AEA PAKRATT PK-232 Product manual

TECHNICAL REFERENCE MANUAL

MODEL PK-232 DATA CONTROLLER

ADVANCED ELECTRONICS APPLICATIONS, INC.

(Preliminary Release)

PK-232 TECHNICAL MANUAL

PK232TM Rev. A 5/87 i Page 2

PREFACE TO THE PK-232 TECHNICAL REFERENCE MANUAL

Please ead this p eface in its enti ety. It contains info mation about how to eceive wa anty se v-

ice f om AEA, the cu ent softwa e installed in you PK-232 and AEA's softwa e update policy. This

info mation is impo tant; if you do not ead it, you may damage you unit.

RF Inte fe ence Info mation To Use

This PK-232 has been ce tified unde the limits fo Class B computing devices unde Subpa t J of

Pa t 15 of the FCC ules, and is listed unde FCC Identification Numbe DLX42690056.

This equipment gene ates and uses adio f equency ene gy. If it is not installed and used p ope ly,

that is, in st ict acco dance with AEA's inst uctions, it may cause inte fe ence to adio and TV e-

ception. It has been type tested and has been found to comply with the limits of a Class B comput-

ing device in acco dance with the specifications in Subpa t J of Pa t 15 of the FCC ules, which a e

designed to p ovide easonable p otection against such inte fe ence in a esidential installation.

Howeve , the e is no gua antee that inte fe ence will not occu in a pa ticula installation. If this

equipment does cause inte fe ence to adio o TV eception, which can be dete mined by tu ning

the PK-232 on and off, the use is encou aged to t y and co ect the inte fe ence using one o

mo e of the following measu es:

Reo ient the antenna of the device eceiving inte fe ence.

Relocate the compute with espect to this device.

Plug the compute into diffe ent outlet so the compute and the device a e on diffe ent b anch

ci cuits.

If necessa y, the use should consult the deale o an expe ienced Radio/TV technician fo additio-

nal suggestions. The use may find 'How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Inte fe ence P oblems',

a booklet p epa ed by the FCC, helpful.

USE SHIELDED CABLE FOR ALL RS-232 CONNECTIONS

As pa t of its continuing p og am of p oduct imp ovement, AEA ese ves the ight to make changes

in this p oduct's specifications. Changes will be made pe iodically to the info mation in this docu-

ment. These changes will be inco po ated in new issues of this manual.

The e may be technical in accu acies o typog aphical e o s in this document. Please add ess

comments and co ections to AEA Inco po ated, PO Box C2160, Lynnwood, WA 98036-0918. AEA

ese ves the ight to inco po ate and issue any info mation thus supplied in whateve manne it

deems suitable without incu ing and obligations whateve .

FIRST ISSUE - PRELIMINARY RELEASE (MAY 1987)

I/A/W Softwa e Release Date 21-Jan-87

PK-232 TECHNICAL MANUAL

PK232TM Rev. A 5/87 ii Page 3

INTRODUCTION

You AEA PK-232 Data Cont olle is the connection between you compute and adios. The PK-232

pe fo ms all of the cont ol, modulation, demodulation, coding and encoding function equi ed to

establish and maintain data and text communications between you station and any othe suitably-

equipped station, as well as othe communication facilities equipped fo digital communications.

The PK-232's packet system softwa e is de ived f om and compatible with the o iginal TAPR TNCs

and p esents many of the advanced featu es of that design, coupled with significant enhance-

ments based on expe ience gained by thousands of TAPR-equipped amateu packet stations wo ld-

wide.

This manual is you efe ence guide to the technical aspects of the PK-232, its maintenance and

epai , as well as special softwa e info mation fo p og amme s and applications develope s in digi-

tal Amateu Radio.

BATTERY BACK-UP

You PK-232 uses batte ies to back up the use -p og ammable values in the system. If you don't

install batte ies, you'll have to e-ente all of you pe sonal system settings each time you tu n on

the PK-232. You PK-232 will ope ate no mally in all modes but will not etain you pe sonalized pa-

amete s such as you call sign, until you install th ee AA-size batte ies in the batte y holde inside

the chassis cove . We ecommend that you choose alkaline batte ies fo this application.

