McAfee VIRUSSCAN 4.5 - Service manual

McAfee VirusScan

Administrator’s Guide

Version 4.5

this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or

translated into any language in any form or by any means without the written permission of

Networks Associates Technology, Inc., or its suppliers or affiliate companies.

TRADEMARK ATTRIBUTIONS

* ActiveHelp, Bomb Shelter, Building a World of Trust, CipherLink, Clean-Up, Cloaking, CNX,

Compass 7, CyberCop, CyberMedia, Data Security Letter, Discover, Distributed Sniffer System, Dr

Solomon’s, Enterprise Secure Cast, First Aid, ForceField, Gauntlet, GMT, GroupShield, HelpDesk,

Hunter, ISDN Tel/Scope, LM 1, LANGuru, Leading Help Desk Technology, Magic Solutions,

MagicSpy, MagicTree, Magic University, MagicWin, MagicWord, McAfee, McAfee Associates,

MoneyMagic, More Power To You, Multimedia Cloaking, NetCrypto, NetOctopus, NetRoom,

NetScan, Net Shield, NetShield, NetStalker, Net Tools, Network Associates, Network General, Network

Uptime!, NetXRay, Nuts & Bolts, PC Medic, PCNotary, PGP, PGP (Pretty Good Privacy),

PocketScope, Pop-Up, PowerTelnet, Pretty Good Privacy, PrimeSupport, RecoverKey,

RecoverKey-International, ReportMagic, RingFence, Router PM, Safe & Sound, SalesMagic,

SecureCast, Service Level Manager, ServiceMagic, Site Meter, Sniffer, SniffMaster, SniffNet, Stalker,

Statistical Information Retrieval (SIR), SupportMagic, Switch PM, TeleSniffer, TIS, TMach, TMeg,

Total Network Security, Total Network Visibility, Total Service Desk, Total Virus Defense, T-POD,

Trusted Mach, Trusted Mail, Uninstaller, Virex, Virex-PC, Virus Forum, ViruScan, VirusScan,

VShield, WebScan, WebShield, WebSniffer, WebStalker WebWall, and ZAC 2000 are registered

trademarks of Network Associates and/or its affiliates in the US and/or other countries. All

other registered and unregistered trademarks in this document are the sole property of their

respective owners.

LICENSE AGREEMENT

NOTICE TO ALL USERS: FOR THE SPECIFIC TERMS OF YOUR LICENSE TO USE THE

SOFTWARE THAT THIS DOCUMENTATION DESCRIBES, CONSULT THE README.1ST,

LICENSE.TXT, OR OTHER LICENSE DOCUMENT THAT ACCOMPANIES YOUR

SOFTWARE, EITHER AS A TEXT FILE OR AS PART OF THE SOFTWARE PACKAGING. IF

YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL OF THE TERMS SET FORTH THEREIN, DO NOT INSTALL

THE SOFTWARE. IF APPLICABLE, YOU MAY RETURN THE PRODUCT TO THE PLACE OF

PURCHASE FOR A FULL REFUND.

Issued March 2000/VirusScan v4.5 Anti-Virus Software

Administrator’s Guide iii

Table of Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Anti-virus protection as information security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii

Information security as a business necessity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x

Active Virus Defense security perimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

McAfee anti-virus research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii

How to contact McAfee and Network Associates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

Customer service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

Technical support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv

Download support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi

Network Associates training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi

Comments and feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi

Reporting new items for anti-virus data file updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii

International contact information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii

Chapter 1. About VirusScan Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Introducing VirusScan anti-virus software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

How does VirusScan software work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

What comes with VirusScan software? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

What’s new in this release? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Chapter 2. Installing VirusScan Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Before you begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

System requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Installing VirusScan software on a local computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Installation steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Using the Emergency Disk Creation utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Determining when you must restart your computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Testing your installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Modifying or removing your local VirusScan installation . . . . . . . . . . .55

Table of Contents

iv McAfee VirusScan Anti-Virus Software

Installing VirusScan software on other computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

