Orban OPTIMOD-FM 8100A/XT2 User manual

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1

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Operating

Manual

OPTIMOD-FM

Six-Band

Limiter

MODEL

8100A/XT

An

Accessory

for

OPTIMOD-FM

Model

8100A/1

•»

A

95057-000-01

1/87

APPARENT

MODULATION

OF

PILOT

IN

THE

8100A

by

Robert

Orban

Chief

Engineer

Orban

Asso iates,

In .

Apparent

modulation

of

the

pilot

is

often

observed

on

a

stereo

monitor

whi h

is

monitoring

an

8100A-pro essed

signal.

This

modulation

may

be

real,

or

it

may

be

a

measurement

artifa t

—

it

is

almost

always

the

latter.

To

a urately

indi ate

pilot

level,

the

pilot

must

be

extra ted

from

the

baseband

signal

by

means

of

a

highly

sele tive

bandpass

filter

in

the

monitor.

The

pilot

is

typi ally

21dB

below

100%

modulation.

When

bright

program

material

is

en ountered,

the

ombination

of

the

8100A's

ex ellent

high

frequen y

power

handling

apability

and

the

75us

pre



emphasis

urve

will

result

in

energy

lose

to

100%

modulation

in

the

frequen y

range

immediately

adja ent

to

the

pilot.

If

the

monitor's

pilot

extra tion

filter

is

insuffi iently

sele tive,

enough

of

the

pro



gram

energy

an

leak

into

the

filter

to

ause

apparent

modulation

of

pilot

level

when

observed

on

the

monitor's

meter.

This

is

a

linear

ef



fe t,

and

is

aused

solely

by

inadequate

filtering.

A

similar

problem

an

o ur

if

a

spe trum

analyzer

is

used.

The

spe



trum

analyzer

uses

a

sele tive

swept

filter.

If

the

sele tivity

of

the

filter

is

adjusted

too

broadly,

then

the

filter

will

be

insuffi iently

sele tive

to

distinguish

the

pilot

from

the

immediately

adja ent

high-

level

program

material.

In

general,

this

is

aused

by

attempts

to

use

an

ex essively

fast

sweep

rate.

Using

a

Tektronix

5L4N

Spe trum

Analyzer

in

our

laboratory,

this

phe



nomenon

was

observed

at

faster

sweep

rates.

At

a

sweep

rate

of

10kHz/

se ,

it

was

possible

to

narrow

the

sele tivity

of

the

filter

to

the

point

where

the

pilot

was

learly

seen

to

be

some

50dB

above

any

a tual

program

material

in

the

19kHz

region.

This

is

su h

a

great

degree

of

separation

between

pilot

and

interfering

signal

that

the

maximum

amount

of

effe tive

modulation

of

the

pilot

would

be

approximately

;+0.3%

of

the

pilot

inje tion,

or

+0.027%

modulation.

Sin e

pilot

inje tion

is

permitted

by

FCC

rules

to

vary

within

8

to

10%

modulation,

this

tiny

amount

of

modulation

is

entirely

trivial.

However,

it

must

again

be

stressed

that

this

an

only

be

measured

with

a

orre tly

operated

spe



trum

analyzer:

the

bandpass

filters

in

typi al

stereo

monitors

or

in

a

fast-sweeping

spe trum

analyzer

are

insuffi iently

sele tive.

Non-linear

effe ts

in

other

parts

of

transmission

or

measurement

system

an

result

in

modulation

of

the

pilot

whi h

annot

be

eliminated

by

or



re t

filter

bandwidth.

Ex iter

non-linearity

is

suspe t;

narrowband

RF

amplifiers

and

antennas

and/or

ex essive

VSWR

an

also

ause

problems.

ont'd.

Orban

Associates

Inc.

