SKC Reusable Parallel Particle Impactor User manual

SKC Reusable Parallel Particle Impactors (PPI)

The patented†impaction-based SKC Reusable Parallel Particle Impactor

(PPI®) Samplers are designed to match precisely the collection eﬃciency

curves for respirable and thoracic dust specified by ISO 7708/

CEN and adopted by ACGIH, CEN, and other occupational

hygiene organizations. The performance of the respirable

PPI samplers also meets the ISO 7708/CEN criteria included

in the OSHA ﬁnal silica rule. The thoracic model meets the

requirements of NIOSH Method 5524 for metalworking

fluids and compounds with ACGIH®thoracic TLV®s.

Constructed of conductive aluminum, these PPI Samplers

may be reused and oﬀer a choice of ﬂow rates for maximum

ﬂexibility in pump options, sample duration, and contaminant

concentration.

Performance Proﬁle

Sampling Rate: 2 L/min respirable or thoracic and 4 or 8 L/min

respirable

Sample Pump: • Universal XR or AirChek®Series for 2 and 4 L/min

• Leland Legacy®for 8 L/min

Sample Time: Dependent on method used. Note: SKC tests indicate that a

particulate mass of up to 6.8 mg on the four impaction substrates would

not aﬀect PPI performance. This amount is equivalent to sampling for

6 hours at 4 L/min in environments where respirable mass concentration

is 4.76 mg/m3 and equals 50% of total dust. However, labs have reported

to SKC that they prefer no more than 2 mg on the ﬁlter for analytical reasons.

Therefore, SKC recommends that you work with your lab to determine

optimum sample times for your unique sampling conditions.

Sample Media: 37-mm PVC ﬁlter, 5.0-μm pore size or

37-mm PTFE ﬁlter,* 2.0-μm pore size (NIOSH 5524) or

37-mm MCE ﬁlter, 0.8-μm pore size

Use cellulose pad or stainless steel screen for support.

Impaction

Substrate: Four 3/8-in diameter pre-oiled porous plastic discs

Analysis: Gravimetric or chemical

Body Material: Conductive aluminum

Dimensions:

Height: 4.25 in (10.8 cm) - clip to exhaust

Diameter: 1.8 in (4.6 cm)

Depth: 1.2 in (3.0 cm)

Weight: 3.3 oz (93.6 gm)

† U.S. Patent No. 7,073,402

* Back pressure on PTFE ﬁlters can vary within the same lot.

Operating Instructions

863 Valley View Road, Eighty Four, PA 15330 USA

Tel: 724-941-9701 • www.skcinc.com

Principle of Operation

SKC Reusable PPI Samplers are impaction-based

ﬁlter samplers that perform precise size selection

for either thoracic or respirable dust, depending

on the model. PPI Samplers contain four small

impactors in the inlet section of the device.

Each impactor features a unique 50% cut-point

to target a specific one-quarter segment of the

ISO/CEN curve resulting in a precise fit along

the entire curve. A sample pump operating at

2, 4, or 8 L/min (2 L/min only for thoracic) pulls

air through the inlet nozzle of each impactor

in the inlet plate. Particles larger than each

impactor’s 50% cut-point are scrubbed and

retained by impaction onto the porous oiled

impaction substrate contained in each impactor.

Smaller particles continue to the standard

37-mm collection filter for analysis. See

www.skcinc.com/prod/225-380.asp and click on

More Information for performance graphs.

Media Preparation

Filters: Condition and weigh ﬁlters according to method used. Record the weight as

the pre-sample weight.

Impaction Substrate: Using an oiled impaction substrate reduces particle

bounce. Replacement pre-oiled disposable porous plastic discs are available as SKC Cat. No.

225-388. See Ordering Information.

Inserting a Collection Filter into the PPI

The PPI will arrive already assembled. Disassemble it to

insert collection ﬁlter.

1. Unscrew and remove two screws that hold the inlet

plate to the base plate.

2. Lift oﬀinlet plate to expose impaction plate.

3. Lift oﬀimpaction plate to expose base plate.

Inlet plate

Impaction

substrates (4)

Standard 37-mm

collection ﬁlter

and support pad

Base plate with

exhaust to pump

Dust enters here

4. Using forceps, insert a 37-mm support pad and a 37-mm collection ﬁlter into the

base plate.

