Dimplex SOLAR ST0133 User manual

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Technical Manual

Complete guide to Dimplex Solar

Technical manual

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1 Contents

1 CONTENTS 2

2 BEFORE YOU START 4

GENERAL 4

3 SOLAR THERMAL 4

3.1 INTRODUCTION 4

3.2 SOLAR RADIATION 4

3.1.1 Available solar radiation 4

3.1.2 Orientation 6

3.3 SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM 8

3.3.1 Components of a solar thermal system 8

3.3.2 Function of a solar thermal system 10

4 DIMPLEX SOLAR PRODUCTS 11

4.1 DIMPLEX SOLAR COLLECTOR SOLC220 11

4.1.1 General description 11

4.1.2 Hydraulic collector connection 13

4.1.3 Roof fixing kits 17

4.1.4 Space requirement 22

4.1.4 Technical data 24

4.2 DIMPLEX SOLAR CONTROL UNIT SOLCU1/2/3 24

4.2.1 General description 24

4.2.2 Temperature sensors 25

4.2.3 Technical data 26

4.3 DIMPLEX SOLAR PUMP UNIT SOLPU1/2 26

4.3.1 General description 26

4.3.2 Pump connection 30

4.3.3 Technical data 31

4.4 DIMPLEX SOLAR EXPANSION VESSELS SOLEV 32

4.4.1 General description 32

4.4.2 Expansion vessel sizing 32

4.4.3 Technical data 35

4.5 DIMPLEX EXPANSION VESSEL FIXING KIT SOLVK1 35

4.5.1 General description 35

4.5.2 Technical data 36

4.6 DIMPLEX HEAT TRANSFER MEDIUM SOLHT20 36

4.6.1 General description 36

4.6.2 Technical data 37

4.7 DIMPLEX SOLAR CYLINDERS SCX37

4.7.1 General description 37

4.7.2 Wiring integration Dimplex solar cylinders SCx 39

4.7.3 Hydraulic integration Dimplex solar cylinders SCx 42

4.7.4 Technical data 43

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4.8 DIMPLEX SOLAR ACCESSORIES 44

4.8.1 General description 44

4.8.2 Corrugated flexible pipe SOLFH10/15 45

4.8.3 Feed through tiles SOLFTT and SOLFTM 46

5 SYSTEM SIZING 47

5.1 REQUIRED INFORMATION 47

5.2 SIZING GUIDE 47

6 PIPE WORK 49

6.1 TYPE OF PIPE WORK 49

6.2 PIPE WORK SIZING 49

6.3 PIPE WORK PRESSURE DROP 50

6.4 PIPE WORK LIQUID CONTENT 50

6.5 PIPE WORK FIXATION 51

6.6 PIPE WORK INSULATION 51

7 COMMISSIONING 52

8 OPERATION 53

8.1 CONTROL UNIT 53

8.2 PUMP UNIT 55

9 MAINTENANCE 55

10 PRODUCT AND KIT LISTINGS 58

10.1 DIMPLEX SOLAR KITS 58

10.2 DIMPLEX SOLAR COMPONENTS 58

11 DIMPLEX LITERATURE STRUCTURE 60

12 APPENDIX 61

12.1 ON SITE QUESTIONNAIRE 61

12.2 ON SITE INSPECTION 62

12.3 DIMPLEX SOLAR SYSTEM DIRECT –OVERALL VIEW 65

12.4 DIMPLEX SOLAR SYSTEM INDIRECT –OVERALL VIEW 66

12.5 EXAMPLE DIMPLEX SOLAR SIMULATION REPORT 67

13 NOTES AND SKETCHES 72

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2 Before you start

General

Thank you for your interest in Dimplex Solar products. We trust this manual will give

you all the answers to the questions that you might have regarding the products. Al-

though every care was taken to ensure the content of this manual is correct we do not

accept any liability for claims resulting directly or indirectly from the application of the

information contained in this manual.

This manual is written specifically for the Dimples Solar product range. Any information

contained therein must not be applied generally to any other solar products.

Should you require any further assistance please do not hesitate to contact us.

3 Solar thermal

3.1 Introduction

The sun supplies every day a multiple of the required world wide daily energy demand

to the earth. The energy of the sun is available in various forms such as:

- direct, diffuse and reflected solar radiation

- wind

- waves

- the ground and in other forms.

Solar thermal systems convert the energy incident from the sun on an absorber surface

into sensible heat in form of hot water. Depending on the temperature required and

achieved, this hot water can be used for a whole range of applications as summarised in

Figure 1.

Figure 1 – Approximate temperature ranges of some solar thermal applications

3.2 Solar radiation

3.1.1 Available solar radiation

Solar thermal systems can only utilise the energy from the sun in form of solar radiation.

The solar radiation can be incident on the solar panels in various forms which are shown

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in Figure 2, namely direct, reflected and diffuse radiation. The various types of radiation

can occur in isolation but in most cases the radiation incident on a solar thermal collec-

tor is a combination thereof.

