Kenwood TM-221A User manual

144MHz

FM

TRANSCEIVER

TM-221A/E/ES

SERVICE

MANUAL

KENWOOD

PRINTED

IN

JAPAN

‘B51-3217-00

(O)

1551

Knob

(Button)

(K29-3058-04)

x

3

Metallic

cabinet

(Top)

{A01-1021-03)

Knob

(Button)

(K27-0496-04)

x

2

Panel

ass’y*

(A20-)

KENWOOD

©

14miz

FM

TRANSCEIVER

TM-221A

16510

Knob

(Main)

(K29-3060-04)

Knob

(Button)

(K29-3070-04)

Knob

(Button)*

{K29-)

Knob

(Button)

(K29-3069-04)

Knob

(Button)

(K29-3067-04)

Knob

(Button)

{K29-3065-04)

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

.........0-c0cee

cues

2

SEMICONDUCTOR

DATA

...........0seeees

12

DESCRIPTION

OF

ELEMENTS

.............-.

13

PARIS

LIST

Gs

tresses

aOae

der

Beek

Gtet

a

ahs

16

EXPLODED

VIEW

sis;

cntnieiond

eh

ce

aah

eeahn

32

BACKING

fick

rvkin

Ge

ted

hee

tke

aden

dense

33

DISASSEMBLY

...........0eeceeeeceecuee

34

ADJUSTMENT

.......

ccc

0ccceeececeuees

35

PC

BOARD

VIEWS

LCD

ASS'Y

(B38-0303-05)

.......e.ees

cues

41

VCO

(X58-3090-00)

..

0.

ec

eee

cece aces

44

DRIVE

(X59-3120-00)

..

00.0.

e

cece

eee

eees

41

APC

(15059190200)...

05

bs

han

ahaadneks

42

(F

(X60-3140-00):

ais-oy

caduceus

aeredhowd

s

42

Knob

(VOL,

SQL)

(K29-3061-04)

x

2

CONTENTS

Microphone*

(T91-)

*

Refer

to

parts

list

on

page

16.

Photo

is

TM-221A.

SOL

(X59-3150-00)

2...

ee

eee

cee

42

MIC

(X59-3160-00)

21...

eee

ee

eee

42

VOL

(X59-3170-00)

2...

ee

eee

42

FINAL

UNIT

(X45-1330-03)

...

0...

.. ee

eee

43

FINAL

UNIT

(X45-1360-02)

..

2...

eee

43

CONTROL

UNIT

(X53-3040-XX).

2.2.2...

eee

44

TX-RX

UNIT

(X57-3060-XX)

2...

ee

45

SCHEMATIC

DIAGRAM

.................044-

49

LEVEL

DIAGRAM

...............0-02

20

eee

53

BLOCK

DIAGRAM

................200000-

54

TERMINAL

FUNCTIONS

................0.-

55

TSU-5

(CTCSS

UNIT)

©...

eee

ee

eee

56

SPECIFICATIONS

................

BACK

COVER

TM-221A/E/ES

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

TM-221A

(45W)

K

[

mi

[m2

TM-221ES

(45w)

11

|

mz

|

lw

Final

unit

X45-1360-02

X45-1330-03

X45-1360-02

Control

unit

X53-3040-1

1

[x53-3040-21

[

X53-3040-22

X53-3040-51 X53-3040-61

|

X53-3040-51

|

X53-3040-61

TX-RX

unit

X57-3060-11 X57-3060-51

X57-3060-52

Table

1

Comparison

of

TM-221A,

TM-221E

and

TM-221ES

Frequeny

configuration

The

TM-221A/E/ES

utilize

a

PLL

synthesizer

system

incorporating

a

digital

VFO.

(See

Fig.

1.)

The

channel

step

can

be

selected

as

5,

10,

12.5

(T,W),

15,

20,

or

25kHz.’

The

receiver

operates

as

a

double

conversion

system.

Re-

ceived

signals

are

mixed

with

the

first

local

oscillator

(133.305~137,300MHz

(K,M),

133,300~135.295MHz

(T,W))

to

produce

the

first

intermediate

frequency

of

10,.695MHz

(K,M),

10.7MHz

(T,W).

The

first

intermediate

frequency

is

mixed

with

the

second

local

oscillator

(10.24

MHz

(K,M),

10.245MHz

(T,W))

to

produce

the

second

intermediate

frequency

of

455kHz.