645

Bryant

Street

San

Francisco,

A

94107

Main:

(415)

957-1063

Sales:

(415)

957-1067

Telex:

17-1480

able:

orbanaudio

In

addition,

any

off-the-air

pilot

modulation

measurements

are

them



selves

suspe t

be ause

intermodulation

between

the

pilot

and

high-

energy

high-frequen y

program

material

is

very

sensitive

to

multi



path

—

even

in

amounts

whi h

do

not

ause

the

ustomary

multipath

in

di ators

to

respond.

Therefore,

the

FCC

annot

a urately

monitor

this

parameter

off-the-air.

It

must

be

done

from

the

monitor

sample

point

of

the

transmitter

using

a

highly

linear

demodulator

and

a

slow-sweeping

spe trum

analyzer.

In

summary:

The

extra

high

frequen y

energy

permitted

by

8100A

pro



essing

may

reveal

limitations

of

ustomary

pilot

measurement.te h



niques.

Spe trum

analysis

in

our

laboratory

has

onfirmed

that

the

pilot

in

the

8100A

is

more

than

adequately

prote ted,

provided

that

the

filter

ir uitry

in

ards

#8

and

#9

is

operating

a ording

to

spe ifi ations.

While

real

modulation

of

the

pilot

an

be

aused

by

non-linearities

in

ex iters

and

the

RF

path

following,

the

probabil



ity

is

high

that

measurement

te hniques

are

at

fault.

RO:

kt

8100A/XT2

SIX-BOND

LIMITER

FINAL

TEST

Date:

4

—

13

—

07

S/N:

9861

Technician:

DDM

1.

OVERALL

DEEMPHASIZED

FREQUEN Y

RESPONSE,

35

—

15k

Hz

Left

:

+

.41,

-.

36dB

/

Right:

+

.

45,

-.

50dB

S.

TOTAL

DEEMPHASIZED

HARMONI

DISTORTION

(Measured

in

TEST

mode

@100%

modulation

and

in

OPERATE

mode

with

controls

per

NOTE

2

(below)

LEFT

RIGHT

FREQ.

TEST

OP

TEST

OP

50

.

057%

.

095%

.

035%

.091%

100

.

059%

.

066%

.

040%

.

061%

400

.

047%

.

039%

.

052%

.

039%

1000

.

031%

.

038%

.

024%

.

040%

5000

.

081%

.

045%

.

037%

.

043%

10000

.

051%

.

059%

.

048%

.

058%

15000

.

068%

.

066%

.

066%

.

064%

3.

NOISE

(deemphasized:

dB

below

100"/.)

Left:

—

82.

8dB

Right:

-83.

6dB

NOTE

1:

Measurements

made

through

Hewlett-Packard

8903A

omputerized

Audio

Analyzer

NOTE

2:

ontrol

Settings

For

Operate-Mode

THD

Test

MAIN

HASSIS:

L&R

INPUT

OTTENS:

0

LIPPING:

+2

RELEASE

TIME:

10

BOSS

OUPLING:

10

GATE

THRESH:

0

HF

LIMITING:

5

XT

HASSIS:

BASS

EQ

(L&R)

:

0

DENSITY:

5

LIPPING:

-4

PRESEN E

EQ

0

BRILLIAN E

EQ

0

BOORD

SERIAL

NUMBERS:

Board

#A

1

:

Soard

#A

2

:

7

loard

#0

3

:

Section

1

General

Information

In

this

section:

1.

How

to

Use

This

Manual

(Table

of

Contents)

this

pa e

2.

Re istration,

Warranty,

Feedback

pa e

1-2

3.

Index

1-3

4.

The

XT2

Six-Band

Limiter

1-4

5.

Simplified

Description

of

the

8100A/1

+

XT2

System

1-5

6.

Interface

with

OFT'IMOD-FM

1-6

1.

HOW

TO

USE

THIS

MANUAL

This

manual

has

six

sections:

Section

1:

General

Information

Section

2:

Installation

Section

3:

Operating

Instructions

Section

4:

Maintenance

and

alibration

Section

5:

Troubleshooting

Section

6:

Technical

Data

Each

section

has

a

Table

of

Contents.

