Skyranger BMAA User manual

Skyranger Operators Manual

G_______ Serial No.: BMAA/HB/_ _ _

Approving Authority

British Microlight Aircraft Association

The Bullring, Deddington, Banbury

Oxon, OX15 0TT, United Kingdom

by delegation from the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority

Manufacturer

Design rights are owned by Best Off – France. Manufactured under licence by Aeros – Ukraine.

Importer

Aircraft Kits and Spares are imported by:

Skyranger UK Ltd

This manual is a legal document which is approved for use with Skyranger microlight aircraft issued

with a United Kingdom Homebuilt Permit to Fly. It must remain with the aircraft, and not be amended

or altered without authority from either the BMAA or UK CAA.

All pilots should read this manual before flying as pilot in command of the aircraft to

which it refers.

Approved for issue:-

GBGratton PMDewhurst

Chief Technical Officer Project Test Pilot

British Microlight Aircraft Association

Skyranger Operators Manual, Issue 1, AL0, June 2002 1

Contents

1. Introduction..............................................................................................4

2. Description of the Aircraft ..........................................................................5

3. Limitations................................................................................................6

4. Flying the Skyranger.................................................................................. 9

5. Performance ........................................................................................... 22

6. Emergencies ........................................................................................... 24

7. Rigging and De-rigging ............................................................................ 26

8. Weight and Balance................................................................................. 27

9. Routine Maintenance ............................................................................... 28

10. Repairs................................................................................................... 31

11. Vital Statistics ......................................................................................... 33

Annex A The Microlight Airworthiness Approval Note recommending issue of a

permit to fly

Annex B Engine Manual

Annex C Maintenance schedule MMS-1

Annex D Weight and balance report for this aircraft (form BMAA/AW/028).

Annex E Minor modifications fitted to this aircraft (MinMods)

Annex F Major modifications fitted to this aircraft (MAANs)

Annex G Instructions and Manuals for other devices fitted to this aircraft

Skyranger Operators Manual, Issue 1, AL0, June 2002 2

TABLE OF AMENDMENTS

Amendment No Date incorporated Signed

Skyranger Operators Manual, Issue 1, AL0, June 2002 3

1. Introduction

1.1 The Skyranger is a three-axis microlight aeroplane, it was certified in the

United Kingdom to the requirements of British Civil Airworthiness

Requirements (BCAR) Section S issue 2; which at the time of writing is

arguably the highest airworthiness standard in the world which is applied to

microlight aircraft.

1.2 This manual is not intended to teach you to fly the aircraft, or to build it.

Learning to fly should be accomplished under the supervision of a light aircraft

or microlight flying instructor experienced on the type; at time of writing it is

legal to learn to fly on a Skyranger so long as you are the sole owner of the

aircraft (or spouse). A separate build manual exists to instruct you in building

a Skyranger from a kit.

1.3 What this manual will do, is provide the information which a qualified pilot

requires to safely fly this aircraft (although a conversion by an instructor,

familiar with the type is recommended), and to carry out routine maintenance

and minor repairs. Manuals exist for this aircraft for use overseas which also

include guidance on fitting modifications to the Skyranger; all modifications to

a British Skyranger must be approved by either the British Microlight Aircraft

Association, or the UK Civil Aviation Authority. In general, the BMAA offers

the cheapest and most straightforward route for approving modifications.

1.4 The licenses which would be required to fly this aircraft are a UK

PPL(Aeroplanes)-Microlights, with or without operating restrictions. Because

microlight aircraft have flying characteristics that can differ in many areas

from heavier types, a UK or JAA PPL(Aeroplanes), BCPL(Aeroplanes),

CPL(Aeroplanes) or ATPL(Aeroplanes) is only acceptable if they contain a valid

Microlight rating. This rating can be obtained after suitable conversion

training is undertaken by a microlight FI and a General Flying Test is

completed to a satisfactory standard with a microlight X Examiner.