The

transmitter

system

consists

of

a

PLL

circuit

in-

corporating

a

direct

oscillator

and

direct

divider.

The

output

is

amplified

by

a

linear

amplifier

prior

to

being

transmission.

144~148MHz

(iM)

144~146MHz

(T,W)

1st

MIX

133.305~

Receiver

system

@

General

Incoming

signals

from

the

antenna

pass

through

a

low-

pass

filter

in

the

Transmitter

Final

unit

and

a

diode

trans-

mit/receive

switch,

then

enter

the

receiver

front

end.

After

passing

through

two

antenna

coils

the

signals

are

amplified

by

a

GaAs

(galium

arsenide)

FET

(Q1

3SK184(S).

Undesired

signals

are

removed

by

3

tuning

coils

(L19~L21

:

K,M)

or

a

3-pole

helical

resonator

(L3

:

TW).

The

resulting

signal

is

applied

to

the

first

mixer

Q2

:

3SK131(V12),

which

employs

an

N

channel

MOS

FET

to

obtain

good

2-signal

characteristics.

In

the

first

mixer

(Q2)

the

signal

is

mixed

with

the

first

local

oscillator

from

the

PLL

system

to

produce

the

first

IF

signal

of

10.695MHz

(K,M),

10.7MHz

(T,W).

Interfering

Adjacent

channel

interference

is

removed

from

the

first

IF

signal

by

a

two-stage

monolithic

crystal

filter

(MCF)

(L6).

455kHz

CFW455F

10.7MHz

(TW)

co

10.24MHz

(KM)

137.300MHz

{K,M)

133.300~

T

10.245MHz

(T,W)

135,.295MHz

(T,W)

‘Sams

eae

TT

7

PLL

|

SYSTEM

|

L.

a

_Jj

MIC

144,000~

147.995MHz

(KM)

144.000~

145.S95MHz

(T,W)

Fig.

1

Frequency

configuration

TM-221A/E/ES

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

The

first

IF

signal

is

amplified

by

Q3

:

2SC2714(Y)

Rating

—

+

:

|

i

AF

amp.

put

is

filtered

to

remove

the

second

intermediate

fre-

quency

component

(455kHz),

amplified

twice,

and

is

then

fed

to

the

rectifier.

After

rectification,

the

signal

passes

through

the

squelch

control

to

the

audio

limiter

circuit.

@

S-meter

circuit

:

The

S-meter

output

voltage

of

the

special

narrow-FM

iC

(TA7761F)

is

amplified

by

an_

inverting

amplifier,

then

fed

to

the

Control

unit.

The

microprocessor

converts

the

analog

voltage

to

a

digital

signal

that

is

used

to

control

10.7MHz2

+7.5kHz

or

more

at

3dB

+25kHz

or

less

at

40dB

+£45kHz

or

less

at

6OdB

70dB

or

more

within

£1MHz,

(Spurious

response

40dB

or

more

Guaranteed

attenuation

at

fo~fo

+

500kHz)

80dB

or

more

at

fo—(900~

Q20kHz)

Nominal

center

frequency

(fo)

Pass

bandwidth

ae

geal

iT

AW

R41

Attenuation

bandwidth

and

fed

toa

special

narrow-FM

IC

ate

Here

the

Nominal

conterfrequency

(ol

|

10.695MHz

|

HY

<

signal

is

mixed

with

the

10.24MHz

(K,

),

10.245MHz

Pee

bandwidih

os

+7

5kHz

or

more

at

308

rca

7

L

:

(T,W)

frequency

from

the

second

local

oscillator

to

pro-

1

e25kHz

or

less

at

40dB

2

>

3

8

duce

the

455kHz

second

IF

signal.

This

signal

is

sharpened

Attenuation

bandwidth

+ABkHz

or

less

at

60dB

2

Pr

|

g

8 8

by

passing

it

through

a

six-element

ceramic

filter

F0dB

or

more

within

£1MHz

‘omits

|

4

&xgas

(CFW455F).

The

signal

is

then

amplified

by

a

five-stage

40dB

or

more

spurious

at

|

2

#325

limiting

amplifier

contained

in

IC1. This

is

followed

by

Guaranteed

attenuation

fo~fo

+

500kHz

|

g

8

€

g

é

quadrature

detection

which

is

also

performed

by

{C1.