Remove the fou sc ews f om the sides and the two sc ews f om the ea of the chassis. then

lift off the PK-232's cove . Take ca e not to distu b the black o ed wi es that attach the bat-

te y holde to the p inted ci cuit boa d.

Find the positive and negative symbols embossed on the inside of the batte y holde . Inse t

each batte y, ca efully matching the positive symbols on the batte y with the positive symbols

on the holde .

Replace the cove and the six sc ews.

The batte y back-up etains all the pa amete s except the time-of-day clock and the MHEARD

(Monito Hea d) list. These two functions a e cont olled by the mic op ocesso .

PK-232 TECHNICAL MANUAL

PK232TM Rev. A 5/87 TOC-1 Page 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION

Pa ag aph Page

1.1 Int oduction ..................................................................................... 1-1 7

1.2 Scope .............................................................................................. 1-1 7

1.3 Gene al Desc iption ........................................................................... 1-1 7

1.4 Specifications .................................................................................... 1-1 7

1.4.1 Ope ating Modes .................................................................... 1-2 8

1.4.2 Modem Cha acte istics ............................................................ 1-2 8

1.4.3 P ocesso System ................................................................... 1-2 8

1.4.4 Input/Output Connections ....................................................... 1-2 8

1.4.5 Cont ols and Indicato s ........................................................... 1-3 9

1.4.6 Gene al ................................................................................. 1-3 9

CHAPTER 2 – FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

2.1 Majo Sections .................................................................................. 2-1 10

2.1.1 Analog Section ....................................................................... 2-1 10

2.1.2 Digital Section ........................................................................ 2-1 10

2.1.3 Input/Output Section .............................................................. 2-1 10

2.1.4 Display Section ....................................................................... 2-1 10

2.1.5 Powe Dist ibution .................................................................. 2-1 10

CHAPTER 3 – THEORY OF OPERATION

3.1 System Diag ams .............................................................................. 3-1 11

3.1.1 Block Diag ams ...................................................................... 3-1 11

3.1.2 Logic Diag ams ...................................................................... 3-1 11

3.1.3 Schematic Diag ams ............................................................... 3-1 11

3.2 Analog Subsystem ............................................................................. 3-2 12

3.2.1 Receive Function .................................................................... 3-2 12

3.2.1.1 Receive Ci cuits ........................................................... 3-2 12

3.2.2 T ansmit Function ................................................................... 3-3 13

3.2.2.1 T ansmit Ci cuits .......................................................... 3-3 13

3.3 Digital Subsystem ............................................................................. 3-3 13

3.3.1 Z80A Cent al P ocessing Unit ................................................... 3-3 13

3.3.2 Memo y ................................................................................. 3-4 14

3.3.3 8536 CIO Counte /Time and Pa allel I/O Unit .......................... 3-4 14

3.3.4 8530 SCC Se ial Communications Cont olle .............................. 3-6 16