1.5 This aircraft must be operated using two separate logbooks. One for the

airframe and one for the engine (or the BMAA combined logbook, reference

BMAA/AW/036). All entries must be made in the logbook in ink and within 7

days. If the aircraft is fitted with an in-flight adjustable propeller, a separate

logbook must also be held for that; it is recommended that CAP400, which is

issued by the CAA and available from most pilot shops is used for this

purpose.

Skyranger Operators Manual, Issue 1, AL0, June 2002 4

2. Description of the Aircraft

2.1 Ancestry. The Skyranger was conceived by Philippe Prevot of Best Off

Manufacturing, France, in 1991. The first 200 examples were manufactured

under licence by Synairgie between 1994 and 1998. The manufacture of the

Skyranger was moved to Aeros in the Ukraine in 1998, incorporating many

developments in the design.

2.2 Construction. The Skyranger is predominately constructed of pin-jointed

straight aluminium tubes covered with pre-sewn polyester fabric.

2.3 Flying Controls.

2.3.1 Pitch control is effected by fore-aft movement of the central stick, with

movement transmitted to a conventional elevator through cables.

2.3.2 Pitch trimming is effected by a hand-operated lever mounted above the

starboard seating position, with movement transmitted through cables to a

trim-tab on the starboard elevator.

2.3.3 Roll control is effected by sideward movement of the central stick, with

movement transmitted through cables to part-span, differential-movement

ailerons.

2.3.4 Yaw control is effected by dual-control foot pedals, with movement to the

rudder transmitted through cables.

2.3.5 Braking is effected by hand-operated hydraulic disc brakes.

2.3.6 The undercarriage is of tricycle arrangement, with nosewheel steering

effected by movement of the dual-control rudder pedals.

2.3.7 Flaps are lowered in two stages by lifting a hand-operated lever located

between the seats whilst gripping an integral latching lever.

Skyranger Operators Manual, Issue 1, AL0, June 2002 5

3. Limitations

3.1 Introduction.

This section includes the basic operating limitations for the Skyranger. The

full limitations are contained in Homebuilt Aircraft Data Sheet (HADS) HM4,

which is used by the Inspector at Annual Permit renewal to ensure, amongst

other things, that the correct limitations are placarded in the cockpit.

3.2 Units.

When noting limitations, it is important to ensure that the limitations which

you are using use the same units and calibrations as the instruments in the

cockpit. The limitations shown below use knots CAS (Calibrated Airspeed);

your aircraft may have an instrument in mph, and in any case will read IAS

(Indicated Airspeed). The difference between IAS and CAS is basically the

accuracy of your Pitot-static system. The IAS limits for your aircraft were

determined when the aircraft was test flown, and are shown in Annex A to

this manual. There will also be a placard in the cockpit, however space is

allowed below for you to insert the IAS limitations and calibration details for

your aircraft.

IAS Calibration Card for Skyranger G-_______.

Kn CAS

(Calibrated)

Vso

VS1

40 50

min

sink

climb

approach

speed

Best

Glide

65 71

Vfe

80 90 100 108

Vne

IAS

(Indicated)

Unless all errors are less than 2 knots, a copy of this calibration card must be

displayed in the cockpit near to the ASI.

Skyranger Operators Manual, Issue 1, AL0, June 2002 6

3.3 Operational Limitations.

3.3.1 The Skyranger must only be flown in day VMC conditions, with sight of the

surface. It may not be flown over built up areas.

3.3.2 The Skyranger is certified to a "permit to fly" standard. This prohibits aerial

work, other than flying instruction of the owner, or flight testing of the aircraft

for initial approval, or approval of subsequent modifications.

3.3.3 This aircraft is certified to a UK only standard, this means that permission is

required from the host country to fly it overseas. However a reciprocal

agreement for homebuilt aircraft means that no permission is required for

flights to other ECAC (European Civil Aviation Conference) member states.