Inserting Impaction Substrates into the PPI

1. Ensure a support and collection ﬁlter have been loaded into the base plate. See

Inserting a Collection Filter into the PPI.

2. Using forceps, insert a pre-oiled impaction substrate

into each of the four indentations in the impaction

plate.

Impaction substrates have a smooth/shiny side

and a rough/dull side. For optimum particle capture

efﬁciency, place substrate smooth/shiny side down

in the impaction plate.

3. Align pins in inlet plate with holes in impaction plate

and press together.

Pins will allow impactor to be assembled one

way only.

4. Grip impaction plate and inlet plate together and twist

on base plate until screw holes are aligned.

5. Replace and tighten two screws to secure inlet plate to

base plate.

• Use forceps to carefully insert or remove impaction substrate and collection ﬁlter.

See Accessories for forceps.

• SKC recommends using new impaction substrates for each sample period.

Tip

Tips

Calibration and Sampling

As the particle load on the ﬁlter increases during sampling, the pressure drop

will also increase. Therefore, use a compensating sample pump such as the

AirChek Series or Leland Legacy depending on ﬂow rate requirements.

Calibration

Calibrate pump ﬂow rate with the PPI (support, ﬁlter, and impaction substrates

loaded) in line. See pump and calibrator operating instructions.

1. Ensure impactor is loaded with a support, collection ﬁlter, and impaction

substrates and that it is fully assembled. See Inserting a Collection Filter into the PPI

and Inserting Impaction Substrates into the PPI.

2. Use a calibration jar to calibrate pump ﬂow rate.

a. Unscrew jar lid and remove.

b. Using supplied adapter, aach soft tubing end to

PPI outlet. Aach rigid end of adapter to Luer adapter in center of jar lid.

c. With PPI aached, place lid on jar and screw

down until tight.

d. Aach center tubing on outside of jar lid to pump inlet.

e. Use 1/4-inch tubing to aach calibrator to barbed elbow

ﬁing on outside of jar lid.

Tip

3. Calibrate the sample pump to the speciﬁed ﬂow rate.

See sample pump and calibrator operating instructions.

4. Disconnect tubing and remove calibration jar and

calibrator when calibration is completed.

Sampling

SKC tests indicate that a particulate mass of up to 6.8 mg on the four impaction

substrates would not affect PPI performance. This amount is equivalent to sampling

for 6 hours at 4 L/min in environments where respirable mass concentration is

4.76 mg/m3 and equals 50% of total dust. However, labs have reported to SKC that

they prefer no more than 2 mg on the ﬁlter for analytical reasons. Therefore, SKC

recommends that you work with your lab to determine optimum sample times for

your unique sampling conditions.

1. If required, replace representative sample media used for calibration with new,

preweighed media. See Media Preparation.

2. Record sample start time on label.

3. Clip PPI onto a worker’s collar or lapel in the breathing zone or in the area to be

sampled.

4. Clip sample pump at the worker’s waist or close to the PPI.

5. Use ﬂexible tubing to aach the PPI outlet to the inlet of the sample pump.

6. Turn on pump and record pertinent sample data.

7. After the desired sample time has elapsed, turn oﬀthe pump and record sample

stop time.

8. Reinstate calibration train and verify ﬂow rate. See Calibration.

9. Remove pump and tubing from the impactor.

Removing the Collection Filter and Impaction Substrates

1. Unscrew and remove the two screws that hold the

inlet plate to the base plate.

2. Lift oﬀinlet plate to expose impaction plate.

3. Use a thin, ﬂat implement to remove impaction sub-

strates and discard them.

4. Lift oﬀimpaction plate to expose base plate.

5. Use forceps to remove collection ﬁlter and place in an

appropriate container for shipment to a laboratory.

Transporting Samples and Analysis

Package and transport samples and blanks in a manner that will prevent sample loss

and contamination and send to an accredited laboratory for gravimetric or chemical

analysis.

Cleaning

For optimum performance, the PPI inlet and the impaction and base plates should

be cleaned after ﬁve runs or upon a noticeable buildup of material to remove oil and

other residue built up from frequent sampling. Disassemble the PPI and wash parts

in water with a liquid detergent or soap. Rinse and air-dry all parts thoroughly in a

clean environment.

