Omnivision CameraChip OV9650 User manual

APPLICATION NOTE

mni

ision

This document is provided "as is" with no warranties whatsoever, including any warranty of merchantability, non-in-

fringement, fitness for any particular purpose, or any warranty otherwise arising out of any proposal, specification, or

sample.

OmniVision Technologies, Inc. disclaims all liability, including liability for infringement of any proprietary

rights, relating to the use of information in this document. No license, expressed or implied, by estoppel

or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted herein.

* Third-party brands, names, and trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Note:

The information contained in this document is considered proprietary to OmniVision Technologies, Inc. This

information may be distributed only to individuals or organizations authorized by OmniVision Technologies, Inc. to

receive said information. Individuals and/or organizations are not allowed to re-distribute said information.

OV9650 Color CMOS SXGA (1.3 MegaPixel) CameraChip™

Implementation Guide

Last Modified: 7 December 2004

Document Version: 1.1

Revision Number Date Revision

1.0 11/29/04 Initial Release

1.1 12/07/04 In Ta ble 4-1 on page 21, changed last six entries under column "Gain."

2Proprietary to OmniVision Technologies Version 1.1, December 7, 2004

OV9650 Color CMOS SXGA (1.3 MegaPixel) CameraChip™ Omni ision

00Table of Contents

Section 1, Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.1 Function Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Section 2, Image Sensor Array. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.1 Resolution Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Section 3, Timing Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.1 Array Control and Frame Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.1.1 Frame Generation (SXGA, VGA, and lower resolutions) . . . . . . . . . 10

3.2 Sync Signal Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.3 Frame Rate Timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3.3.1 Clock Prescalar (Timing Generator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3.3.2 Dummy Pixel Adjustment (Output Formatter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.3.3 Dummy Line Adjustment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.4 Exposure Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.4.1 Digital Exposure Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.5 Strobe Flash Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3.6 RGB Raw Data Output Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Section 4, Analog Processing Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4.1 Gain Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4.1.1 Manual Gain Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4.1.2 Automatic Gain Control (AGC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4.2 White Balance Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

4.2.1 Automatic White Balance Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4.2.2 Manual White Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Section 5, Digital Signal Processor (DSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

5.1 Gamma Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

5.1.1 Gamma Slope Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

5.2 Color Matrix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

5.2.1 Color Matrix Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

5.3 Sharpness Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

5.4 Noise-Canceling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

5.5 White Pixel Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

5.6 Digital Black Level Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

5.7 Lens Shading Correction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

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Section 6, Output Formatter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

6.1 Windowing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

6.2 Data Formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

6.2.1 ITU-656 Format Enable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

6.2.2 Frame Rate Adjust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

6.2.3 Output Data MSB/LSB Swap Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

6.2.4 D[9:0] - PCLK Reference Edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Section 7, Digital Video Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Section 8, Special Image Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Section 9, Preview Mode to Still Image Capture Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

9.1 Exposure Time and Gain Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Section 10, SCCB Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

10.1 Control Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

10.1.1 Register Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

10.1.2 Standby Mode Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

10.1.3 Tri-state Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

10.2 Register Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Section 11, Prototyping and Evaluation Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

11.1 OV9650EAA Prototyping Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

11.2 OV9650ECX USB 2.0 Evaluation Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Section 12, Lens selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Section 13, OV9650 Bug List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Appendix A, Reference SCCB Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

4Proprietary to OmniVision Technologies Version 1.1, December 7, 2004

OV9650 Color CMOS SXGA (1.3 MegaPixel) CameraChip™ Omni ision

00List of Figures

Figure 1-1 OV9650 Functional Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Figure 3-1 Manual Exposure Frame Drop Timing Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Figure 3-2 Desired Convergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Figure 3-3 SXGA Strobe Flash Timing Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Figure 3-4 VGA Strobe Flash Timing Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Figure 3-5 QVGA Strobe Flash Timing Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Figure 5-1 Gamma Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Figure 5-2 Lens Shading Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Figure 6-1 Example of Windowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Figure 6-2 MSB/LSB Output Data Swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Version 1.1, December 7, 2004 Proprietary to OmniVision Technologies 5

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00List of Tables

Table 2-1 OV9650 Output Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Table 2-2 Resolution Register Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Table 3-1 Frame Rate, Pixel Clock Rate, and Input Clock Rate (CLKRC=0x81, 4X PLL) . 11

Table 3-2 Banding Filter Value (Input Clock Frequency = 12 MHz, 4X PLL). . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Table 3-3 AEC Convergence Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Table 3-4 AEC Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Table 4-1 Total Gain to Control Bit Correlation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Table 4-2 AGC General Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Table 4-3 AGC Enable Bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Table 4-4 AGC Convergence Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Table 4-5 AWB Red/Blue Balance Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Table 5-1 Related Registers and Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Table 5-2 Color Matrix Related Registers and Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Table 5-3 Color Matrix Related Registers and Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Table 5-4 Lens Shading Correction Registers and Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Table 6-1 Output Formatting General Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Table 6-2 RGB:555 and RGB:565 Output Format Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Table 6-3 Windowing Control Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Table 6-4 Data Formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Table 7-1 Output Drive Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Table 8-1 Special Image Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Table 10-1 SCCB Control Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Table 10-2 Device Control Register List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

6Proprietary to OmniVision Technologies Version 1.1, December 7, 2004

OV9650 Color CMOS SXGA (1.3 MegaPixel) CameraChip™ Omni ision

1 Introduction

This general application note is provided as a brief overview of the settings required for

programming the OV9650 CAMERACHIPTM. The Implementation Guide supplies the design engineer

with quick-start tips for successful design solutions.

