NXP Semiconductors FRDM-KW24D512 User manual

NXP Semiconductors

User’s Guide

1 Introduction

This manual describes the development platform,

FRDM-KW24D512. It has a diverse reference design with

all necessary I/O connections to use as a self-contained

platform or for connection to an external application.

The MKW24D512 is a 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and

Medical (ISM) single-chip device intended for the IEEE®

Std. 802.15.4, including Thread, ZigBee®Pro stack, ZigBee

RF4CE standards, and IPv6/6loWPAN protocols.

The FRDM-KW24D512 contains the MKW24D512

transceiver that is typically combined with a software stack

to implement an IEEE Std. 802.15.4 platform solutions.

1.1 Audience

This document is intended for system designers.

2 Safety Information

2.1 FCC guidelines

This equipment is used by developers for evaluation

purposes only and must not be incorporated into any other

Document Number: FRDMKW24DUG

Rev. 1, 05/2016

Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1.Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2. Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2.1.FCC guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2.2.Regulatory approval for Canada (IC RSS 210) . . . 2

2.3.Electrostatic discharge considerations . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.4.Disposal instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3. FRDM-KW24D512 Overview and Description . . . . . 3

3.1.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3.2.Platform features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3.3.Software and driver considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4. FRDM-KW24D512 Development Platform . . . . . . . 6

4.1.FRDM-KW24D512 platform overview . . . . . . . . 6

4.2.Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4.3.Schematic, platform layout, and bill of material . 17

5. PCB Manufacturing Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

5.1.Single PCB construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

5.2.Panelization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

5.3.Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

5.4.Solder mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

5.5.Silk screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

5.6.Electrical PCB testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

5.7.Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

5.8.Hole specification/tool table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

5.9.File description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

6. Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

FRDM-KW24D512 Freedom

Development Platform User’s Guide

Freedom Development Board FRDM-KW24D512 User’s Guide, Rev. 1, 05/2016

2NXP Semiconductors

Safety Information

devices or systems. Integrators are responsible for reevaluating the end product (including the transmitter)

and obtaining a separate FCC authorization.

FCC approval of this device only covers the original configuration of this device as supplied. Any

modifications to this product, including changes shown in this document, may violate the rules of the

Federal Communications Commission and Industry Canada and make operation of the product unlawful.

2.1.1 Labeling

FCC labels are physically located on the back of the platform.

2.1.2 Operating conditions

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

• This device may not cause harmful interference.

• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired

operation.

2.1.3 Exposure limits

This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.

The antenna(s) used for this equipment must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 8

inches (20 cm) from all persons.

2.1.4 Antenna restrictions

An intentional radiator is designed to ensure that no antenna other than that furnished by the responsible

party is used with the device. The use of a permanently attached antenna or of an antenna that uses a unique

coupling to the intentional radiator is considered sufficient to comply with the provisions of this Section.

The manufacturer may design the unit so that a broken antenna can be replaced by the user, but the use of

a standard antenna jack or electrical connector is prohibited. This requirement does not apply to carrier

current devices or to devices operated under the provisions of Sections 15.211, 15.213, 15.217, 15.219, or

15.221 of the IEEE Std. 802.15.4. In addition, this requirement does not apply to intentional radiators that

must be professionally installed, such as perimeter protection systems and some field disturbance sensors,

or to other intentional radiators which, in accordance with Section 15.31(d) of the IEEE Std. 802.15.4,

must be measured at the installation site. However, the installer is responsible for ensuring that the proper

antenna is employed so that the limits in this Part are not exceeded.

2.2 Regulatory approval for Canada (IC RSS 210)

This equipment complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to

the following two conditions:

• This platform may not cause interference.

• This platform must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired

operation of the device.

Freedom Development Board FRDM-KW24D512 User’s Guide, Rev. 1, 05/2016

NXP Semiconductors 3

FRDM-KW24D512 Overview and Description

2.2.1 26 PART 5 – Appendix

Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de

licence. L'exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes:

1. l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et

2. l'utilisateur de l'appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage

est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement.