Do not place any mechanical object in the inlet nozzles.

References

Trakumas, S., Hall, P., Personal Respirable Sampler Containing Four Impactors Arranged in Parallel,

Abstracts of 23rd Annual AAAR Conference, Atlanta, GA, 2004, p. 78

Trakumas, S., Salter, E., “Parallel Particle Impactor - Novel Size-selective Particle Sampler for

Accurate Fractioning of Inhalable Particles,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 151 (2009), 16 pp.,

012060, www.skcinc.com/instructions/Parallel Particle Impactor Paper.pdf

Reference 2 is an author-created, non-copyrighted version of an article accepted

for publication in the Journal of Physics; Conference Series 151. IOP Publishing Ltd.

is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or

any version derived from it. The deﬁnitive publisher authenticated version is avail-

able online. Go to hp://dx.doi.org, enter doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/151/1/012060.

Trakumas, S., “High-ﬂow Personal Respirator Dust Sampler for Increased Sensitivity,” Poster 261,

AIHce 2010, Denver, CO

Trakumas, S., “High-ﬂow Personal Sampler to Monitor Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica at

New Lower TLV,” IOHA 2010 8th Conference Book of Abstracts, Rome, p. 59

Trakumas, S., Salter, E., “High-Flow Personal Sampler to Monitor Exposure to Respirable Crystal-

line Silica at New Lower TLV” PowerPoint Presentation

OSHA Final Rule on Respirable Crystalline Silica, www.osha.gov/silica/

ISO 7708:1995 (2008), Air Quality — Particle Size Fraction Deﬁnitions for Health-related

Sampling, www.iso.org, search on 7708

Stacey, P., Thorpe, A., and Echt, A., “Performance of High Flow Rate Personal Respirable Samplers

When Challenged with Mineral Aerosols of Diﬀerent Particle Size Distributions,” Ann. Occup.

Hyg., 60, 2016, pp. 479-492, hp://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/content/60/4/479.full.pdf

Görner, P., Simon, X., Boivin, A., Bau, S., “Sampling Eﬃciency and Performance of Selected Thoracic

Aerosol Samplers,” Annals of Work Exposure and Health, 2017, Vol. 61, No. 7, 784-796

Ordering Information

PPI Samplers, require ﬁlter, substrates, and support Cat. No.

Respirable PPI (gold), 2 L/min, aluminum 225-380

Thoracic PPI (blue), 2 L/min, aluminum 225-381

Respirable PPI (orange), 4 L/min, aluminum 225-382

Respirable PPI (red), 8 L/min, aluminum 225-383

Recommended Collection Filters for PPI, required for sampling

Select a ﬁlter based on your application.

PVC Filters, 37 mm, 5.0-μm pore size, pk/100 225-5-37

PTFE Filters,* 37 mm, 2.0-μm pore size, with laminated PTFE support,

for metalworking ﬂuids (NIOSH 5524), pk/50 Contact SKC

MCE Filters, 37 mm, 0.8-μm pore size, pk/100 225-5

Filter Supports, required for sampling. Select either cellulose or stainless steel.

Support Pads, cellulose, 37 mm, pk/100 225-27

Support Screen, stainless steel, 37 mm, wide mesh, ea 225-26

Impaction Substrates, four required for each sample

Porous Plastic Discs, 3/8-inch diameter, pre-oiled, ready to use,

disposable, pk/200 225-388

Accessories

Multi-purpose Calibration Jar 225-111

Forceps, stainless steel, with non-serrated ﬂat tips 225-8371

Filter-Keeper, for transporting and storing 37-mm ﬁlter samples, pk/10 225-8303A

* Back pressure on PTFE ﬁlters can vary within the same lot.

SKC Limited Warranty and Return Policy

SKC products are subject to the SKC Limited Warranty and Return Policy, which

provides SKC’s sole liability and the buyer’s exclusive remedy. To view the complete

SKC Limited Warranty and Return Policy, go to hp://www.skcinc.com/warranty.

Form 38038 Rev 1901

www.skcinc.com

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