Using Active Directory and Group Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

Installing VirusScan software using command-line options . . . . . . . . .58

Using Management Edition software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Using ePolicy Orchestrator to deploy VirusScan software . . . . . . . . . .66

Installing via System Management Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Installing via Tivoli IT Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Installing via ZENworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

Exporting VirusScan custom settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

Chapter 3. Removing Infections From Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

If you suspect you have a virus... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

Deciding when to scan for viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Recognizing when you don’t have a virus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

Understanding false detections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

Responding to viruses or malicious software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

Submitting a virus sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Using the SendVirus utility to submit a file sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Capturing boot sector, file-infecting, and macro viruses . . . . . . . . . . . .91

Chapter 4. Using VirusScan Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Using the VShield scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

Using the VirusScan application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

Scheduling scan tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

Using specialized scanning tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

Chapter 5. Sending Alert Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Using the Alert Manager Client Configuration utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

VirusScan software as an Alert Manager Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100

Configuring the Alert Manager Client utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100

Chapter 6. Updating and Upgrading VirusScan Software . . . . . . . . . . 105

Developing an updating strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

Update and upgrade methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

Understanding the AutoUpdate utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

Configuring the AutoUpdate Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

Administrator’s Guide v

Table of Contents

Understanding the AutoUpgrade utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118

Configuring the AutoUpgrade utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

Using the AutoUpgrade and SuperDAT utilities together . . . . . . . . . .128

Deploying an EXTRA.DAT file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130

Appendix A. Using VirusScan Administrative Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Understanding the VirusScan control panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

Opening the VirusScan control panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

Choosing VirusScan control panel options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134

Appendix B. Installed Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

What’s in this appendix? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137

VShield scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137

Dependent and related files for the VirusScan application . . . . . . . . .143

Alert Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

VirusScan control panel files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147

ScreenScan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

VirusScan Emergency Disk files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150

Dependent and related files for the E-Mail Scan extension . . . . . . . . .152

Appendix C. Using VirusScan Command-line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Adding advanced VirusScan engine options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

Running the VirusScan Command Line program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

Running the on-demand scanner with command-line arguments . . . . . . . .164

Appendix D. Using the SecureCast Service to Get New Data Files . . 171

Introducing the SecureCast service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171

Why should I update my data files? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172

Which data files does the SecureCast service deliver? . . . . . . . . . . . .172

Installing the BackWeb client and SecureCast service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173

System requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173

Troubleshooting the Enterprise SecureCast service . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

Unsubscribing from the SecureCast service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

Support resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

SecureCast service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

BackWeb client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184

Table of Contents

vi McAfee VirusScan Anti-Virus Software

Appendix E. Network Associates Support Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Adding value to your McAfee product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185

PrimeSupport options for corporate customers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185

Ordering a corporate PrimeSupport plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188

PrimeSupport options for home users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190

How to reach international home user support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192

Ordering a PrimeSupport plan for home users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192

Network Associates consulting and training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193

Professional Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193

Total Education Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194

Appendix F. Understanding iDAT Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Understanding incremental .DAT files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195

How does iDAT updating work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196

What does McAfee post each week? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197

Best practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198

Frequently asked questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Administrator’s Guide vii

Preface

Anti-virus protection as information security

“The world changed [on March 26, 1999]—does anyone doubt that? The world

is different. Melissa proved that ... and we are very fortunate ... the world

could have gone very close to meltdown.”

—Padgett Peterson, Chief Info Security Architect, Lockheed Martin Corporation,

on the 1999 “Melissa”virus epidemic

By the end of the 1990s, many information technology professionals had

begun to recognize that they could not easily separate how they needed to

respond to new virus threats from how they already dealt with deliberate

network security breaches. Dorothy Denning, co-editor of the 1998 computer

security handbook Internet Besieged: Countering Cyberspace Scofflaws, explicitly

grouped anti-virus security measures in with other network security

measures, classifying them as a defense against malicious “injected code.”