2.3 Electrostatic discharge considerations

Although damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD) is much less common on these devices than on early

CMOS circuits, normal handling precautions should be used to avoid exposure to static discharge.

Qualification tests are performed to ensure that these devices can withstand exposure to reasonable levels

of static without suffering any permanent damage.

All ESD testing is in conformity with the JESD22 Stress Test Qualification for Commercial Grade

Integrated Circuits. During the device qualification, ESD stresses are performed for the human body model

(HBM), the machine model (MM), and the charge device model (CDM).

All latch-up tests are in conformity with the JESD78 IC Latch-Up Test.

When operating or handling the development platforms or components, it is strongly recommended to use

at least the grounding wrist straps plus any, or all, of the following ESD dissipation methods:

• Flexible fabric, solid fixed size, or disposable ESD wrist straps

• Static control workstations, static control monitors, and table or floor static control systems

• Static control packaging and transportation materials and environmental systems

2.4 Disposal instructions

The NXP development platforms must be disposed of in compliance with current local waste disposal

regulations. Appliances disposal should be done by a qualified company.

3 FRDM-KW24D512 Overview and Description

3.1 Introduction

The FRDM-KW24D512 development platform is an evaluation environment based on the NXP

MKW24D512 transceiver (MKW24).

The MKW24D512 device incorporates a complete low power IEEE Std. 802.15.4 2.4 GHz radio

frequency transceiver and a Kinetis family low-power, mixed-signal ARM®Cortex®-M4 MCU into a

single package.

NXP supplements the MKW24D512 with tools and software that include hardware evaluation and

development platforms, software development IDE, and applications, drivers, custom PHY usable with the

NXP IEEE Std. 802.15.4 compatible MAC.

Freedom Development Board FRDM-KW24D512 User’s Guide, Rev. 1, 05/2016

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FRDM-KW24D512 Overview and Description

The FRDM-KW24D512 development platform contains the MKW24D512 device with 32 MHz reference

oscillator crystal, RF circuitry including antenna, 16 Mbit external serial flash, and supporting circuitry in

the popular Freedom form factor. The platform is standalone and supports application development with

NXP IEEE Std. 802.15.4 protocol stacks and supports full-speed USB 2.0.

3.2 Platform features

3.2.1 FRDM-KW24D512 platform

The FRDM-KW24D512 development platform is part of the Freedom development (FRDM) platform. It

has a diverse reference design containing the MKW24D512 device and all necessary I/O connections to

use as a self-contained platform or for connection to an external application, and also has the capability to

connect with the Freedom development platforms.

Figure 1 shows the FRDM-KW24D512 development platform.

Figure 1. FRDM-KW24D512 development platform

The FRDM-KW24D512 development platform includes the following features:

• The low-power Kinetis MKW24D512 transceiver

• Full IEEE Std. 802.15.4-compliant wireless node; ZigBee and Thread capable

• Reference design area with small footprint, low-cost RF node

— RF circuitry includes a Balun to convert the differential input/output pin of the MKW24D512

transciever to single-ended for onboard signal routing

— Low off-chip component count

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FRDM-KW24D512 Overview and Description

— Programmable output power from -35 dBm to +8 dBm at the SMA connector, no trap

— Receiver sensitivity: -102 dBm, typical (@1% PER for 20 byte payload packet)

• Integrated PCB inverted F-type antenna and SMA RF port

• Selectable power sources

• 32 MHz reference oscillator

• 32 kHz clock oscillator

• 2.4 GHz frequency operation (ISM Band)

• External serial flash for over-the-air programming (OTAP) support

• Integrated open-standard serial and debug interface (OpenSDA)

• Cortex 10-pin (0.05 inches) SWD debug port for target MCU

• Cortex 10-pin (0.05 inches) JTAG port for OpenSDA updates

• 1 RGB LED indicator

• 1 Blue LED indicator

• 4 Push button switches

• FXOS8700 Combo Sensor

Figure 2 shows the main platform features and I/O headers for the FRDM-KW24D512 platform.