Un-

meee

at

|

:

i

Weeks

desirable

high-frequency

components

are

removed

from

Slice

z

|

ee

ee:

the

detected

signal

by

an

active

low-pass

filter.

The

signal

:

-

on

Pa

Pe

‘

:

Insertion

loss

1.5dB

or

less

SO0Se%5

a

then

passes

through

the

audio

volume

control,

then

is

Terminate

7

3kR/OpF

>

:

=

fs

£5

ag:

1s

7

e

natin

et

=

—

=

amplified

by

the

audio

power

amplifier

(1C4),

and

applied

ail

ee

e

3

|

:

TS8rars

to

the

speaker.

The

circuit

configuration

from

detection

Table

2-1

MCF

(L71-0216-05)

characteristics

ro

|

7

“

onward

is

shown

in

Fig.

2.

(TX-RX

unit

L6

:

K,M

type)

E

|

Oo

D

O

®

Squelch

circuit

:

[

:

5

The

noise

component

extracted

from

the

detector

out-

g

|

-

?

8

£

<

|

-

E

3S

2

fo)

Normally

on

en

bv

ee

VOL(X59-3170-00)

remote

controller

(option)

the

LCD

bar

meter.

Ripple

1,0dB

or

less

raane”

1

Sah

or

less

zg

i

sags

—

&

Table

2-2

MCF

(L71-0228-05)

characteristics

=n

as

Z

Ais

tue

tn

|

ong

hh

p:

Y

a

(TX-RX

unit

L6

:

T,W

type)

S25e

e

3s

aol

na

Sv

LE

os

<

es

E

e2ee

Soge

Suse

S238

Sts

BRS

e

Nominal

center

frequency

455kHzt1kHz

4

S

e

=

6dB

bandwidth

£6kHz

or

more

(from

455kHz)

z

4

ig

S°8S

Cc.

a

50dB

bandwidth

|

£12.5kHz

or

less

(from

455kHz)

oo

Le

Sas

Teme.

Rippie

-OfLS

ore

3dB

or

less

2Gees

(within

455£4kHz)

262

2

{Insertion

loss

6dB

or

less

Guaranteed

attenuation

350B

or

less

is

(within

455+100kHz)

(/O

impedance

2.0kQ

Table

3

Ceramic

filter

CFW455F

(L72-0315-05)

|

>

characteristics

(TX-RX

unit

L10)

&

|

i

E

ie

”

|

28

=

g|

£3

3

2

8,

|

Begs

g

(8S

2ld2

2.

Se

x

=

_

fod

n

|

Detector

output

UNIT

SQL

CONTROL

Fig.

2

Circuits

from

detector

output

onward

Noise

amp.

1st-stage

output

DT

and

CK

lines

are

shared

with

PLL

DT

and

CK

lines

VRi

VOL

CONTROL

UNIT

(X53-3040-XX)

TM-221A/E/ES

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

Transmitter

system

@

General

in

the

transmitter

system

the

desired

frequency

is

pro-

duced

directly

by

an

oscillator.

Frequency

modulation

is

obtained

directly

thru

the

use

of

a

varactor

diode.

@

Modulation

circuit

Audio

signals

from

the

microphone

are

applied

to

a

three-stage

operational

amplifier

which

adds

preemphasis,

performs

amplification

and

limiting,

and

includes

a

splatter

filter

to

remove

undesired

high-frequency

components.

After

amplification

by

the

operational

amplifier,

part

of

the

audio

signal

is

applied

to

the

microphone

check

circuit

used

in

the

low-power

mode.

In

the

FM

modulation

circuit,

the

frequency

of

the

VCO

is

directly

modulated

by

a

varactor

diode.

RO?

(TM-221E)

VR?

%

(TM-22tA/ES),

—

TX-RX

UNIT

TO

FINAL

UNIT

@

Preamplifier

stage

circuit

The

output

from

the

VCO

enters

the

linear

amplifier,

which

is

capable

of

high-quality

signal

amplification

because

it

operates

entirely

in

linear

mode.

APC,

(Auto-

matic

Power

Control)

is

performed

by

controlling

the

collector

voltage

of

the

3

stage

final

preamplifier

stage.