3.3.4 For flight the following instruments must be fitted and serviceable:

ASI, Altimeter, Slip, RPM, Compass, Water or Cylinder Head Temperature, Oil

Temperature, Oil Pressure.

3.3.5 It is recommended that the Skyranger is not flown where a crosswind

component above 15 knots is predicted.

3.3.6 Do not fly above 10,000ft standard pressure altitude without the use of

personal oxygen.

Skyranger Operators Manual, Issue 1, AL0, June 2002 7

3.4 Flight Limitations and key performance speeds

3.4.1 Never exceed speed, Vne, is 108 kn CAS [ IAS]

3.4.2 Manoeuvring speed, Va is 72 kn CAS [ IAS]

3.4.3 Flap limiting speed, Vfe is 71 kn CAS [ IAS]

3.4.4 Door open limit speed is 71 kn CAS [ IAS]

3.4.5 Speed for best rate of climb 53kn CAS [ IAS]

3.4.6 Speed for best climb angle 45kn CAS [ IAS]

3.4.7 Maximum Bank angles are 60° either way.

3.4.8 Maximum Pitch attitudes are 450 nose up and down from the horizontal

3.4.9 Normal acceleration limits are +4g / -2g.

3.4.10 At least 55kg (121lb / 8 stone 9lb) must be in the cockpit for flight, no more

than 90kg (198lb / 14stone 2lb) may be carried in each seat.

3.4.11 Maximum Take-off weight is 450kg.

3.4.12 Aerobatics and deliberate spinning are prohibited.

3.5 Engine Limitations

The limitations for the engine are contained in Annex B, they are also

placarded in the cockpit.

Skyranger Operators Manual, Issue 1, AL0, June 2002 8

4. Flying the Skyranger

4.1 Pre-Flight Inspection.

4.1.1 Engine.

Carry out an engine pre-flight inspection following the instructions contained

in the Engine Manual at Annex B.

4.1.2 Aircraft.

The following is a brief summary of the minimum pre-flight inspection, if you

are unsure, it does no harm to increase the number of items on your

inspection.

Inside the Cockpit

•Ignition switches OFF

•Condition of choke and choke cable

•Condition and security of all flying controls.

•Check condition of all instruments

•Check harnesses are properly fitted and not frayed.

•Check seats are secure.

•Check fuel filter is clean.

•Check sufficient fuel for the planned flight.

•Check wing leading and trailing edge bolts secure

Underside

•If the aircraft has not flown within 24 hrs, drain a small amount of fuel

from the drain tap using a standard tool and check for water.

Engine

•Remove the upper cowling

•Check oil level and condition in oil tank

•Check water level

Skyranger Operators Manual, Issue 1, AL0, June 2002 9

•Check security of engine mounts

•Check security of spark plug caps and leads

•Check security of water and oil hoses and connections

•Check security of electrical connections

•Check prop bolts protruding from securing nuts

•Generally look for any fluid leaks or loose fastenings

•Replace the cowling and all securing screws

Starting from the nose, inspect:

•Condition of the propeller: no nicks or cracks

•Condition and security of the spinner, if fitted

•Condition and inflation of the nose wheel tyre

•Security of the nose wheel spat and fairing

•Security of the engine cowling

Moving down the starboard side of the aircraft and along the starboard

wing, inspect:

•Static vent is clear of obstructions

•Condition of door, hinges and latches

•Starboard undercarriage leg undistorted

•Tyre condition and pressure

•Security of wheel spat

•Check for evidence of hydraulic leaks

•Security of wing strut lower attachment bolt

•Jury strut brackets

•Wing struts and jury struts straight

•Through the inspection panel in the lower surface, check that the wing

strut forward upper attachment is secure and the condition of the

aileron pulleys and cables

•General condition of leading edge and covering

•Aileron movement and hinges, attachment of cables and control horn

condition

•Flap, hinges, and security of actuating rod attachment

Skyranger Operators Manual, Issue 1, AL0, June 2002 10

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