PK-232 TECHNICAL MANUAL

PK232TM Rev. A 5/87 TOC-2 Page 5

CHAPTER 4 – HOST MODE AND SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

Pa ag aph Page

4.1 Int oduction to Host Mode ................................................................. 4-1 18

4.1.1 Why Do We Need a Host Mode ................................................ 4-1 18

4.1.2 How does Host Mode Help Us? ................................................ 4-1 18

4.1.3 Ente ing Host Mode ................................................................ 4-2 19

4.1.4 Leaving Host Mode ................................................................. 4-2 19

4.1.5 The Host Mode Dialog ............................................................. 4-2 19

4.1.6 Host Mode Recove y ............................................................. 4-3 20

4.2 Host Compute Commands ................................................................ 4-3 20

4.2.1 Unsuppo ted Commands ......................................................... 4-4 21

4.2.2 Host Mode Mnemonic Indicato s .............................................. 4-4 21

4.2.3 CONNECT and DISCONNECT ................................................... 4-5 22

4.2.4 ON/OFF Booleans o Switches ................................................. 4-5 22

4.2.5 TXDELAY ............................................................................... 4-5 22

4.2.6 SENDPAC ............................................................................... 4-5 22

4.2.7 Inte ogation o Que y Commands ........................................... 4-5 22

4.3 PK-232 Responses ............................................................................. 4-5 22

4.3.1 Responses to Inte ogation o Que y Commands ....................... 4-6 23

4.3.2 OPMODE Response ................................................................. 4-7 24

4.3.3 Link Status Request Response ................................................. 4-7 24

4.3.4 Call Sign Fo mats ................................................................... 4-7 24

4.4 Sending Data to the PK-232 ............................................................... 4-8 25

4.4.1 Data Polling ........................................................................... 4-8 25

4.4.2 The HPOLL Command ............................................................. 4-8 25

4.4.3 Special Case in AMTOR ........................................................... 4-9 26

4.4.4 Link Messages ........................................................................ 4-9 26

4.5 Host Mode and Special Packet Applications ......................................... 4-9 26

4.6 Raw HDLC ........................................................................................ 4-9 26

4.7 "KISS" TNC Asynch onous Packet P otocol .......................................... 4-10 27

4.7.1 Sta ting "KISS" TNC Ope ation ................................................ 4-11 28

4.7.2 "KISS" TNC Special Cha acte s ................................................. 4-11 28

4.7.3 "KISS" TNC F ame St uctu e .................................................... 4-11 28

4.7.4 "KISS" TNC Commends ........................................................... 4-11 28

4.7.4.1 TXDELAY: CTL = $01 .................................................... 4-11 28

4.7.4.2 PERSISTENCE: CTL = $02 ............................................ 4-12 29

4.7.4.3 SLOTTIME: CTL = $03 .................................................. 4-12 29

4.7.4.4 TXTAIL: CTL = $04 ...................................................... 4-12 29

4.7.4.5 FULLDUP: CTL = $05 ................................................... 4-13 30

4.7.4.6 HOST OFF: CTL = $FF .................................................. 4-13 30

4.7.4.7 DATA: CTL = $00 ......................................................... 4-13 30

4.8 Maximum Block Size .......................................................................... 4-14 31

4.9 MEMORY, I/O and ADDRESS Commands ............................................. 4-14 31

4.9.1 MEMORY Command ................................................................ 4-14 31

4.9.2 ADDRESS Command ............................................................... 4-14 31

4.9.3 I/O Command ........................................................................ 4-15 32

4.10 Conve se and T anspa ent Modes ....................................................... 4-15 32

4.11 MHEARD Command in Host Mode ....................................................... 4-15 32

4.12 Softwa e Release Date Code .............................................................. 4-16 33

4.13 P oduct Type Code ............................................................................ 4-16 33

PK-232 TECHNICAL MANUAL

PK232TM Rev. A 5/87 TOC-3 Page 6

CHAPTER 5 – MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY AND DIS ASSEMBLY