Denning justified her inclusive grouping on based on her definition of

information security as “the effective use of safeguards to protect the

confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, availability, and non-repudiation of

information and information processing systems.”Virus payloads had always

threatened or damaged data integrity, but by the time she wrote her survey

article, newer viruses had already begun to mount sophisticated attacks that

struck at the remaining underpinnings of information security. Denning’s

classification recognized that newer viruses no longer merely annoyed system

administrators or posed a relatively low-grade threat; they had in fact

graduated to become a serious hazard.

Though not targeted with as much precision as an unauthorized network

intrusion, virus attacks had begun to take on the color of deliberate

information warfare. Consider these examples, many of which introduced

quickly-copied innovations to the virus writer’s repertoire:

•W32/CIH.Spacefiller destroyed the flash BIOS in workstations it infected,

effectively preventing them from booting. It also overwrote parts of the

infected hard disk with garbage data.

•XM/Compat.A rewrote the data inside Microsoft Excel spreadsheet files. It

used advanced polymorphic concealment techniques, which meant that

with each infection it changed the signature bytes that indicated its

presence and allowed anti-virus scanners to find it.

Preface

viii McAfee VirusScan Anti-Virus Software

•W32/Ska, though technically a worm, replaced the infected computer’s

WinSock file so that it could attach itself to outgoing Simple Mail Transfer

Protocol (SMTP) messages and postings to USENET news groups. This

strategy made it commonplace in many areas.

•Remote Explorer stole the security privileges of a Windows NT domain

administrator and used them to install itself as a Windows NT Service. It

also deposited copies of itself in the Windows NT driver directory and

carried with it a supporting Dynamic Link Library (.DLL) file that allowed

it to randomly encrypt data files. Because it appeared almost exclusively at

one corporate site, security experts speculated that it was a deliberate,

targeted attack on the unfortunate company’s network integrity.

•Back Orifice, the product of a group calling itself the Cult of the Dead Cow,

purported to give the owner of the client portion of the Back Orifice

application complete remote access to any Windows 95 or Windows 98

workstation that runs the concealed companion server. That access—from

anywhere on the Internet—allowed the client to capture keystrokes; open,

copy, delete, or run files; transmit screen captures; and restart, crash, or

shut down the infected computer. To add insult to injury, early Back

Orifice releases on CD-ROM carried a W32/CIH.Spacefiller infection.

Throughout much of 1999, virus and worm attacks suddenly stepped up in

intensity and in the public eye. Part of the reason for this, of course, is that

many of the more notorious viruses and worms took full advantage of the

Internet, beginning a long-predicted assault by flooding e-mail transmissions,

websites, newsgroups and other available channels at an almost exponential

rate of growth. They now bullied their way into network environments,

spreading quickly and leaving a costly trail of havoc behind them.

W97M/Melissa, the “Melissa”virus, jolted most corporate information

technology departments out of whatever remaining complacency they had

held onto in the face of the newer virus strains. Melissa brought corporate

e-mail servers down across the United States and elsewhere when it struck in

March 1999. Melissa instructed e-mail client programs to send out infected

e-mail messages to the first 50 entries in each target computer’s address book.

This transformed a simple macro virus infection with no real payload into an

effective denial-of-service attack on mail servers.

Melissa’s other principle innovation was its direct attempt to play on end-user

psychology: it forged an e-mail message from a sender the recipient knew, and

sent it with a subject line that urged that recipient to open both the message

and the attached file. In this way, Melissa almost made the need for viral code

to spread itself obsolete—end users themselves cooperated in its propagation,

and their own computers blindly participated.

Administrator’s Guide ix

Preface

A rash of Melissa variants and copycats appeared soon after. Some, such as

W97M/Prilissa, included destructive payloads. Later the same year, a number

of new viruses and worms either demonstrated novel or unexpected ways to

get into networks and compromise information security, or actually

perpetuated attacks. Examples included:

•W32/ExploreZip.worm and its variants, which used some of Melissa’s

techniques to spread, initially through e-mail. After it successfully infected

a host machine, ExploreZip searched for unsecured network shares and

quietly copied itself throughout a network. It carried a destructive payload

that erased various Windows system files and Microsoft Office documents,

replacing them with an unrecoverable zero-byte-length files.