@

Power

amplifier

circuit

The

drive

signal

is

applied

to

the

power

module

and

amplified

to

the

required

level.

In

the

model

TM-221A/

ES

heat

is

dissipated

efficiently

by

a

large

mechanically

strong

heatsink.

@

APC

and

SWR

protection

circuits

Fig.

3

shows

the

basic

ALC

(Automatic

Level

Control)

and

SWR

(Standing

Wave

Ratio)

protection

circuits.

The

SWR

protection

circuit

incorporates

a

CM

coupler

that

detects

any

reflected

power

caused

by

mismatching

of

the

antenna.

After

detection

and

amplification,

this

circuit

acts

to

lower

the

output

contro!

voltage,

which

protects

the

power

module

by

reducing

the

gain.

The

automatic

power

control

(APC)

circuit

incorporates

a

diode

that

is

used

to

detect

a

portion

of

the

output

from

the

power

module.

The

detected

signal

is

amplified

and

is

then

used

to

control

the

power

control

voltage.

The

control

voltage

is

inversely

proportional

to

the

output,

so

a

constant

output

level

is

maintained.

ee

ea

all

FINAL

UNIT

ee

en

ny

ANT

LS

6

ANT

=

GNO

o

bas

o

“Ts

ek

°

is)

R2

d

eX

gabice

OTPI

=

v

NU

VRI

eat

od

LL]

Z

VR

ey

J

C16

BRE

t

|

16

$e

em

me

ne

em

|

iQ

bees

.

es

rei

creed

Fig.

3

APC

and

SWR

protection

circuits

Condition

Operating

vo!

tage

Specifications

M57747

M57726

Current

consumption

5

Input

power

Output

power

2G7ZL=

502

ZG=ZL=502

|

0.4

(Vcc1¥12.5V)

55

Case

temperature

(operating)

Storage

temperature

—30~+110

—30~

+110

—40~+110

Table

4

Power

module

M57747

(TM-221E),

M57726

(TM-221A/ES)

absolute

maximum

ratings

(Final

unit

Q1)

TM-221A/E/ES

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

PLL

synthesizer

Fig.

4

is

the

PLL

system

block

diagram.

The

trans-

mitter

and

receiver

systems

of

the

TM-221A/E/ES

have

independent

VCOs

and

PLLs,

but

share

a

common

low-

pass

filter.

The

VCOs

are

configured

as

subunits.

This

construc-

tion

minimizes

outside

influence

and

improves

frequency

stability.

DATA

CLOCK

RESET

(W,T

only)

10

VCO(X58-3090-00)

Fig.

4

PLL

system

block

diagram

10.24MHz

(K,M)

12,8MHz

(T,W)

>

1

(5)

1/8

divider

2-modulus

prescaler

(1/128,

1/129)

VCO

input

53

fREF

divider

1/A

divider

{7-bit

binary)

1/N

Programmable

divider

Se

{10-bit

binary)

z

Shift

register

(21-bit)

©

Data

input

from

Control

unit

Fig.5

PLL

IC

;

M54959P

block

diagram

21

pulse

counter

To

provide

5,

10,

12.5

(T,W),

15,

20,

and

25kHz

steps,

a

comparison

frequency

of

5kHz

or

6.25kHz

(T,W)

is

obtained

by

dividing

the

10.24MHz

(K,M),

12.8MHz

(T,W)

frequency

of

the

reference

oscillator

by

2048

or

2560

{T,W).

In

both

the

transmitter

and

receiver

systems

the

target

frequency

is

produced

directly

by

the

VCO,

passed

through

one

amplifier

stage,

then

applied

to

a

pulse-swallow

PLL

IC

that

divides

the

frequency,

performs

phase

comparison,

and

locks

the

frequency.

The

reference

frequency

division

ratios

(four

values)

and

comparison

frequency

divison

ratio

are

supplied

to

the

PLL

IC

(M54959P)

as

external

serial

data.

An

internal

dual-modulus

(1/128

and

1/129)

prescaler

enables

the

entire

pulse-swallow

PLL

circuit

to

be

implemented

on

a

single

chip.

(See

Fig.

5.)

The

switching

functions

(SW1

and

SW2)

of

the

PLL

IC

are

used

to

switch

between

the

8R

(receive)

and

8T

(transmit)

operating

voltages

in

the

transmit

and

receive

modes.