In

addition,

a

comprehensive

INDEX

(on

pa e

1-3)

covers

the

entire

manual.

This

GENERAL

INFORMATION

section

provides

an

overview

of

the

product

and

its

application.

For

complete

installation

instructions,

see

the

INSTALLATION

section.

Performance

verification

procedures

are

in

the

MAINTENANCE

AND

CALIBRATION

section.

See

the

TROUBLESHOOTING

section

for

information

on

technical

support,

factory

service,

and

shippin .

The

TECHNICAL

DATA

section

contains

specifications,

circuit

descriptions,

parts

lists,

and

schematics.

Throu hout

the

circuit

descriptions,

keywords

are

hi hli hted

to

help

you

quickly

locate

the

information

you

need.

In

this

manual

“

XT2

”

is

used

to

mean

“

8100A/XT2

Six-Band

Limiter

Accessory

Chassis

”

.

“

OPTIMOD-FM

”

and

“

8100A/1

”

are

used

interchan eably

to

refer

to

the

“

OPTIMOD-FM

Model

8100A/1

”

(or

“

OPTIMOD-FM

Model

8100A

modified

with

Retrofit

Kit

RET-27

to

function

as

an

OPTIMOD-FM

Model

8100A/1

”

)

except

where

the

context

clearly

indicates

otherwise.

To ether

the

OPTIMOD-FM

and

XT2

form

the

“

8100A/1

+

XT2

System

”

.

This

manual

is

intended

to

be

used

in

conjunction

with

the

Operating

Manual

for

the

OPTIMOD-FM®

Model

81 AH.

1-

General

Information

.

REGISTRATION,

WARRANTY,

FEEDBACK

Re istration

Card

There

are

two

ood

reasons

for

returnin

the

Re istration

Card

shipped

with

this

product:

1)

It

enables

us

to

inform

you

of

new

applications,

performance

improvements,

and

service

aids

which

may

be

developed,

and

2)

It

helps

us

respond

promptly

to

claims

under

warranty

without

havin

to

request

a

copy

of

your

bill

of

sale

or

other

proof

of

purchase.

Please

fill

in

the

Re istration

Card

and

send

it

to

us

today.

If

it

is

lost

(or

you

have

purchased

this

unit

used),

please

photocopy

the

duplicate

below,

fill

it

in,

and

send

it

to

Orban

at

the

address

on

the

title

pa e.

Model

#

Serial

#

Name

or

Title

Organization

______________________________________________________________________

St

reet

ity/State/ ou

ntry

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Zip

or

Mail

ode

Purchased

from

ity

Date

of

Purchase

Nature

of

your

application

_

How

did

you

hear

about

it?

_

om

ments:

__________________

.

Warranty

The

warranty,

which

can

be

enjoyed

only

by

the

first

end-user

of

record,

is

stated

on

the

Warranty

Certificate

on

a

separate

sheet

packed

with

this

manual.

Save

it

for

future

reference.

Details

on

obtainin

factory

service

are

provided

in

Section

5.

User

Feedback

Form

We

are

very

interested

in

your

comments

about

this

product.

Your

su estions

for

improve



ments

to

either

the

product

or

the

manual

will

be

carefully

reviewed.

In

the

back

of

this

manual,

a

postpaid

User

Feedback

Form

is

provided

for

your

convenience.

If

it

is

missin ,

please

write

us

at

the

address

on

the

inside

of

the

front

cover.

Thank

you.

General

Information

1-3

3.