•W32/Pretty.worm, which did Melissa one better by sending itself to every

entry in the infected computer’s MAPI address book. It also connected to

an Internet Relay Chat (IRC) server, joined a particular IRC channel, then

opened a path to receive commands via the IRC connection. This

potentially allowed those on the channel to siphon information from the

infected computer, including the computer name and owner’s name, his or

her dial-up networking user name and password, and the path to the

system root directory.

•W32/FunLove.4099, which infected ActiveX .OCX files, among others.

This meant that it could lurk on web pages with ActiveX content, and infect

systems with low or nonexistent browser security settings as they

downloaded pages to their hard disks. If a Windows NT computer user

had logged into a system with administrative rights, the infecting virus

would patch two critical system files that gave all users on the network

—including the virus—administrative rights to all files on the target

computer. It spread further within the network by attaching itself to files

with the extensions .SCR, .OCX, and .EXE.

•VBS/Bubbleboy, a proof-of-concept demonstration that showed that a

virus could infect target computers directly from e-mail messages

themselves, without needing to propagate through message attachments.

It effectively circumvented desktop anti-virus protection altogether, at

least initially. Its combination of HTML and VBScript exploited existing

vulnerabilities in Internet-enabled mail systems; its author played upon the

same end-user psychology that made Melissa successful.

The other remarkable development in the year was the degree to which virus

writers copied, fused, and extended each others’techniques. This cross-

pollination had always occurred previously, but the speed at which it took

place and the increasing sophistication of the tools and techniques that became

available during this period prepared very fertile ground for a nervously

awaited bumper crop of intricate viruses.

Preface

x McAfee VirusScan Anti-Virus Software

Information security as a business necessity

Coincidentally or not, these darkly inventive new virus attacks and speedy

propagation methods appeared as more businesses made the transition to

Internet-based information systems and electronic commerce operations. The

convenience and efficiency that the Internet brought to business saved money

and increased profits. This probably also made these same businesses

attractive targets for pranksters, the hacker underground, and those intent on

striking at their favored targets.

Previously, the chief costs from a virus attack were the time and money it took

to combat an infection and restore computer systems to working order. To

those costs the new types of virus attacks now added the costs of lost

productivity, network and server downtime, service denials for e-mail and

other critical business tools, exposure—and perhaps widespread distribution

—of confidential information, and other ills.

Ultimately, the qualifying differences between a hacker-directed security

breach in a network and a security breach that results from a virus attack

might become merely ones of intent and method, not results. Already new

attacks have shaken the foundations of Net-enabled businesses, many of

which require 24-hour availability for networks and e-mail, high data

integrity, confidential customer lists, secure credit card data and purchase

verification, reliable communications, and hundreds of other computer-aided

transactional details. The costs from these virus attacks in the digital economy

now cut directly into the bottom line.

Because they do, protecting that bottom line means implementing a total

solution for information and network security—one that includes

comprehensive anti-virus protection. It’s not enough to rely only on

desktop-based anti-virus protection, or on haphazard or ad hoc security

measures. The best defense requires sealing all potential points by which

viruses can enter or attack your network, from the firewall and gateway down

to the individual workstation, and keeping the anti-virus sentries at those

points updated and current.

Part of the solution is deploying the McAfee Active Virus Defense* software

suite, which provides a comprehensive, multi-platform series of defensive

perimeters for your network. You can also build on that security with the

McAfee Active Security suite, which allows you to monitor your network

against intrusions, watch actual network packet traffic, and encrypt e-mail and

network transmissions. But even with anti-virus and security software

installed, new and previously unidentified viruses will inevitably find their

way into your network. That’s where the other part of the equation comes in:

a thorough, easy-to-follow anti-virus security policy and set of practices for

your enterprise—in the last analysis, only that can help to stop a virus attack

before it becomes a virus epidemic.

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