ORTEC 408 User manual

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PRECISION

INSTRUMENTATION

FOR

RESEARCH

Oak

Ridge

Technical

Enterprises

Corporation

OAK

RIDGE,

TENNESSEE

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

MODEL

408

BIASED

AMPLIFIER

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

MODEL

408

BIASED

AMPLIFIER

Serial

No.

Purchaser

Date

issued

OAK

RIDGE

TECHNICAL

ENTERPRISES

CORPORATION

p.

O.

BOX

C

OAK

RIDGE,

TENNESSEE

Telephone

(615)

483-8451

TWX

810-572-1078

I

Oak

Ridge

Technical

Enterprises

Corporation

1966

Printed

in

U.S.A.

CONTENTS

1.

DESCRIPTION

1.1

General

Description

1.2

Description

of

Basic

Function

2.

SPECIFICATIONS

2.1

General

Specifications

2.2

Biased

Amplifier

Specifications

3.

INSTALLATION

3.1

General

Installation

Considerations

3.2

Connection

to

Power—Nuclear

Standard

Bin,

ORTEC

Model

401/402

3.3

Connection

to

Linear

Amplifier

4.

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

4.1

Front

Panel

Controls

4.2

Initial

Testing

and

Observation

of

Pulse

Waveforms

4.3

Connector

Data

4.4

Typical

Operating

Considerations

5.

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION,

Biased

Amplifier

(Etched

Board

408-0148)

6.

MAINTENANCE

6.1

Testing

Performance

of

Biased

Amplifier

6.2

Biased

Amplifier

Threshold

and

Pedestal

Adjustment

6.3

Suggestions

for

Troubleshooting

6.4

Tabulated

Test

Point

Voltages

on

Etched

Board

7.

PARTS

LIST

8.

BLOCK

DIAGRAMS

AND

SCHEMATICS

408-0148-Bl

Model

408

Block

Diagram

408-0148-Sl

Model

408

Biased

Amplifier

Schematic

408-0201-S

Model

408

Chassis

Wiring

Schematic

STANDARD

WARRANTY

FOR

ORTEC

ELECTRONIC

INSTRUMENTS

DAMAGE

IN

TRANSIT

Shipments

should

be

examined

immediately

upon

receipt

for

evidence

of

external

or

con

cealed

damage.

The

carrier

making-delivery

should

be

notified

immediately

of

any

such

damage,

since

the

carrier

is

normally

liable

for

damage

in

shipment.

Packing

materials,

waybills,

and

other

such

documentation

should

be

preserved

in

order

to

establish

claims.

After

such

notification

to

the

carrier,

notify

ORTEC

of

the

circumstances

so

that

we

may

assist

in

damage

claims

and

in

providing

replacement

equipment

when

necessary.

WARRANTY

ORTEC

warrants

its

electronic

products

to

be

free

from

defects

in

workmanship

and

materials,

other

than

vacuum

tubes

and

semiconductors,

for

a

period

of

twelve

months

from

date

of

ship

ment,

provided

that

the

equipment

has

been

used

in

a

proper

manner

and

not

subjected

to

abuse.

Repairs

or

replacement,

at

ORTEC

option,

will

be

made

without

charge

at

the

ORTEC

factory.

Shipping

expense

will

be

to

the

account

of

the

customer

except

in

cases

of

defects

discovered

upon

initial

operation.

Warranties

of

vacuum

tubes

and

semiconductors,

as

made

by

their

manufacturers,

will

be

extended

to

our

customers

only

to

the

extent

of

the

manufacturers'

liability

to

ORTEC.

Specially

selected

vacuum

tubes

or

semiconductors

cannot

be

warranted.

ORTEC

reserves

the

right

to

modify

the

design

of

its

products

without

incurring

responsibility

for

modification

of

previously

manufactured

units.

Since

installation

conditions

are

beyond

our

control,

ORTEC

does

not

assume

any

risks

or

liabilities

associated

with

the

methods

of

instal

lation,

or

installation

results.

QUALITY

CONTROL

Before

being

approved

for

shipment,

each

ORTEC

instrument

must

pass

a

stringent

set

of

quality

control

tests

designed

to

expose

any

flaws

in

materials

or

workmanship.

Permanent

records

of

these

tests

are

maintained

for

use

in

warranty

repair

and

as

a

source

of

statistical

information

for

design

improvements.

REPAIR

SERVICE

ORTEC

instruments

not

in

warranty

may

be

returned

to

the

factory

for

repairs

or

checkout

at

modest

expense

to

the

customer.