The

switch

controls

are

applied

together

with

frequency

division

ratio

data

from

the

Control

unit.

RX

133.305~137,300MHz

(K,M)

133,300~135,295MHz

(T,W)

TX

144.000~147.995MHz

(K,M)

144,000~145.995MHz

(T,W)

To

unlock

control

circuit

Divides

10,24MHz

by

2048

(KM)

Divides

12.8MHz

by

2048

or

2560

(TW)

Comparison

|

fg

frequency

ue

4

7

5V

detector

To

LPF

Data

latch

(21-bit)

Latch

signal

To8T To8R

control

contro

circuit

At

144MHz

(K,M),

fvco

(RX)

has

the

following

relationship

to

the

various

frequency

division

ratios

:

fVCO=(144—10.695)

=

[(n

X

128)

+

A]

X

fosc/R

where,

fVCO

:

Frequency

output

by

the

VCO

n:

10-bit

binary

programmable

counter

setting

A:

7-bit

binary

programmable

counter

setting

fosc

:

10.24MHz

reference

oscillator

R

:

14-bit

binary

programmable

counter

setting

(2048)

If

n=208

and

A=37,

then;

fyco=[(208

X

128)

+

37]

X

10240/2048

=

[26624

+

37]

X5

=

133305kHz=133.305MHz

DRIVE

(X59-3120-00)

r

8V

when

PLL

is

locked

in

transmit

mode

OV

when

PLL

is

unlocked

in

transmit

mode

A

©

”?

ND

2

oO

+

eT

8R

1c2

M54959P

ay

(€

OV)

2

°

ov

Ps

5V

R62

68.5v1

77"

as

R63

%

>

UNLOCK

Low

(OV)

when

PLL

is

locked

High

(5.5V)

when

PLL

is

unlocked

TM-221A/E/ES

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

®

Unlock

detector

circuit

Whenever

the

PLL

is

unlocked,

10

of

the

PLL

IC

goes

high

(“H")

(5.5V),

turning

off

Q15

so

that

Q1

and

Q2

in

the

module

unit

(drive

unit)

turn

OFF.

The

result

is

that

during

receive

Q17

is

OFF,

and

during

transmit

Q4

and

Q5

in

the

module

unit

are

OFF,

This

halts

trans-

mit,

preventing

unwanted

radiation

from

the

antenna.

(See

Fig.

6.)

Rto

FROM

PLL

OUT

TO

DRIVE

TR

Q19.

8V

when

PLL

locked

in

receive

mode

OV

when

PLL

unlocked

in

receive

mode

|

Ree c79

1.4V

when

PLL

is

locked

2

=

;

OV

when

PLL

is

unlocked

Qi7

[>

To

1st

RX

mixer

R71

(Pv

Bo

eo

Sy

LA

DH

°

gmt

|

e

oT

——

——_I

C69

discharge

is

delayed

when

voltage

rises

and

advanced

when

voltage

falls.

Fig.

6

PLL

unlock

detector

circuit

Digital

control

unit

@

General

The

control

unit

consists

of

a

microprocessor,

input

keys,

peripheral

circuits,

and

a

display.

The

single

micro-

processor

(!C3)

controls

all

transceiver

functions.

The

assignments

of

the

microprocessor

are

listed

on

the

Table

6.

@

Keys

and

rotary

encoder

input

circuits

Fig.

7

shows

the

input

circuit

for

the

keys

and

rotary

encoder.

Data

from

the

front

panel

keys,

microphone

keys,

and

rotary

encoder

are

applied

directly

to

the

microprocessor,

Terminal

Xt

4.194304MHz

crystal

oscillator.

73

Not

used;

CTCSS

shift

register

reset

a!

(K,M)

ee

Oo

O

cs

a

altale||2

Wid

Sis

a|2

[ole

BS

ral

SHIFT

5V

Not

used.

Sauelch

control

during

remote

38

P22

H

5

pi

?

control.

nee?

1

Reset

input.

PO3/SI

PO2/SO

ie)

Shift

register

strobe.

Beep

oscillator

output.

Microphone

DOWN

switch

input/

serial

data

input.

Microphone

PTT

switch

input/

serial

data

input.

PO1/SCK

Microphone

UP

switch

input/

serial

data

input.

