Spectris HBM U2B User manual

Force Transducers

U2B

Mounting instructions

B 20.U2B.20 en

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U2B

HBM 24.5.2000

Contents page

Safety instructions 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 Instructionsfor use 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 Structure and operating mode 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1 Measuring device 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2 Housing 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3 Measurementprocess, output signal 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.4 Compensatingfor disturbance variables 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 Operation on site 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1 Ambient temperature 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2 Humidity 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.3 Ambient pressure 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.4 Chemical influences 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.5 Contamination 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 Mechanicalinstallation 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1 Important precautions during installation 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.2 General installation guidelines 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.3 U2B installation for tensile loading 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.4 U2B installation for tensile and compressive loading 12. . . . . . . . . .

5 Electrical connection 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.1 Notes on cabling 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.2 Six-wire connection 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.3 Four-wire connection 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 Technical Data 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7 Dimensions 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8 Copy of Declaration of Conformity 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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4U2B

HBM 24.5.2000

Safety instructions

Use in accordance with the regulations

The U2B force transducer is to be used

exclusively for force measurement

tasks and directly related control tasks

. Use for any additional purpose shall

be deemed to be not in accordance with the regulations.

In the interests of safety, the transducer should only be operated as described

in the Mounting Instructions. It is also essential to observe the appropriate

legal and safety regulations for the application concerned during use. The

same applies to the use of accessories.

The transducer is not a safety element within the meaning of its use as

intended. Proper and safe operation of this transducer requires proper

transportation, correct storage, assembly and mounting and careful operation

and maintenance.

General dangers of failing to follow the safety instructions

The U2B force transducer corresponds to the state of the art and is fail-safe.

The transducers can give rise to remaining dangers if they are inappropriately

installed and operated by untrained personnel.

Everyone involved with the installation, commissioning, maintenance or repair

of a force transducer must have read and understood the Mounting

Instructions and in particular the technical safety instructions.

Remaining dangers

The scope of supply and performance of the transducer covers only a small

area of force measurement technique. In addition, equipment planners,

installers and operators should plan, implement and respond to the safety

engineering considerations of force measurement technique in such a way as

to minimise remaining dangers. Prevailing regulations must be complied with

at all times. There must be reference to the remaining dangers connected with

force measurement technique.

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U2B

HBM 24.5.2000

In these mounting instructions remaining dangers are pointed out using the

following symbols:

Symbol: DANGER

Meaning:

Maximum danger level

Warns of an imminently dangerous situation in which failure to comply with

safety requirements will result in death or serious physical injury.

Symbol: WARNING

Meaning:

Potencially dangerous situation

Warns of a potentially dangerous situation in which failure to comply with

safety requirements can result in death or serious physical injury.

Symbol: CAUTION

Meaning:

Possibly dangerous situation

Warns of a potentially dangerous situation in which failure to comply with

safety requirements could result in damage to property or some form of

physical injury.

Symbol: NOTE

Means that important information about the product or its handling is being

given.

Symbol:

Meaning:

CE mark

The CE mark enables the manufacturer to guarantee that the product

complies with the requirements of the relevant EC directives (see Declaration

of Conformity at the end of this document).

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6U2B

HBM 24.5.2000

Unauthorised conversions and modifications are prohibited

The transducer must not be modified from the design or safety engineering

point of view except with our express agreement. Any modification shall

exclude all liability on our part for any damage resulting therefrom.

Qualified personnel

These transducers are only to be installed and used by qualified personnel,

strictly in accordance with the technical data and the safety requirements and

regulations listed below. It is also essential to observe the appropriate legal

and safety regulations for the application concerned. The same applies to the

use of accessories.

Qualified personnel means persons entrusted with the installation, fitting,

commissioning and operation of the product who possess the appropriate

qualifications for their function.

Conditions on site

Protect the transducer from damp and weather influences such as rain, snow,

etc.

Maintenance

The U2B force transducer is maintenance free.

Accident prevention

Although the specified nominal force in the destructive range is several times

the full scale value, the relevant accident prevention regulations from the

trade associations must be taken into consideration.

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U2B

HBM 24.5.2000

1 Instructions for use

The U2B series of force transducers is suitable for measuring tensile forces

and pressures. They measure static and dynamic forces with great accuracy

and therefore require careful handling. Transport and installation of the de-

vices require special attention for the same reason. Transducers can be per-

manently damaged if knocked or dropped.

These force transducers are manufactured from stainless steel and are suit-

able for use under harsh environmental conditions and severe operating

constraints. They are maintenance free and can even be installed in places

that are hard to reach. Their measuring signals can be transmitted to remote

measuring equipment.