Standard

procedure

requires

that

returned

instruments

pass

the

same

quality

control

tests

as

those

used

for

new

production

instruments.

Please

contact

the

factory

for

instructions

before

shipping

equipment.

ORTEC

ij

MODEL

408

i/

BIASED

AMPLIFIER

i

BIAS

LEVEL

20

GAIN

INPUT

OUTPUT

^

■P

MODEL

408

BIASED

AMPLIFIER

1-1

MODEL

408

BIASED

AMPLIFIER

1.

DESCRIPTION

1.1

General

Description

The

Model

408

is

a

modular

Biased

Amplifier

designed

to

be

used

with

pulse

amplifiers,

such

as

the

ORTEC

Model

410,

that

provide

a

unipolar

or

bipolar

output

pulse,

with

either

RC

or

delay

line

shaping.

When

used

with

the

Model

410

Multimode

Amplifier,

the

combination

offers

high

counting

rate

capability,

good

overload

recovery,

and

the

ultimate

in

resolution

performance

necessary

for

use

with

semiconductor,

gaseous,

or

scintillation

detectors.

All

input

and

output

signal

levels

and

impedances

are

compatible

with

other

modules

in

the

ORTEC

400

Series.

1.2

Description

of

Basic

Function

The

Model

408

Biased

Amplifier

provides

a

variable

step

gain

of

1

to

20

in

a

1-2-5

sequence

to

expand

a

region

of

interest

in

a

spectrum

and

thereby

more

fully

utilize

the

capabilities

of

multichannel

analyzers

in

high

resolution

spectroscopy.

The

bias

level,

above

which

amplification

occurs,

is

controllable

by

a

10-turn

control

which

spans

the

linear

input

signal

range.

The

input

may

be

from

any

source

of

linear

signals

having

no

more

than

a

10-volt

span,

e.g.,

the

Model

410

Multimode

Amplifier,

the

Model

415

Sum-Delay

Amplifier,

or

the

linear

output

of

the

Model

409

Linear

Gate

and

Slow

Coincidence.

Circuit

features

of

the

Model

408

Biased

Amplifier

include

a

baseline

restoration

network

that

sets

the

input

back

to

zero

with

a

minimum

of

dead

time

and

offset,

and

an

amplitude

limiter

for

prompt

recovery

from

overload

pulses.

The

input

will

accept

either

unipolar

or

bipolar

signals,

but

the

output

is

only

positive

unipolar,

the

negative

portion

being

clipped

in

passing

through

the

biased

section

of

the

amplifier.

2-1

2.

SPECIFICATIONS

2.1

General

Specifications

The

Model

408

is

housed

in

a

Nuclear

Standard

Module;

it

is

one

standard

module

wide

and

weighs

2.4

pounds.

The

module

contains

no

internal

power

supply

and

therefore

must

obtain

the

necessary

operating

power

from

a

Nu

clear

Standard

Bin

and

Power

Supply

such

as

the

ORTEC

Model

401/402.

All

signals

in

and

out

of

the

module

ore

on

front

panel

BNC

connectors,

and

the

input

power

is

via

the

standard

connector

on

the

rear

panel.

2.2

Biased

Amplifier

Specifications

Input

Unipolar

or

bipolar

(with

the

positive

portion

leading);

0.2V

to

lOV

rated

range,

12

volts

maximum

Input

Impedance

125

ohms

Gain

1

to

20

in

steps

of

1-2-5-10-20

Bias

Range

,

0

to

90%

of

rated

span

Output

0

to

lOV

rated

span,

12V

maximum;

posi

tive

pulse

only

Output

Impedance

Approximately

1

ohm,

short-circuit

pro

tected

Linearity.

Integral

nonlinearity

less

than

0.2%

from

0.2V

to

8V,

0.3%

to

lOV,

taken

with

1-

fxsec

RC

shaped

pulse

and

minimum

bias

level

Temperature

Stability

Gain

shift

less

than

0.01%

per

°C

per

gain

factor

Operating

Temperature

Range

0

to

50°C

Power

Required

+24V,

59

mA

+

12V,

3

mA

-12V,

13

mA

-24V,

53

mA

Mechanical

One

module

wide

and

designed

to

meet

the

recommended

interchangeability

standards

set

out

in

AEG

Report

TID-

20893;

1.35

inches

wide,

8.75

inches

high,

and

9.75

inches

long.