Figure 2 – Forms of incident solar radiation

The solar radiation available outside the earth’s atmosphere, the so called extraterres-

trial radiation, has a density of 1367 W/m². Depending on:

- the location of the solar system

- the time of day and year

- the “obstacles” in the atmosphere such as cloud cover and pollution

- and the inclination of the solar system in relation to the sun

this value varies strongly. A map of the United Kingdom and Ireland is shown in Figure

3, indicating average annual solar energy gains on the horizontal surface.

<1200 W/m²

<1000 W/m²

<600 W/m²

<200 W/m²

direct + reflected

direct

diffuse

strong

diffuse

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Figure 3 – UK and Ireland irradiation map (horizontal surface)

3.1.2 Orientation

The solar irradiance shown in Figure 3 is an average value incident on the horizontal

surface. As mentioned above, depending on the orientation and inclination of the solar

collector the incident radiation onto the collector surface can vary although it might be

in the same location.

The terminology used to describe the exact location and orientation of a solar collector

is described in Figure 4. The terms indicate:

- longitude: geographic coordinate for East/West measurement

- latitude: geographic coordinate North or South of the equator

- slope: angle between the horizontal and the collector plane

- azimuth: angle between South and the perpendicular to the collector pane (West

+90°, South =0°, East -90°)

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Figure 4 – Terminology to describe location and orientation of solar thermal panel

Figure 5 – Effect of orientation on incident radiation levels

Latitude

Longitude

Zenith

Slope

Azimuth

S U N

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Although the location of the solar thermal system can be described using the longitude

and latitude of the installation, in practise the locality is being used to determine the

location of the system.

The effect of the orientation on the incident solar radiation levels can be seen from Fig-

ure 5.

3.3 Solar thermal system

3.3.1 Components of a solar thermal system

Although solar thermal systems cover a whole range of applications, see Figure 1, the

basic components used are in principle the same. A solar thermal system consists of:

- solar collector

- heat transfer medium

- pipe work

- pump and safety equipment

- heat exchanger

- storage facility

- control unit

- user

Applying the above to a domestic hot water system, the individual components are

identified in Figure 6.

Figure 6 – Solar system components overall view

heat

transfer medium

solar

collector

pipe

work

pump and safety

equipment

storage cylinder

with build in

heat exchanger

control

unit

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Each component in the solar thermal system fulfils a specific function which is described

below:

Solar thermal collector

The solar thermal collector receives the solar radiation, converts it into thermal energy

and passes it on to the heat transfer fluid.

Heat transfer fluid

The heat transfer fluid circulates through the solar collector, the pipe work and the heat

exchanger. It transfers the energy gained by the collector into the storage device. The

heat transfer fluid has additional properties such as frost protection and anti-corrosion

inhibitors to ensure a long and reliable operation of the solar thermal system.

Pipe work

The pipe work connects the various components of the solar thermal system to allow

the heat transfer medium to transport the energy from the collector to the storage de-

vice. The pipe work must be insulated and both, the pipe work and the insulation must

be of appropriate material for solar thermal applications.

Pump and safety equipment

The pump and safety equipment are combined in the pump unit. Beside the actual cir-

culation pump the pump unit contains a flow meter, flush and fill point, air separator,

non return valves, manual thermometers, isolating valves, pressure relief valve, pres-

sure gauge and the connection point for the expansion vessel.

Heat exchanger

The heat exchanger allows a hydraulic separation of systems but allows the transfer of

energy between the two systems, i.e. the solar circuit and the wholesome water. In a

domestic solar thermal hot water system the heat exchanger is usually in form of a coil

immersed in the wholesome water inside the hot water cylinder.

To ensure the solar thermal system works at its optimum efficiency, the heat exchanger

has to be sufficiently sized and positioned correctly within the hot water cylinder.

Storage facility

The storage facility is most likely to be a domestic hot water cylinder or a buffer vessel.

As the solar thermal system will not always be able to supply all of the required energy,

it is important that an auxiliary heating system is available to boost the system as and

when required.

The storage facility should be of such design that all energy sources can work inde-

pendent of each other without compromising each others efficiencies, giving solar ther-

mal the priority to allow for maximum energy gain.

Control unit

The control unit has the primary function of switching the circulation pump on and off

ensuring that the maximum amount of energy is being transferred from the solar ther-

mal collector into the storage facility.

The control unit is usually also the user interface with the system and has therefore a

display and additional functions to ease the operation, maintenance and control of the

system.

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User

The user varies from installation to installation but has a big influence on the operation

of the solar thermal system. However, the system has all components to ensure the

provision of the comfort levels that the user expects.

3.3.2 Function of a solar thermal system

Bearing in mind the function of the individual components, the function of a solar ther-

mal system is in principle very simple. Based on two measured temperatures, one in

the hottest (T1) and one in the coldest (T2) part of the system, the control unit

switches the pump either on or off depending on the temperature difference between T1

and T2 and the temperature reached in the storage device. The location of the tempera-

ture sensors is indicated in Figure 7.

Figure 7 – Location of temperature sensors in solar thermal system

If T1 is greater than T2 plus an additional temperature differential (called ΔT ‘delta T’),

the circulation pump is being switched on by the control unit to transfer the energy

from the collector into the storage device. As soon as this on condition is not given, the

pump is being switched off.

The solar control unit also ensures that the water in the cylinder is not being heated

above a set temperature which can be freely chosen and is measured by the tempera-

ture sensor T2.

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