Pa ag aph Page

5.1 Cove Removal .................................................................................. 5-1 34

5.2 Ci cuit Boa d Removal ....................................................................... 5-

5.3 Ci cuit Boa d Assembly ...................................................................... 5-2 35

5.4 Cove Assembly ................................................................................ 5-

CHAPTER 6 – ADJUSTMENTS

6.1 P elimina y Setup .............................................................................. 6-1 36

6.2 Calib ation P ocedu e ........................................................................ 6-

6.2.1 AFSK Gene ato (T ansmit) Adjustments ................................... 6-2 37

6.2.2 Demodulato (Receive) Adjustments ........................................ 6-3 38

6.3 Functional Tests ................................................................................ 6-

CHAPTER 7 – TROUBLESHOOTING

7.1 Int oduction ..................................................................................... 7-1 40

7.2 Gene al Tests .................................................................................... 7-

7.2.1 Powe Supply ......................................................................... 7-

7.2.2 Obvious P oblems ................................................................... 7-2 41

7.2.3 Assembly P oblems ................................................................. 7-

7.2.4 Cabling P oblems .................................................................... 7-

7.3 Specific Symptoms ............................................................................ 7-

7.3.1 Symptom: Cont olle appea s dead .......................................... 7-

7.3.2 Symptom: Modem cannot be calib ated .................................... 7-4 43

7.3.3 Symptom: T ansmitte cannot be keyed ................................... 7-

7.3.4 Symptom: T ansmitte signals not copyable by othe stations ..... 7-

7.3.5 Symptom: Received signals not copyable .................................. 7-

7.4 Te minal Inte face T oubleshooting ..................................................... 7-5 44

7.4.1 Symptom: Cont olle does not communicate with the te minal .... 7-

7.4.2 Symptom: Cont olle signs on with mutilated data ..................... 7-

7.4.3 Symptom: Cont olle does not espond o accept commands ..... 7-6 45

APPENDIX A – AX.25 LEVEL 2 PROTOCOL ..................................................... A 46

APPENDIX B – "KISS" TNC SPECIFICATION ................................................... B 70

APPENDIX C – DRAWINGS ........................................................................... C 75

APPENDIX D – WAVEFFORMS ....................................................................... D 83

Last Page 101

PK-232 TECHNICAL MANUAL CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION

PK232TM Rev. A 5/87 1-1 Page 7

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION

1.1 Int oduction

This Technical Refe ence Manual will assist you to maintain, epai and adjust you PK-232

Data Cont olle . Please use this manual in conjunction with AEA's Ope ating Manual fo the

PK-232, Revision D.

The PK-232 Ope ating Manual contains complete and detailed info mation on cont olle op-

e ating p ocedu es, cont olle commands and syntax, gene al installation methods, te minal

and adio connections, as well as connecto wi ing diag ams, p inted ci cuit boa d sche-

matics, boa d layout d awings and pa ts list.

1.2 Scope

This manual includes info mation on theo y of ope ation, ha dwa e desc iptions and t ouble-

shooting inst uctions and cha ts. In addition, detailed info mation on the PK-232's Host

mode is p esented fo the benefit of p og amme s and softwa e application develope s.

1.3 Gene al Desc iption

AEA's Model PK-232 is a multi-mode p otocol conve te and data cont olle that includes

self-contained modems fo all modes.

The PK-232 sends and eceives Mo se Baudot and ASCII RTTY, facsimile, AMTOR/SITOR and

AX.25 packet. The PK-232 conve ts these signals to ASCII data end sends the data to you

te minal via an EIA standa d RS-232 (CCITT V.24/V.28) se ial po t, and to you p inte via a

special Cent onics-type pa allel inte face. Except fo the p inte inte face, the eve se p oce-

du es conve t ASCII data typed at you te minal to the signals and p otocols equi ed fo

t ansmission to othe stations.

All necessa y tone gene ation and demodulation (modem) functions a e built in; howeve ,

exte nal modems can be connected to the PK-232 via dedicated ea -panel connecto s. All

decoding, encoding, p otocol and t ansmitte cont ol outines a e sto ed in the PK-232's

fi mwa e in PROM and inte nal p og am memo y.

Ope ating modes, speeds, modem tone pai s, filte bandwidths and system p otocols a e se-

lected by typing commands on you compute o data te minal. Any communications o te -

minal emulato no mally used with a telephone line modem can be used with the PK-

232.

1.4 Specifications

As pa t of its p og am of p oduct imp ovement, AEA ese ves the ight to make changes in

this p oduct's specifications. Changes will be made to the info mation in this document and

inco po ated in evisions to this manual. Specifications a e subject to change without notice.

1.4.1 Ope ating Modes

The PK-232 p ovides ope ation in Mo se, Baudot, ASCII, AMTOR/SITOR, half- o full-du-

plex Packet Radio in acco dance with AX.25 p otocols, facsimile, SIAM and Host and

"KISS" TNC modes fo use with packet p otocols othe than AX.25.

PK-232 TECHNICAL MANUAL CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION

PK232TM Rev. A 5/87 1-2 Page 8

1.4.2 Modem Cha acte istics

Demodulato : Limite -disc iminato type, p eceded by an eight-pole

Chebyshev 0.5 dB ipple bandpass filte

Receive bandpass: Automatically switched by ope ating mode

VHF packet: Cente f equency 1700 Hz, bandwidth 2600 Hz

HF (except CW): Cente f equency 2210 Hz, bandwidth 450 Hz

CW: Cente f equency 800 Hz, bandwidth 200 Hz

Modulato : Low-disto tion AFSK sine wave function gene ato ,

phase-continuous AFSK

Output Level: 5 to 100 millivolts RMS, adjustable by ea -panel con-

t ol

1.4.3 P ocesso System

P otocol conve sion: Zilog Z-80 mic op ocesso

RAM: 16 kilobytes

ROM: Up to 48 kilobytes of ROM may be used

Ha dwa e HDLC: Zilog 8530 SCC

1.4.4 Input/Output Connections

Radio Inte face: Two five-pin TTL connecto s, selectable on the f ont

panel

Input/output Lines: Receive audio

T ansmit audio

Push-To-Talk (PTT)

