Tektronix S-4 User manual

TEK

aaa

070-0896-01

Product

Group

S-4

SAMPLING

HEAD

Please

Check

for

CHANGE

INFORMATION

the

Rear

This

Manual

First

Printing

JAN

1969

—,_

Revised

OCT

1986

1969,

1983

Tektronix,

Inc.

All

rights

reserved.

Contents

this

publication

may

not

reproduced

any

form

without

the

written

permission

Tektronix,

Inc.

Products

Tektronix,

Inc.

and

its

subsidiaries

are

covered

U.S.

and

foreign

patents

and/or

pending

patents.

TEKTRONIX,

TEK,

SCOPE-MOBILE,

and

are

registered

trademarks

Tektronix,

Inc.

TELEQUIPMENT

registered

trademark

Tektronix

U.K.

Limited.

Printed

U.S.A.

Specification

and

price

change

privileges

are

reserved.

INSTRUMENT

SERIAL

NUMBERS

Each

instrument

has

serial

number

panel

insert,

tag,

stamped

the

chassis.

The

first

number

letter

designates

the

country

manufacture.

The

last

five

digits

the

serial

number

are

assigned

sequentially

and

are

unique

each

instrument.

Those

manufactured

the

United

States

have

six

unique

digits.

The

country

manufacture

identified

follows:

BO00000

Tektronix,

Inc.,

Beaverton,

Oregon,

USA

100000

Tektronix

Guernsey,

Ltd.,

Channel

Islands

200000

Tektronix

United

Kingdom,

Ltd.,

London

300000

Sony/Tektronix,

Japan

700000

Tektronix

Holland,

NV,

Heerenveen,

The

Netherlands

S-4

Sampling

Head

CONTENTS

Section

Specification

Section

Operating

Instructions

THE

FOLLOWING

SERVICING

INSTRUCTIONS

ARE

FOR

USE

QUALIFIED

PERSONNEL

ONLY.

AVOID

PERSONAL

INJURY,

NOT

PERFORM

ANY

SERVICING

OTHER

THAN

THAT

CONTAINED

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

UNLESS

YOU

ARE

QUALIFIED

SO.

Section

Circuit

Description

Section

Performance

Check/Calibration

Section

Maintenance

Section

Options

Section

Electrical

Parts

List

Section

Diagrams

Section

Mechanical

Parts

List

Information

Mechanical

Parts

List

Illustrations

Accessories

Abbreviations

and

symbols

used

this

manual

are

based

taken

directly

from

IEEE

Stan-

dard

260

“Standard

Symbols

for

Units,”

MIL-

STD-12B

and

other

standards

the

electronics

industry.

Change

information,

any,

located

the

rear

the

manual.

S-4

Sampling

Head

mVOLTS/DIV

TYPE

S-4

SAMPLING

HEAD

anton

+5v

MAX

TEKTRONIX®

Fig.

1-1.

Type

S-4

Sampling

Head.

0896-03

—j}

—

__)

Section

1—S-4

Sampling

Head

TYPE

S-4

SPECIFICATION

GENERAL

INFORMATION

The

type

S-4

Sampling

head

input

signal

processing

unit

for

Tektronix

sampling

units.

Input

characteristics

the

sampling

system

are

determined

the

Type

S-4.

The

Type

S-4

has

input

impedance

and

rise

time

less.

The

Type

S-4

can

installed

directly

into

sampling

unit

used

remotely

optional

foot

extender

cable.

portion

the

signal

delivered

the

sampling

head

input

coupled

the

sampling

unit

for

use

internal

trigger

signal.

Use

this

trigger

pickoff

signal

dependent

upon

the

type

vertical

sampling

unit

and

sampling

sweep

unit

used

the

system.

See

the

instruction

manual

for

your

vertical

sampling

unit

and

sampling

sweep

unit

for

further

information.

The

vertical

deflection

factor

the

sampling

system

labeled

the

top

the

Type

S-4

mVOLTS/DIV.

The

label

refers

the

sampling

unit

Units/Div

switch.

NOTE

The

electrical

characteristics

in this

section

are

appli-

cable

for

instrument

calibrated

with

ambient

tem-

peratures

between

+20°C

and

+30°C,

and

after

minute

warm-up.

Unless

otherwise

stated,

electrical

characteristics

apply

over

operating

temperature

range

from

0°C

+50°C

and

altitude

15,000

feet.

Supplemental

information

items

are

for

information

only

and

are

not

specifications.