INDEX

8100A

1-6,

2-2

8100A/1

1-1,

1-6,

2-2,

6-3

81

00A/1

+

XT2

System

1-1

81

OOA/ST

1

-6,

2-2,

2-6,

2-12,

4-2

A -22

FM

Filter

ard

1

-5,

3-7,

3-9

accessory

port

2-8,

6-3

automatic

gain

control

(AG )

6-6

brightness

3-4

brilliance

1-4,3-7

circuit

cards

access

to

4-1

#A1

6-5,7,

6-10,

6-12

#A2

6-9,

6-24

#A3

4-9,

6-7,

6-26

#PS

2-7

#5

2-4,

2-8,

5-5,

6-30

#6

2-4,2-10,6-5

#8,

#9

2-5,2-11,6-5,6

circuit

description

6-3

clipping

3-6,7,

6-9

main

clipper

defeat

6-5

safety

clipper

6-5

compression

3-6,

6-3

connections

2-5

consistency

1-4

crossovers

6-2,

6-7,

6-10

controls

3-1,

6-3,4,5,

6-9

recommended

settings

3-5

customized

settings

3-6

customer

service

5-6

de-installation

4-14

density

3-6,

6-4

dimensions

6-2

distortion

1-5,

3-4,

3-7,8,

5-3,4,

6-2,

6-4,

6-8

-cancellation

4-7,

6-4,6,

6-10

N&D

4-5

sibilance

5-3

THD

6-2

V

A

4-10

dual-band

compressor

6-3

equalization

automatic

1

-4

bass

1-4,

3-8,

6-2,

6-3,

6-5

dynamic

re-

3-6

high-frequency

1

-4,

3-7

F S

Overshoot

ompensator

6-3,

6-5,6

field

alignment

4-9

field

audit

of

performance

4-2

FM

Filter

ard

A -22

1

-5,

3-7,

3-8

format

1-4,3-4

frequency

response

4-5,

6-2

frequency

balance

5-3

functional

description

6-3

HF

filter

6-5

installation

2-3

de-installation

4-14

intelligibility

6-4

intermodulation

6-4,6-10

jumpers

2-3

limiting

3-6,

6-2,

6-3,

6-6,

6-9

loudness

1-4,

3-4,

3-6,7,

6-4

maintenance

4-1

meters

3-2,

4-7,

6-3

modulation

6-6

mounting

2-5

noise

5-4,

6-2

noise

reduction

modification

5-5

openness

3-4

OPERATE

mode

4-6,

6-6

OPTIMOD-FM

1-1

parts

list

6-12

ordering

parts

6-12

performance

4-6,

6-2

verification

4-2

power

requirements

6-2

presence

1-4,3-7

product

overview

1-4,5

PROOF

mode

6-3,

6-5

pumping

5-4

registration

card

1-2,

2-5

retrofit

RET-27

instructions

1-6,

2-6

removing

XT2

from

operation

4-14

service

5-7

shipping

damage

2-3

instructions

5-7

six-band

limiter

3-6,

6-2,

6-3,

6-6,

6-9

sound

quality

problems

5-3

sound

texture

3-4

source

material

3-8,

6-4

specifications

6-2

Studio

hassis

1-6,

2-2,

2-6,

2-12,

4-2

technical

support

5-6

telephone

speech

6-4

THD

4-5,

4-6,

6-2

time

constants

6-3

troubleshooting

5-1

user

feedback

form

1

-2

V A

6-5

calibration

gain

control

thump

null

4-12

6-7

4-12,

6-8

warranty

1

-2

XT2

1-1,

1-4

1-4

General

Information

4.

THE

XT

SIX-BAND

LIMITER

The

Orban

Model

8100A/XT2

Six-Band

Limiter

Accessory

Chassis

was

desi ned

for

those

stations

that

need

a

“

louder

”

or

more

processed

sound

than

that

provided

by

an

OPTIMOD-

FM

used

alone

and

in

the

recommended

manner.

The

XT2

provides

the

means

to

fine-tune

your

on-air

sound

throu h

precise

control

of

bass

and

treble

sound

texture,

pro ram

density,

and

pro ram

dynamics.

The

XT2

is

desi ned

to

ive

you:

-

Increased

loudness

for

a

iven

level

of

audible

processin

side-effects

(compared

to

an

unmodified

8100A/1).

-

Improved

consistency

from

source

to

source,

due

to

the

“

automatic

equalization

”

effect

of

the

six-band

limiter.