Figure 2. FRDM-KW24D512 components and I/O headers

Freedom Development Board FRDM-KW24D512 User’s Guide, Rev. 1, 05/2016

6NXP Semiconductors

FRDM-KW24D512 Development Platform

3.3 Software and driver considerations

The FRDM-KW24D512 platform includes an OpenSDAv2.1, a serial and debug adapter circuit that

includes an open-source bootloader, and debug interface software. It bridges serial and debug

communications between a USB host and an embedded target processor. The hardware circuit is based on

the Kinetis K20 family.

For additional information about our 2.4 GHz Kinetis family platforms, see the following:

• Wireless on nxp.com

• Kinetis KW2xD on nxp.com

4 FRDM-KW24D512 Development Platform

4.1 FRDM-KW24D512 platform overview

The FRDM-KW24D512 is an evaluation platform based on the MKW24D512 transceiver. The

FRDM-KW24D512 platform provides a platform to evaluate the MKW24D512 transceiver, develop

software and applications. The core device is accompanied by a 32 MHz reference oscillator crystal, RF

circuitry including antenna, and supporting circuitry.

The FRDM-KW24D512 platform is intended as the core PCB for MKW24D512 transceiver evaluation

and application development, and can be used in the following modes:

• Simple standalone evaluation platform

• Daughter card to other development platforms (Freedom development platform)

• Mother card to an application-specific daughter card, such as a shield card

4.1.1 PCB features

The FRDM-KW24D512 platform provides the following features:

• The Freedom development platform form factor

• 4-Layer metal, 0.062 inch thick FR4 platform

• LGA footprint and power supply bypass

• Printed metal F-Antenna and footprint for installing a (user supplied) SMA connector

• 32 MHz reference oscillator crystal

• 32.768 kHz crystal provided for optional timing oscillator

• Standard FRDM card mounting interface

• External serial flash for OTAP support

• Combo sensor, 6-axis sensor with integrated linear accelerometer and magnetometer

4.1.2 Form factor

Figure 3 shows the FRDM-KW24D512 platform’s connector and header locations.

Freedom Development Board FRDM-KW24D512 User’s Guide, Rev. 1, 05/2016

NXP Semiconductors 7

FRDM-KW24D512 Development Platform

Figure 3. FRDM-KW24D512 platform’s connector and header location

Figure 4 shows a footprint of the FRDM-KW24D512 platform with the location of the I/O headers. The

parameters of these headers are as follows:

• J1, J2, J3 and J4:

— Headers have standard 0.1 inch / 2.54 mm pin spacing

— J1 and J3 are 16-pin

— J2 is 20-pin

— J4 is 12-pin

— Pin headers are mounted on the top side of the FRDM-KW24D512 and are intended to plug

into matching receptacles on the Freedom Platform

• J36, J37, J38, J39, J41, and J42:

— Headers have standard 0.1 in / 2.54 mm pin spacing

— All headers are 2x2 pin

— J41 and J42 are adjacent to allow UART0 data direction to be reversed by altering the

orientation of the shunt

— J38 and J39 are adjacent to allow SPI0 data direction to be reversed by altering the orientation

of the shunt

— J36 and J37 are adjacent to allow UART1 data direction to be reversed by altering the

orientation of the shunt

Freedom Development Board FRDM-KW24D512 User’s Guide, Rev. 1, 05/2016

8NXP Semiconductors

FRDM-KW24D512 Development Platform

Figure 4. FRDM-KW24D512 platform top side (component side) footprint

4.1.3 Platform level specifications

Table 1. FRDM-KW24D512 platform specifications

Parameter Min Typ Max Units Notes/Conditions

General

Size (PCB: X, Y) — — 81.2 x 53.3

3.20 x 2.10

inches

—

Layer build (PCB) — 1.57

0.062

—mm

inches

4-Layer

Dielectric material (PCB) — — — — FR4

Power

Current consumption — — —mA Varies with operational mode, see

datasheet.