Model

setting

:

'L’’

for

144MHz

“H"

for

430MHz

band.

Backup

detect

input.

SHIFT

switch

input.

LCD

driver

data.

LCD

driver

clock.

LCD

driver

enable.

M.IN

switch

input.

VEO/M

select

switch

input.

REV

switch

input.

Not

used.

Frequency

step

select

switch

input.

SCAN

switch

input.

+

Directional

input.

CTCSS

switch

input

(K,M).

Alert

switch

input

(T,W).

TONE

switch

input.

Not

used.

Pull-down

pin.

PLL

and

shift

register

clock.

PLL

and

shift

register

data.

PLL

enable.

Not

used.

[GND

terminal

(OV).

BUSY

input.

Power

supply

(5V).

Encoder

input.

{only

when

connected).

GND

terminal

(OV).

Remote

connection

detect

input

ae

etal

Tone

detect

input

(when

CTCSS

is

on

(KM).

CTCSS

IC

data

(KM).

Not

used.

RF

meter

analog

input.

S

meter

analog

input.

CTCSS

IC

clock.

DAC

digital

data

output.

Table

5

yPD75106G-508-18B

assignments

(Control

unit

IC3)

comM1

COMS

@

Display

circuit

Located

in

the

LCD

assembly

(Fig.

8),

the

display

circuit

consists

of

the

LCD

driver,

its

peripheral

circuits,

and

the

LCD.

The

LCD

is

driven

with

a

50%

duty

cycle

BUSY

Me

Pant

a

Og0gn000006

CALL

rm

2)

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

“1

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Se

ae

ap

8S

SCAN

ce)

Sa

HOON

OG

UU

OL

ep

oa

wo

t

+

ey

nn

LC7582

58 59

Po

s7|

TM-221A/E/ES

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

according

to

serial

data

sent

from

pins

P71

to

P73

of

the

microprocessor

to

the

LCD

driver.

Fig.

9

shows

the

common

output

and

segment

output

signals

of

the

LCD

driver.

8

ow

5x8

«ew

@

tek

Bs

nok

oo

Vico

ra

Ch

bruce

GND

VicD

ee

Crier

ei

GND

$1~$52

—

Only

the

COM1

side

is

ON.

:

GND

COM1

and

COM2

vie

side

is

ON.

GND

Only

the

COM2

side

is

ON.

VLCD

<>

COM1

and

COM2

side

are

OFF.

1

fosc/si2

SEC

Fig.

9

LCD

driver

common

and

segment

100

[|

oO

2

m

°

680P

2.7K

output

signals

047

Fig.

8

LCD

ass’y

(B38-0303-05)

TM-221A/E/ES

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

@

Reset

backup

circuit

Fig.

10

shows

the

reset

backup

circuit.

When

the

transceiver

is

turned

ON,

3.0V

is

applied

at

the

INT4

causing

I|C3

to

enter

the

backup

mode.

Ci6

1C2

timing

chart

1

3

Fig.

10

Reset

and

backup

circuit

10

@

PLL

data

output

PLL

data

is

supplied

from

pins

P92

(CK),

P91

(DT),

and

P90

(RST)

of

the

microprocessor.

Fig.

11

shows

the

data

transfer

format.

Fig.

12

shows

the

data

con-

figuration.

21

bit

CK

<a

MSB

LSB

1S

Fig.

11

PLL

data

transfer

format

B

MSI

fff

Le]

a]

ef

fof]

fess]

slo

tll

Pulse

swallow

counter

|

frequency

division

22]

21

|

24]

2°] 2+]

24

ratio

A

|

Main

counter

frequency

division

|

20] 24] 29| 22]

2a]

24] 2¢| 27]

28

|

2

'

ratio

N

{

Port

setting,

{oozes

comparison

frequency

ps

]o2]0s]o4

selection

&

a

Shift

register

The

21-bit

data

is

converted

by

the

procedure

below.

1.

Frequency

division

ratio

data

A,

N

(17

bits)

F

(RX

display—10.695MHz)

=

[(N

X

128)

+

A]

X

10.24MHz/ref

(K,

M)

F

(RX

display

—

10.7MHz)

=

L(N

X

128)

+

A]

X12.8MHz/ref

(T,

W)

N

:

Frequency

division

ratio

of

main

10-bit

counter

A:

Frequency

division

ratio

of

7-bit

pulse

swallow

counter

2.

