into archive (with replacement). This operation differs from qin

that any previously existing members are deleted if their names match those being added.

If one of the ﬁles named in member. . . does not exist, ar displays an error message, and leaves

undisturbed any existing members of the archive matching that name.

By default, new members are added at the end of the ﬁle; but you may use one of the modiﬁers

a,b, or ito request placement relative to some existing member.

The modiﬁer vused with this operation elicits a line of output for each ﬁle inserted, along with

one of the letters aor rto indicate whether the ﬁle was appended (no old member deleted) or

replaced.

Display a table listing the contents of archive, or those of the ﬁles listed in member. . . that are

present in the archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to see the

modes (permissions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can request that by also specifying

the vmodiﬁer.

If you do not specify a member, all ﬁles in the archive are listed.

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