3-1

INSTALLATION

3.1

General

Installation

Considerations

The

Model

408

Biased

Amplifier,

used

in

conjunction

with

o

Model

401/402

Bin

and

Power

Supply,

is

intended

for

rack

mounting

and

therefore

it

is

nec

essary

to

ensure

that

vacuum

tube

equipment

operating

in

the

same

rack

with

the

Model

408

have

sufficient

cooling

air

circulating

to

prevent

any

lo

calized

heating

of

the

all-transistor

circuitry

used

throughout

the

Model

408.

The

temperature

of

equipment

mounted

in

racks

can

easily

exceed

the

recom

mended

maximum

unless

precautions

are

taken;

the

Model

408

should

not

be

subjected

to

temperatures

in

excess

of

120°F

(50°C).

3.2

Connection

to

Power—Nuclear

Standard

Bin,

ORTEC

Model

402/402

The

Model

408

contains

no

internal

power

supply

and

therefore

must

obtain

power

from

a

Nuclear

Standard

Bin

and

Power

Supply

such

as

the

ORTEC

Model

401/402.

It

is

recommended

that

the

bin

power

supply

be

turned

off

when

inserting

or

removing

modules.

The

ORTEC

400

Series

is

designed

so

that

it

is

not

possible

to

overload

the

bin

power

supply

with

a

full

complement

of

modules

in

the

Bin;

however,

this

may

not

be

true

when

the

Bin

contains

mod

ules

other

than

those

of

ORTEC

design.

In

such

instances,

the

power

supply

voltages

should

be

checked

after

the

insertion

of

modules.

The

ORTEC

Model

401/402

has

test

points

on

the

power

supply

control

panel

to

monitor

the

dc

voltages.

When

using

the

Model

408

outside

the

Model

401/402

Bin

and

Power

Supply,

be

sure

that

the

jumper

cable

used

properly

accounts

for

the

power

supply

grounding

circuits

provided

in

the

recommended

AEC

standards

of

TID-

20893.

Both

clean

and

dirty

ground

connections

ore

provided

to

ensure

proper

reference

voltage

feedback

into

the

power

supply,

and

these

must

be

pre

served

in

remote

cable

installations.

Care

must

also

be

exercised

to

avoid

ground

loops

when

the

module

is

not

physically

in

the

bin.

3.3

Connection

to

Linear

Amplifier

The

input

to

the

Model

408

is

on

the

front

panel

INPUT

BNC

connector,

and

is

compatible

with

all

linear

unipolar

or

bipolar

signals

from

the

outputs

of

linear

amplifiers,

linear

gates,

delay

amplifiers,

etc.

The

input

impedance

is

125

ohms,

ac

coupled,

and

the

input

operating

range

is

from

threshold,

typ

ically

100

millivolts,

to

10

volts.

It

is

important

that

no

external

terminators

be

added

to

the

INPUT

BNC

on

the

Biased

Amplifier

unless

it

is

determined

before

hand

that

the

driving

source

can

drive

the

combination

load

of

the

Model

408

125-ohm

input

impedance

and

the

external

terminator

in

parallel.

3-2

3.4

Linear

Output

Signal

Connections

and

Terminating

Impedance

Considerations

The

source

impedance

of

the

0-10

volt

standard

linear

outputs

of

most

400

Series

modules

is

approximately

1

ohm.

Interconnection

of

linear

signals

is,

thus,

non-critical

since

the

input

impedance

of

circuits

to

be

driven

is

not

important

in

determining

the

actual

signal

span,

e.g.,

0-10

volts,

de

livered

to

the

following

circuit.

Paralleling

several

loads

on

a

single

out

put

is

therefore

permissible

while

preserving

the

0-10

volt

signal

span.

Short

lengths

of

interconnecting

coaxial

cable

(up

to

approximately

4

feet)

need

not

be

terminated.

However,

if

a

cable

longer

than

approximately

4

feet

is

necessary

on

a

linear

output,

it

should

be

terminated

in

a

resistive

load

equal

to

the

cable

impedance.

Since

the

output

impedance

is

not

purely

resistive,

and

is

slightlydifferent

for

each

individual

module,

when

a

certain

given

length

of

coaxial

cable

is

connected

and

is

not

terminated

in

the

characteristic

impedance

of

the

cable,

oscillations

will

generally

be

observed.

These

oscillations

can

be

suppressed

for

any

length

of

cable

by

properly

terminating

the

cable

either

in

series

at

the

sending

end

or

in

shunt

at

the

receiving

end

of

the

line.

To

properly

terminate

the

cable

at

the

receiving

end,

it

maybe

necessary

to

consider

the

input

impedance

of

the

driven

circuit,

choosing

an

additional

parallel

resistor

to

make

the

combination

produce

the

desired

termination

resistance.