Exte nal squelch input

G ound

Exte nal modem connecto Five-pin TTL - TXD, RXD, DCD, PTT, G ound

Di ect FSK Outputs No mal and eve se

Oscilloscope Outputs Ma k (Stop) and Space (Sta t)

CW keying Outputs Positive: +100 VDC max. at up to 100 mA

Negative: -30 VDC max. at up to 20 mA

Te minal Inte face: RS-232C 25-pin DB25 connecto

Input/Output RS-232 with full ha dwa e and softwa e handshake on

wi es 1-8 and 20

Te minal Data Rates Auto-baud selection of 300, 1200, 2400, 4800 and

9600 BPS. TBAUD adds 110, 150, 200 and 600 BPS.

PK-232 TECHNICAL MANUAL CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION

PK232TM Rev. A 5/87 1-3 Page 9

1.4.5 Cont ols and Indicato s

F ont Panel Cont ols: Powe Switch

Radio Selecto Switch

Th eshold Adjust

Indicato s: Ten-segment disc iminato -type ba g aph indicato fo

HF tuning.

DCD LED (Data Ca ie Detect)

Status and Mode Indicato s: Mode G oup Status G oup

BAUDOT STBY

ASCII PHASE

PKT IDLE

MORSE ERROR/CONV

CHECK OVER

FEC TFC/TRANS

ARQ RQ/CMD

MODE L CON

STBY STA

MULT

SEND

1.4.6 Gene al

Powe Requi ements: +13 VDC (12 to 16 VDC) at 700 mA

Mechanical: Ove all 11" × 8.25" × 2.5" (279.4 × 209.6 × 63.5 mm)

Weight 3 pounds (1.36 kilog ams)

PK-232 TECHNICAL MANUAL CHAPTER 2 – FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

PK232TM Rev. A 5/87 2-1 Page 10

CHAPTER 2 – FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

2.1 Majo Sections

The PK-232 Data Cont olle has five majo functional blocks:

o Analog o Display

o Digital o Powe Dist ibution

o Input/Output (I/O)

Each of these functional blocks has its own distinct functions. The following pa ag aphs de-

sc ibe each section.

Refe to the PK-232 Functional Block Diag am, Figu e 1 in Appendix C, while eading these

desc iptions.

2.1.1 Analog Section

The analog section consists of active filte s, limite s, a th eshold detecto , DCD (Data Ca -

ie Detect and diode disc iminato ci cuits. Analog switches automatically adjust va ious

ci cuit cha acte istics fo each ope ating mode.

2.1.2 Digital Section

The digital section contains a mic op ocesso , ead only memo y (ROM) andom access

memo y (RAM), two c ystal-cont olled clock gene ato s an a va iety of "glue" chips to

gate and isolate the digital signals.

2.1.3 Input/Output Section

The I/O Section p ovides a standa d se ial data path in acco dance with EIA RS-232-C

and CCITT Recommendations V.24/V.28, between the PK-232 and the associated com-

pute o te minal.

The I/O section contains an HDLC (High-Level Data Link Cont ol) t anslato ; output d iv-

e s fo AFSK tones, DC logic voltages fo di ect FSK t ansmitte keying, CW DC keying sig-

nals, a watchdog time and PTT (push-to-talk) switching voltages fo the associated t ans-

mitte .

The I/O section also isolates input and output cont ol signal buffe s and p ovides ci cuits

fo connecting an exte nal modem.

All cont ol and communications to and f om the PK-232 pass th ough the I/O section.

2.1.4 Display Section

The display section consists of a tuning indicato and its associated d ive ; status and

mode indicato s with thei d ive s and eceive s; a DCD indicato and a th eshold cont ol.

2.1.5 Powe Dist ibution Section

The Powe dist ibution section contains voltage egulato s, DC-to-DC conve te s fo the

PK-232's ope ating system and a batte y system fo backing up maintaining the data

sto ed in RAM.

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