-

Increased

presence

and

intelli ibility

on

smaller

radios

and

in

autos.

-

Control

of

bass

and

hi h-frequency

equalization.

The

XT2

is

particularly

well-suited

for

hi hly

competitive

pop

music

formats,

such

as

AOR,

CHR,

AC,

and

Urban

Contemporary.

Oldie

and

Beautiful

formats

can

also

benefit

from

the

improved

consistency

that

the

XT2

’

s

“

automatic

equalization

”

can

provide.

Because

it

has

been

specifically

“

tuned

”

to

the

OPTIMOD-FM,

it

produces

less

processin

side-effects

than

do

complex

processin

systems

that

use

OPTIMOD-FM

cascaded

with

other

processors.

(The

XT2

cannot

be

used

with

other

audio

processors

or

as

a

stand

alone

unit.)

In

eneral,

the

8100A/1

+

XT2

System

will

be

only

sli htly

louder

than

an

8100A/1

alone,

operated

with

very

fast

release

times

and

lar e

amounts

of

clippin .

This

is

because

the

loudness

capabilities

of

an

audio

processor

system

are

primarily

determined

by

the

desi n

of

the

peak-limitin

system,

and

the

XT2

’

s

peak-limitin

system

is

very

similar

to

the

hi hly

sophisticated,

patented

system

used

in

the

8100A/1.

Any

loudness

increase

produced

by

the

XT2

results

from

two

characteristics:

1)

tire

XT2

can

automatically

re-equalize

dull

pro ram

material,

increasin

ener y

in

the

frequency

ran e

to

which

the

ear

is

most

sensitive,

and

2)

XT2

processin

reduces

voice

level

by

comparison

to

music.

Since

the

clippin

level

in

a

processor

system

must

often

be

set

to

avoid

audible

voice

distortion,

the

XT2

permits

the

processor

to

be

adjusted

to

produce

hi her

loudness

on

music

before

voice

distortion

becomes

objectionable.

Because

of

the

XT2

’

s

“

automatic

equalization

”

of

pro ram

material,

there

is

some

material

(notably

“

heavy

metal

”

with

extreme

amounts

of

3kHz

ener y)

which

will

actually

be

quieter

throu h

the

XT2

than

throu h

the

8100A/1

alone

because

the

amount

of

3kHz

ener y

(to

which

the

ear

is

maximally

sensitive)

will

be

reduced

by

the

XT2.

The

primary

advanta es

of

the

8100A/1

+

XT2

System

are

improved

consistency,

increased

bri htness

on

naturally

dull

pro ram

material,

and

reduction

of

audible

processin

side

effects

—

all

while

retainin

or

sli htly

exceedin

the

hi h

loudness

capabilities

of

an

a ressively

operated

8100A/1.

General

Information

1-5

5.

SIMPLIFIED

DESCRIPTION

OF

THE

8100A/1

+

XT

SYSTEM

The

8

100A/1

and

the

XT2

combine

to

form

an

inte ral

system.

Functionally,

the

XT2

adds

bass

equalization,

six-band

limitin ,

hi h-frequency

equalization,

and

multiband

distortion



cancellin

clippin

to

the

8100A/1.

In

the

8100A/1

+

XT2

System,

the

8100A/l

’

s

dual-band

compressor

is

used

to

maintain

constant

levels

into

the

XT2

’

s

six-band

limiter.

This

prevents

excessive

six-band

limitin

(which

can

result

in

unpleasant

increases

in

density),

while

ensurin

that

desirable

amounts

of

limitin

occur

consistently.

The

8100A/l

’

s

release

time

control

adjusts

the

speed

of

the

dual-band

compressor

’

s

response.

Settin s

toward

SLOW

cause

the

compressor

to

ride

ain

like

a

“

slow

hand

on

the

pot

”

,

not

affectin

short-term

density

or

texture.

Settin s

toward

fast

result

in

a

more

consistently

loud

sound

with

increased

density.