Temperature

Operating temperature (see note) -40 +25 +70 °C Operating temperature is limited to +70 °C

due to switches. Basic circuit is good for a

maximum temperature of +85 °C.

Storage temperature -30 +25 +70 °C —

Freedom Development Board FRDM-KW24D512 User’s Guide, Rev. 1, 05/2016

NXP Semiconductors 9

FRDM-KW24D512 Development Platform

4.2 Functional description

The FRDM-KW24D512 platform is built around the MKW24D512 transceiver in a 63-pin (56-pin usable)

LGA package. The MKW24D512 device features a IEEE Std. 802.15.4 radio frequency transceiver and a

Kinetis family low-power, mixed-signal ARM Cortex-M4 MCU in a single package. The

IEEE 802.15.4 frequency range 2405 — 2480 MHz All 16 channels in the 2450 MHz band

Operation frequency 2360 — 2480 MHz —

RF Receiver

Saturation (maximum input level) — +0 — dBm See data sheet

Sensitivity for 1% packet error rate

(PER) (+25 °C) 802.15.4

— -102 — dBm See data sheet

RF Transmitter

RF Power Output -35 — +8 dBm Programmable in steps. At the antenna feed

with no harmonic trap. 1

2nd harmonic — 40 35 dBm See data sheet

3rd harmonic — 40 35 dBm See data sheet

Regulatory Approval

FCC — — — — Product is approved according to the FCC

part 15 standard

CE (ETSI) — — — — Product is approved according to the EN

300 328 V1.7.1 (2006-10) standard

CE (EMC) — — — — Product is approved according to the EN

301 489-1 V1.6.1 (2005-09) and EN 301

489-17 V1.2.1 (2002-08) standards

Safety

UL — — — — Product is approved according to the IEC

60950-1 and EN 60950-1, First Edition

standards

Environment

RoHS — — — — Product complies with the EU Directive

2002/95/EC of 27 January 2003

WEEE — — — — Product complies with the EU Directive

2002/95/EC of 27 January 2003

1Harmonic trap adds 1 to 2 dB of loss.

Table 1. FRDM-KW24D512 platform specifications (continued)

Parameter Min Typ Max Units Notes/Conditions

Freedom Development Board FRDM-KW24D512 User’s Guide, Rev. 1, 05/2016

10 NXP Semiconductors

FRDM-KW24D512 Development Platform

FRDM-KW24D512 platform is intended as an evaluation platform and as a building block for application

development. The four-layer platform provides the MKW24D512 transceiver with the required RF

circuitry, 32 MHz reference oscillator crystal, and power supply bypassing. The layout for this base level

functionality can be used as a reference layout for your target platform. Figure 5 shows a simple block

diagram.

Figure 5. FRDM-KW24D512 block diagram

4.2.1 RF performance and considerations

The FRDM-KW24D512 development platform includes a 1 mW nominal output PA with internal voltage

controlled oscillator (VCO), integrated transmit/receive switch, onboard power supply regulation, and full

spread-spectrum encoding and decoding. Key specifications for the MKW24D512 transceiver are:

• Programmable output power from -35 dBm to +8 dBm at the SMA, no trap.

• Typical sensitivity is -102 dBm (@1% PER for 20 byte payload packet).

• Frequency range is 2360 to 2480 MHz.

• Differential bidirectional RF input/output port with integrated transmit/receive switch.

• “F” printed metal antenna for a small footprint, low cost design.

• Platform features a low component count RF matching network with off-chip 1:1 Balun.

The layout has provision for out-of-band signal suppression (components L5 and C19) if required.

Figure 6 shows the typical topology for the RF circuitry. A footprint is available to install the RF connector

J48 for measurement purposes. When using J48, install C17 and remove C18.

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