Series

terminating

the

cable

at

the

sending

end

may

be

preferable

in

some

cases

where

re

ceiving

and

terminating

is

notdesirable

or

possible.

When

series

terminat

ing

at

the

sending

end,

full

signal

span,

i.e.,

amplitude,

isobtainedat

the

receiving

end

only

when

it

is

essentially

unloaded

or

loaded

with

an

impedance

many

times

that

of

the

cable.

This

may

be

accomplished

by

inserting

a

series

resistor

equal

to

the

characteristic

impedance

of

the

ca

ble

internally

in

the

module

between

the

actual

amplifier

output

on

the

etched

board

and

the

output

connector.

It

must

be

remembered

that

this

impedance

is

in

series

with

the

input

impedance

of

the

load

being

driven,

and

in

the

case

where

the

driven

load

is

900

ohms,

a

decrease

in

the

signal

span

of

approximately

10%

will

occur

for

a

93-ohm

transmission

line.

A

more

serious

loss

occurs

when

the

driven

load

is

93

ohms

and

the

transmis

sion

system

is

93

ohms.

In

this

case,

a50%

loss

will

occur.

BNC

connec

tors

with

internal

terminators

are

available

from

a

number

of

connector

manufacturers

in

nominal

values

of

50,

100,

and

lOOOohms.

ORTEC

stocks

in

limited

quantity

both

the

50

and

100

ohm

BNC

terminators.

The

BNC

terminators

are

quite

convenient

to

use

in

conjunction

with

a

BNC

tee.

4-1

4.

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

4.1

Front

Panel

Controls

GAIN

The

voltage

gain

of

the

Model

408

Biased

Amplifier

is

controlled

by

the

GAIN

s\A/itch.

The

gain

is

applied

to

the

input

signal

that

exceeds

the

dc

BIAS

LEVEL.

The

gain

covers

the

range

of

1

to

20

in

a

1-2-5-10-20

sequence.

BIAS

LEVEL

A

continuously

adjustable

dc

bias

voltage

ranging

from

0

to

9V

is

provided

to

bias

out

a

fixed

level

of

all

input

pulses

to

the

Biased

Amplifier.

The

resultant

signal,

i.e.,

the

portion

of

the

input

signal

above

the

bias

level,

is

then

ampli

fied

by

an

amount

determined

by

the

setting

of

the

Biased

Amplifier

GAIN

switch.

4.2

Initial

Testing

and

Observation

of

Pulse

Waveforms

Refer

to

Section

6.1

of

this

Manual

for

information

concerning

data

obtained

during

initial

testing.

4.3

Connector

Data

PGl

-

INPUT

BNC

Connector

Input

impedance

is

125

ohms,

ac

coupled.

The

input

voltage

rated

range

is

0

to

lOV,

with

a

maximum

of

12V.

The

input

may

be

shunted

from

its

125-ohm

input

impedance

if

necessary

to

terminate

transmission

lines

that

have

im

pedances

other

than

1

25

ohms.

In

shunting

the

input

impedance,

care

must

be

taken

to

ensure

that

the

driving

source

can

drive

the

resultant

low

input

im

pedance.

PG2-OUTPUT

BNC

Connector

Output

driving

impedance

is

approximately

1

ohm

and

is

short-circuit

pro

tected.

OUTPUT

Test

Point

An

oscilloscope

test

point

is

available

for

monitoring

the

signal

on

the

OUTPUT

BNC

connector.

This

test

point

has

a

470-ohm

series

resistor

connecting

it

to

to

the

OUTPUT

BNC

connector.

Power

Connector

The

Nuclear

Standard

Module

power

connector

is

an

AMP

202515-5*

4.4

Typical

Operating

Considerations

The

output

signal

of

the

Model

408

must

be

closely

monitored

when

using

RC

shaped

input

pulses.

This

is

also

true

if

a

large

amount

of

integration

is

used

with

delay

line

shaped

pulses.

The

reasoning

behind

this

can

be

pointed

out

by

examining

the

resultant

pulse

shape

illustrated

in

Figure

4-1.

With

the

BIAS

LEVEL

set

at

level

A,

it

can

be

noted

that

the

output

pulse

width

of

the

Model

408

at

the

baseline

will

be

from

A

to

A';

i.e.,

the

baseline

width

is

equal

to

the

time

the

input

signal

E|,,

is

above

the

BIAS

LEVEL.

For

the

BIAS

LEVEL

A

in

Figure

4-1,

the

output

pulse

of

the

Model

408

will

be

satisfactorily

shaped

to

be

used

as

an

input

to

most

multichannel

analyzers.

However,

the

res.ultant