The

dual-band

compressor

is

also

used

as

a

dynamic

bass

equalizer

to

control

the

“

warmth

”

of

the

sound.

The

8100A/l

’

s

BASS

COUPLING

control

adjusts

this

broadband

bass

equalization.

In

addition,

the

XT2

ives

the

si nal

a

bass

boost

to

compensate

for

the

increased

bri htness

often

added

by

the

six-band

limiter.

The

boost

frequency

has

been

chosen

to

create

very

“

punchy

”

bass,

particularly

on

speakers

with

reasonably

extended

bass

response.

BASS

eq

controls

adjust

the

amount

of

bass

“

punch

”

the

XT2

adds

to

each

channel.

The

XT2

divides

the

si nal

into

six

bands

by

a

set

of

filters.

Separate

presence

and

bril



liance

controls

adjust

the

drive

levels

into

the

two

hi hest

bands,

enablin

use

of

the

XT2

as

a

dynamic

hi h-frequency

equalizer.

The

use

of

six

bands

of

limitin

permits

si nificant

correction

of

midran e

frequency

balances

and

production

of

a

more

consistent,

intelli ible,

and

pleasin

sound.

Individual

limiters

for

each

of

the

six

bands

make

the

XT2

capable

of

far

more

fast

ain

control

without

audible

side

effects

than

would

be

possible

with

the

dual-band

compression

used

in

the

8

100A/1

.

Loudness

is

increased

by

reducin

the

peak-to-avera e

ratio

of

the

audio,

so

the

avera e

level

can

be

increased

within

the

modulation

limits

permitted.

The

peak-to-avera e

ratio

of

the

six-band

limiter

’

s

output

is

reduced

by

distortion-cancellin

clippin

and

filterin .

This

also

allows

the

si nal

to

be

applied

to

a

final

safety

clipper

(in

the

8100A/1)

without

the

need

for

further

broadband

ain

control,

which

could

introduce

pumpin

and

modulation

effects.

The

output

of

the

safety

clipper

is

returned

to

the

8100A/1

’

s

stereo

enerator,

which

produces

the

stereo

baseband

si nal.

(If

maximum

loudness

combined

with

improved

spectral

protection

of

the

SCA

re ion

of

the

baseband

is

desired,

the

safety

clippers

in

the

8100A/1

can

be

replaced

with

the

optional

FM

Filter

Card,

available

as

Accessory

Kit

ACC-22.)

For

a

more

detailed

description

of

XT2

circuitry,

see

Section

6.

For

more

information

about

8100A/1

circuitry,

see

the

8100A/1

Operatin

Manual.

1-6

General

Information

6.

INTERFACE

WITH

OPTIMOD-FM

The

XT2

interfaces

with

the

Model

8

100A/1

OPTIMOD-FM

throu h

a

cable

which

connects

to

the

8100A/l

’

s

Accessory

Port

#2.

The

XT2

receives

its

power

from

the

host

8100A/1,

and

should

always

be

mounted

immediately

beneath

the

host.

To

reconfi ure

the

8100A/1

for

operation

with

the

XT2,

it

is

only

necessary

to

move

plu -in

jumpers

on

certain

circuit

boards

(see

Section

2).

Reconvertin

an

8100A/1

to

operate

without

the

XT2

is

as

simple

as

repositionin

those

jumpers

(see

Section

4).

The

earlier

Model

8100A

can

be

easily

converted

to

accept

the

XT2

by

installation

of

Retrofit

Kit

RET-27,

available

from

dealers

or

from

the

factory.

This

kit

includes

a

prewired

25-pin

connector,

a

replacement

Card

#5,

and

other

parts.

RET-27

installation

instructions

are

included

in

Section

2.

Instructions

for

reconvertin

an

8100A

for

use

without

the

XT2

are

iven

in

Section

4

(some

solderin

is

required).

The

8100A/ST

Studio

Accessory

Chassis

(used

to

implement

the

“

split

”

studio/transmitter

confi uration)

is

fully

compatible

with

the

XT2.