Table

1-1

SPECIFICATIONS

Characteristic

Performance

Requirements

Supplemental

Information

Step

Response

Displayed

Noise

Risetime

less

Observed

with

S-50

S-52

less

Aberrations

Time

From

Step

With

S-50

With

284

S-52

400

25ns

After

—10%,

+10%

0%,

+10%

+2%,

—2%

less;

total

less;

total

less

less;

total

less

than

20%

than

10%

p-p

than

p-p

less,

measured

tangentially

1-1

Type

S-4

Specification—S-4

Sampling

Head

Table

1-1

(cont)

Characteristic

Performance

Requirements

Supplemental

Information

Dot

Transient

Response

Within

for

input

signals

500

P-P

Plug-in

unit

may

require

adjustment

DOT

RESPONSE

control

when

switch-

ing

Units

Div.

Avalanche

voltage

may

have

readjusted

with

extreme

ambient

temperature.

Signal

Voltage

Maximum

Operating

P-P

Maximum

limits

which

may

dis-

played

depend

OFFSET

range

and

Deflection

Factor

Safe

Overload

not

exceed

—5

limits

Input

within

Baseline

Shift

With

Repetition

Rate

Change

less

from

kHz

Temperature

Nonoperating

—40°C

+65°C

Operating

0°C

+50°C

Altitude

Nonoperating

50,000

feet

Operating

15,000

feet

Vibration

Operating

minutes

along

each

axis

0.015”.

Vary

the

frequency

from

c/s

1-minute

cycles.

Three

minutes

any

resonant

point

c/s

Shock

Nonoperating

1000

g’s,

1/2

sine,

1/2

duration,

shocks

per

axis.

Total

shocks

Transportation

Qualifies

under

National

Safe

Transit

Committee

Test

Procedure

Category

(48

inch

drop)

—,

Section

2—S-4

Sampling

Head

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

General

Information

This

section

provides

the

basic

information

required

for

operation

the

Type

S-4

Sampling

Head.

The

Type

S-4

can

used

extender

cable

without

compromising

the

response

the

measurement

system.

Signals

are

applied

the

input of

the

samping

head

through

a 3

mm,

50 2

coaxial

connector.

Unity

loop

gain

can be

obtained

with

input

signals

0.5

volt

(peak-to-peak).

Unity

loop

gain

ensures

the

most

accurate

displays

during

fast

changes

input

signal

ampli-

tude.

See

the

Basic

Sampling

Principals

Section

your

sampling

unit

manual

for

further

information.

The

Type

S-4

may

used

with

input

signals

volt

(peak-to-peak).

Specifications

for

the

Type

S-4

Sampling

Head

are given

Section

this

manual.

NOTE

Attenuators,

with

threaded

3mm

connectors,

are

available

optional

accessories.

These

attenuators

are

useful

reducing

the

amplitude

large

signals.

Other

optional

accessories

with

3mm

connectors

in-

clude

coaxial

cables,

termination,

and

adapters

for

interconnecting

various

types

connectors.

Installation

instructions

are

located

the

vertical

sam-

pling

unit

instruction

manual.

Effect

Excessive

Input

Voltage

maximum

operating

signal

voltage

volt

(peak-to-

peak)

specified

for

the

Type

S-4

Section

this

man-

ual.

Signals

having

amplitude

than

volt

(P-P)

the

Type

S-4

input

may

distorted

the

samping

head.

Large

signals

must

reduced

amplitude

not

than

volt

(P-P)

the

Type

S-4

input.

Signals

excess

of plus

volts

minus

volts

may

destroy

the

sampling

diode

bridge.

volt

(P-P)

signal

can be

reduced

suitable

ampli-

tude

the

Type

S-4

input

inserting

series

combination

10X

and

attenuators

the

coaxial

line

delivering

the

signal.

series

combination

10X

and

attenuators

would

also

satisfactory.

See

the

discussion

Sine

Wave

Signal

measurements

later

this

section

for

information

signal

amplitude

affect

upon

display

amplitude

accuracy.

Risetime

Measurements

Accurately

determining

risetime

from

observed

display

requires

that

the

position

the

10%

and

90%

points

accurately

known

and

that

the

horizontal

distance

between

these

points

accurately

measured.

The

timing

accuracy

the

sampling

sweep

unit

must

also

known.

Switching

the

sampling

sweep

unit

from

one

oscilloscope

another

requires

readjustment

the

horizontal

gain

control

the

sampling

sweep

front

panel.