The perfect seal that protects the sensitive strain gauge applications has to be

maintained by the housing in all conditions. The base of the housing must

therefore be treated with special care, since it is very thin.

The permitted limits for mechanical, thermal and electrical loadings are given

in the Technical Data. Please take these points into account whenever plan-

ning for measurement arrangements and when installing or operating the

equipment.

2 Structure and operating mode

2.1 Measuring device

The measuring device is a stainless steel measuring spring to which strain

gauges (SG) are applied. The measuring device simultaneously forms the up-

per part pf the transducer housing (Fig. 2.1). The SGs are arranged so that

four of them are stretched and the other four are compresses when a force is

applied to the transducer. The transducer circuit contains correcting and com-

pensating resistors, in order to reject undesirable influences on the zero signal

and sensitivity.

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8U2B

HBM 24.5.2000

2.2 Housing

The housing with its integral measuring spring is closed by a floor plate

welded to its underside. The measuring spring on the force transducer has a

threaded pin which acts as a force conductor. A removable adapter is

screwed to the lower part of the housing and acts as a force conductor via

jointed eyelets (see Section 7).

1 = Strain gauges

2 = Housing with integral measuring spring

3 = Adapter

4 = Lock nut

5 = Threaded pin for force conductor

6 = Glass bushing

7 = Cable chest

8 = Welded cover

9 = Internal thread

Fig. 2.1: Schematic diagram: U2B

2.3 Measurement process, output signal

A force acting upon the transducer will elastically deform the SGs applied to

the measuring body. Their electrical resistance then changes in proportion to

the change in their length. This disturbs the balancing of the measurement

system wired in the form of a Wheatstone bridge, resulting in an output volt-

age UAat contacts 1 and 4 if a bridge excitation voltage UBis present at

points 2 and 3 on the bridge.

The ratio between the voltages, UA/UB, expressed in mV/V, is a measure of

the sensitivity of the force transducer. The change in output voltage UAis lin-

ear to the acting force. Provided the force transducer is connected in accor-

dance with Fig. 5.1 and as specified in the User Manual for the amplifier con-

cerned, compressive forces are displayed with a positive operating sign and

tensile forces are shown with a negative operating sign. The force transducer

is electrically connected in 6-wire mode (see Section 5.2). To reverse the po-

larity, the white and red wires in the cable should be transposed.

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U2B

HBM 24.5.2000

2.4 Compensating for disturbance variables

The geometry of the measuring body and the positioning of the SGs ensure

that the output signal from the transducer suffers only minimal distortion if the

force being measured is affected by superimposed lateral forces and/or tor-

sional and bending moments. The specifications for this can be found in the

Technical Data. In the interests of greater accuracy, however, it is generally

better to try to prevent spurious loadings of this kind altogether. The U2B also

has separate lateral force compensation which reduces lateral force in-

fluences to a minimum (see Technical Data).

The influence of temperature on the zero signal and sensitivity are compen-

sated. Changes in ambient pressure have the same effect as additive (sub-

stractive) forces (see Section 3.3).

3 Operation on site

3.1 Ambient temperature

For optimum measurement results, keep to the rated temperature range. The

best conditions are constant or very slowly changing temperatures. Measure-

ment errors due to temperature are the result of uneven warming (e.g. radiant

heat) or cooling. A radiation shield and all-round heat insulation provide no-

ticeable improvements. However, they should not be allowed to form any kind

of force leakage.

3.2 Humidity

Extremes of humidity or tropical conditions have no effect on the measure-

ment capability of the transducer, provided they are within the specified limit

values (protection system IP67 in accordance with DIN EN 60529).

Note:

Moisture should not be allowed to penetrate the free end of the connector

cable.

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10 U2B

HBM 24.5.2000

3.3 Ambient pressure

Ambient pressure should be between 0 and 5 bar. Please note that changes

of pressure alter the zero point:

Nennlast 20 kN 500 N 1 kN 2 kN 5 kN 10 kN

Zero point modification

[% sensitivity/10 mbar] ≤±0.004 ≤±0.141 ≤±0.071 ≤±0.035 ≤±0.014 ≤±0.007

Nennlast 50 kN 100 kN 200 kN

Zero point modification

[% sensitivity/10 mbar] ≤±0.002

3.4 Chemical influences

Transducer housings are manufactured from stainless steel. They can be

used in a corrosive environment.

3.5 Contamination

Dust, dirt and other foreign bodies should not be allowed to accumulate to

such an extent that part of the measured force is diverted to the housing so as

to falsify the measured value (force leakage).

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