Comparison

frequency

(ref)

selection

(2

bits)

D2

5,10,

15,

20

or

25k

Hz

steps

L

Phase

comparison

frequency

3.

Switch

selection

(2

bits}

ey

|

o3

[D4

|

swi

[swe

|

Fig.

12

PLL

data

configuration

@

Alert

and

electronic

volume

contro!

output

(when

optional

remote

controller

is

connected)

The

alert

and

electronic

volume

contro!

outputs

are

provided

by

pins

P92

(CK),

P91

(DT),

and

P21

(ST)

of

the

microprocessor

to

the

8-bit

shift

register

(1C3)

in

the

TX-RX

unit.

P92

(CK)

and

P91

(DT)

are

also

used

for

the

PLL

data.

Fig.

13

shows

the

data

transfer

format.

Fig.

14

shows

the

data

configuration.

Bbit

DT

MSB

LSB

:

|

Fig.

13

Data

transfer

format

for

alert

and

electronic

volume

control

DOWN

UP

D6

to

D8

when

the

remote

controller

Electronic

=

Alert

control

Fig.

14

Data

configuration

for

alert

and

electronic

volume

control

@

Tone

output

The

outputs

from

pins

P40

to

P43

and

P50

to

P53

of

the

microprocessor

are

applied

to

a

ladder

resistance

network

(IC4)

which

converts

these

signals

into

an

analog

waveform

with

38

possible

tone

frequencies

combinations

67.0

to

250.3Hz.

Fig.

15

shows

the

internal

configuration

of

IC4,

P53

P52

P51

P50

P43

P42

P41

P40

{option)

is

connected.

TM-221A/E/ES

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

@

S-meter

and

RF

meter

input

The

analog

voltage

of

the

S-meter

is

applied

to

PTHOO

of

the

microprocessor,

and

the

analog

voitage

of

the

RF

meter

to

PTHO1.

After

4-bit

(16-step)

analog-

to-digital

conversion,

the

resulting

signal

is

sent

to

the

display.

@

Busy

input

When

squelch

is

ON

and

an

input

signal

is

present,

a

tow

input

lights

the

busy

indicator.

@

CTCSS

unit

(option

:

TM-221A

only)

input

and

output

The

microprocessor

sends

data

from

pins

P30,

P31,

and

P61

to

the

CTCSS

unit.

Fig.

16

shows

the

data

transfer

format.

Fig.

17

shows

the

data

configuration.

When

a

tone

is

detected

from

the

CTCSS

unit,

a

‘’'H”’

is

applied

to

P32

of

the

microprocessor

to

open

the

squelch.

8bit

cTc

Ii

CTD

MSB

LSB

cTSs

|

Fig.

16

CTCSS

data

transfer

format

CTCSS

unit

MN6520

tone

frequency

select

data

pet

G2

es]

BF

|

26)

Ex.885Hz

LH

LE

H

4H

Fig.

17

CTCSS

data

configuration

@

Remote

control

(RC-10)

(option)

input

and

output

When

the

RC-10

remote

control

unit

is

connected

a

“H"'

is

applied

to

INTO

of

the

microprocessor,

switch-

ing

the

following

pins

to

the

functions

indicated:

PO3>SI

_

:

Serial

data

input

PO2—>SO_:

Serial

data

output

P01

>

SCK

:

Serial

clock

input/output

Fig.

15

Internal

configuration

of

KRR-C0071

ladder

resistance

network

(Control

unit

1C4)

11

M-221A/E/ES

SEMICONDUCTOR

DATA

Electronic

volume

LC7532M

(VOL

IC1)

@

Electric

characteristics

Conditions

High-frequency.

distortion

VDD=3V,

RL=50kQ,

f=1kHz,

VR

MAX,

VIN=—20dBV

VDD=2.1V,

RL=50kQ,

f=1kHz,

VR

MAX,

ViIN=—20dBV

Output

in

low-power

mode

At

OdBm

input:

f=1kHz,

RL=51kQ

Input

impedance

RIN

UP,

DN,

CE

Current

consumption

@

Block

diagram

IDD

(1)

IDD

(2)

VDD=S8V

when

operating

VDD=3V,

CE="L"

12

Kenwood TM-221A User manual

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