See

your

sampling

sweep

unit

instruction

manual

for

timing

accuracy

specifications

and

complete

instructions

for

checking

timing.

Displayed

Risetime

and

Actual

Risetime

Differences

displayed

and

actual

signal

risetime

will

result

unless

the

risetime

the

sampling

system

about

four

times

faster

than

the

risetime

the

signal

mea-

sured.

used

this

discussion,

the

sampling

system

considered

made

the

sampling

head

and

any

coaxial

line,

connectors

accessories

between

the

signal

source

and

the

sampling

head.

Displayed

risetime

depen-

dent

upon

the

risetime

the

sampling

head,

the

risetime

the

pulse

generator,

and

the

risetime

the

cable

and

con-

necting

components

between

the

generator

and

sampling

head.

With

signals

fast

about

100

arriving

the

Type

S-4

input,

the

displayed

risetime

will

very close

the

actual

signal

risetime.

Since

the

risetime

the

Type

S-52

Pulse

Generator

out-

put

signal

much

faster

than

100

ps,

the

displayed

risetime

(with

this

pulse

applied

the

Type

S-4

input)

will

not

the

actual

signal

risetime.

The

risetime

signals

that

are

faster

than

100

can

still

determined

using the

Tektronix

Type

S-4

Sampling

head.

However,

the

signal

risetime

calculated

using

for-

mula

(2-2).

Signal

risetime

calculated

using

formula

(2-2)

will

provide

approximation

the

actual

signal

risetime.

2-1

Operating

Instructions—S-4

Sampling

Head

Reference

uzee

kid

|_|

point

100%

Level

nnn

nga

ioe

| |

pad

| | |

psy

Zone

center

__|

Jt fe

eas

dad,

poppy

Zone

center

+35

peo}

Soo

«ans

-—0%

Level

100

%—+

—

Reference

zor

point

pet

0896-04

Fig.

2-1.

Special

S-4/S-52

system

risetime

measurement

technique.

The

relationship

between

displayed

risetime,

signal

risetime,

signal

path

risetime,

and

sampling

head

risetime

shown

formula

(2-1).

T, of

signal

path,

and

Type

S-4

formula

(2-1).

T, of

signal

path

includes

the

combined

risetime

all

coaxial

cables,

connectors,

accessories

be-

tween

the

signal

source

and

the

Type

S-4

input.

the

signal

path

consists

coaxial

cable

having

risetime of

and

connectors

and

accessories

having

risetime of

ps,

the

combined

signal

path

risetime

(8)?

(6)?

(displayed)

V(T,

signal)?

(T,

sig.

path)?

(T,

Type

S-4)?

(2-1)

For

example,

assuming

input

signal

having

risetime

ps;

connecting

cable,

accessories,

and

connectors

having

risetime

ps;

and

sampling

head

with

risetime

gives:

(displayed)

V(25)

(10

(25)

(displayed)

y625

100

625

(displayed)

Transposing

formula

2-1

permit

calculation

signal

risetime

when

the

displayed

risetime,

signal

path

risetime,

and

sampling

head

risetime

known

gives:

(signal)

(T,

displayed)?

(T,

Type

S-4)*

—

(T,

sig.

path)?

(2-2)

Additional

information

concerning

the

effect

connect-

ing

cables

the

displayed

signal

risetime

may

found

under

Cable

and

Accessory

Considerations

later

this

section.

2-2

Sine

Wave

Signal

measurements

The

parameters

the

Type

S-4

are

specified

using

pulse

time

domain

parameters

and

nomenclature.

The

fre-

quency

response

characteristics

the

unit,

while

not

speci-

fied,

are

such

that

may

used

for

relative

sine

wave

measurements

through

its

calculated

upper 3

rolloff

point

GHz.

Because

the

traveling

wave

gate

used

the

Type

S-4,

capable

handling

very

large

signals

compared

other

microwave

samplers.

Even

so,

the

peak

signal

amplitude

should

held

low

level

possible

con-

sistent

with

good

signal

noise

ratio

when

making

checks

the

GHz

region

avoid

compression

effects.

Cable

and

Accessory

Considerations

When

connecting

signal

the

Type

S-4

important

that

the

signal

coupling

cable,

connectors,

attenuators

and

any

other

devices

between

the

signal

source

and

sampling

head

have

the

correct

characteristic

impedance,

capable

handling

the

signal

frequency

without

causing

excessive

loss

distortion,

and

high

quality.

Care

must

taken

firmly

tighten

all

connectors,

unwanted

reflections

may

result.

Accurate

displays

signals

containing

very

fast

transi-

tions

very

high

frequencies

are

possible

only

the

cables

carrying

the

signal

the

sampling

head

not

distort

the

signal.

The

Type

S-4

input

resistance

and

requires

the

use

high

quality,

low

loss,

coaxial

cables

and

attenuators

between

the

signal

source

and

the

sampling

head

input

cohnector.

Using

adapater

change

from

larger

diameter

coaxial

cable

will

result

loss

system

bandwidth.

The

Type

S-4

sampling

head

useful

from

least

GHz.

Standard

and

optional

3mm

accessories

available

from

Tektronix

are

intended

for

use

frequencies

18GHz

and

are

generally

useful

frequencies

GHz.

Since

any

accessories

the

path

between

the

sig-

nal

source

and

the

Type

S-4

input

will

increase

the

displayed

signal

risetime,

use

only high

quality

accessories

ade-

quate

high

frequency

capability.

Accessories

mm)

sup-

plied

with

the

Type

S-4,

available

optional

equipment,

include

flexible

and

rigid

coaxial

cable,

attenuators,

adapters

change

from

3mm

larger

size

coaxial

cable,

and

power

divider.

The

physical

and

electrical

characteristics

the

cable

determine

the

characteristic

impedance,

velocity

propa-

gation

and

nature

signal

losses.

important

use

cables

airlines,

the

signal-

handling

side

the

system,

that

are

short

possible.

Use

the

optional

foot

head

extender

cable

permits

locating

the

Type

S-4

near

the

signal

source

and

thereby

keeps

the

input

coaxial

cable

short

and

signal

losses

minimum.

Signal

losses

along

coaxial

line,

due

skin

effect

dielectric

loss,

result

loss

high-fre-

quency

signal

amplitude

the

signal

travels

along

the

line.

Dielectric

loss

along

the

coaxial

line

also

results

in-

crease

the

displayed

risetime

fast

step

pulses.

Dielec-

tric

and

skin

effect

losses

increase

with

signal

frequency

and

the

length

the

coaxial

cable.

Fig.

2-2A

shows

the

displayed

waveform

when

the

output

pulse

the

Type

S-52

fed

the

Type

S-4

input

through

rigid

coaxial

line.

Fig.

2-2B

the

pulse

fed

the

S-4

input

through

length

flexible

coaxial

cable.

Fig.

2-2C

shows

the

risetime

the

displayed

signal

when

the

same

pulse

sent

through

length

good

quality

coaxial

cable

similar

Type

RG-58/U.

The

impor-

tance

using

short

length

the

proper

type

coaxial

be-

tween

the

signal

source

and

the

Type

S-4

input

apparent

from

comparison

the

waveforms

Fig.

2-2.

Another

factor

that

can

result

loss

signal

coaxial

cable

use

coaxial

cable

having

diameter

that

large

compared

the

wavelength

the

highest

frequency

com-

ponents

the

signal.

The

Type

S-4

input

connector

in-

tended

for

use

with

Teflon

dielectric

coaxial

cable

having

outer

conductor

with

outside

diameter

0.141

inches.

Resistive

losses

large

diameter

coaxial

cable

less

than

smaller

diameter

cable

for

frequencies

below

the

crit-

ical

value.

The

two

coaxial

lines

listed

under

part

numbers

015-

1015-00

and

015-1005-00

must

treated

with

care

obtain

maximum

life

and

least

signal

distortion.

The

rigid

line

may

not

have

its

shape

changed

and

still

have

the

propagation

delay

and

guaranteed.

cases

where

the

line

not

used

its

maximum

per-

formance

limits,

small

amounts

bending

can

made

providing

mating

connectors

are

each

end

before

bending.

bent

curve

radius

1/2

inches,

the

line

may

made

totally

inoperative.

The

flexible

cable

must

not

given

bend

radius

less

than

times

its

OD,

approximately

1/4

inches.

Flexible

cables

may

suffer

outer

conductor

breakage

tighter

bending.

Few

flexures

assure

longer

life.

Operating

Instructions—S-4

Sampling

Head

eae

ror

eee

ps/div

100

mV/div

ps/div

100

mV/div

bi.

aes

(C)

5ns

length

cable

similar

58/U.

0896-05

Fig.

2-2.

Effect

cable

length,

diameter,

and

quality

dis-

played

risetime.

2-3

)

__]

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