The OV9650 Datasheet provides complete information on the features, pin descriptions, and

registers of the OV9650. The Implementation Guide is intended to complement the OV9650

Datasheet with considerations for PCB layout, register configurations, and timing parameters for

rapid product design and deployment.

1.1 Function Description

Figure 1-1 shows the functional block diagram of the OV9650 image sensor. The OV9650 includes:

•Image Sensor Array (1300 x 1028 resolution)

•Timing Generator

•Analog Processing Block

•Digital Signal Processor (DSP)

•Output Formatter

•Digital Video Port

•SCCB Interface

Figure 1-1 OV9650 Functional Block Diagram

A/D

MUX

A/D

GMUX

D[9:0]

RFormatterDSP Video

Port

Analog

Processing

Image Array

(1300 x 1028)

Column Sense Amp Exposure/Gain

Detect

Exposure/Gain

Control

White Balance

Detect

Control SCCB

Interface

Registers

Video Timing GeneratorClock

SIO_C SIO_D

PWDNRESETVSYNCPCLKHREFXVCLK1

White Balance

Row Select

Image Sensor Array

Version 1.1, December 7, 2004 Proprietary to OmniVision Technologies 7

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2 Image Sensor Array

The OV9650 CAMERACHIP has an active image array size of 1300 columns by 1028 rows (1,336,400

pixels).

The pixel cells themselves are identical, but have RGB color filters arranged in a line-alternating

BG/GR Bayer Pattern. The final YUV/YCbCr image uses this filter pattern to interpolate each pixel's

BG or GR color from the light striking the cell directly, as well as from the light striking the

surrounding cells. The 'Raw RGB' image does not have any image processing.

Table 2-1 lists all OV9650 output formats.

Table 2-1. OV9650 Output Formats

Device Format Output Register

OV9650

YUV/YCbCr 8 bits, 4:2:2 (Interpolated color) COM7[2]=0 (0x12)

GRB 8 bits, 4:2:2 (Interpolated color) COM7[2]=1 (0x12), COM7[0]=0,

COM15[4]=0 (0x40)

RGB565 5-bit R, 6-bit G, 5-bit B COM7[2]=1 (0x12), COM7[0] = 0,

COM15[4]=1 (0x40), COM15[5]=0

RGB555 5-bit R, 5-bit G, 5-bit B COM7[2]=1 (0x12), COM7[0] = 0,

COM15[4]=1 (0x40), COM15[5]=1

Raw RGB 10/8 bits (Bayer filter color) COM7[0]=1 (0x12), COM7[2] = 1

8Proprietary to OmniVision Technologies Version 1.1, December 7, 2004

OV9650 Color CMOS SXGA (1.3 MegaPixel) CameraChip™ Omni ision

2.1 Resolution Formats

The OV9650 CAMERACHIP supports SXGA (1280x1024), VGA (640x480), CIF (352x288), QVGA

(320x240), QCIF(176x144), QQVGA (160x120) and QQCIF (88x72). The different register settings

for different resolution formats are listed in Table 2-2.

Note: Contact your local OmniVision support engineer for OV9650

Reference SCCB settings. Sensor power-on default values are not the

best settings for image quality.

Table 2-2. Resolution Register Settings (Sheet 1 of 2)

Resolution Register Address Value Description (12 MHz Input Clock, 4X PLL)

SXGA

COM1 (0x04) 0x00

15 fps SXGA YUV mode

COM3 (0x0C) 0x00

COM4 (0x0D) 0x00

CLKRC (0x11) 0x80

COM7 (0x12) 0x00

ADC (0x37) 0x81

ACOM (0x38) 0x93

OFON (0x39) 0x50

VGA

COM1 (0x04) 0x00

30 fps VGA YUV mode

COM3 (0x0C) 0x04

COM4 (0x0D) 0x80

CLKRC (0x11) 0x81

COM7 (0x12) 0x40

ADC (0x37) 0x91

ACOM (0x38) 0x12

OFON (0x39) 0x43

QVGA

COM1 (0x04) 0x00

30 fps QVGA YUV mode

COM3 (0x0C) 0x04

COM4 (0x0D) 0x80

CLKRC (0x11) 0x83

COM7 (0x12) 0x10

ADC (0x37) 0x91

ACOM (0x38) 0x12

OFON (0x39) 0x43

Image Sensor Array

Version 1.1, December 7, 2004 Proprietary to OmniVision Technologies 9

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QQVGA

COM1 (0x04) 0x24

30 fps QQVGA YUV mode

COM3 (0x0C) 0x04

COM4 (0x0D) 0x80

CLKRC (0x11) 0x83

COM7 (0x12) 0x10

ADC (0x37) 0x91

ACOM (0x38) 0x12

OFON (0x39) 0x43

CIF

COM1 (0x04) 0x00

30 fps CIF YUV mode

COM3 (0x0C) 0x04

COM4 (0x0D) 0x80

CLKRC (0x11) 0x83

COM7 (0x12) 0x20

ADC (0x37) 0x91

ACOM (0x38) 0x12

OFON (0x39) 0x43

QCIF

COM1 (0x04) 0x00

30 fps QCIF YUV mode

COM3 (0x0C) 0x04

COM4 (0x0D) 0x80

CLKRC (0x11) 0x87

COM7 (0x12) 0x08

ADC (0x37) 0x91

ACOM (0x38) 0x12

OFON (0x39) 0x43

QQCIF

COM1 (0x04) 0x24

30 fps QQCIF YUV mode

COM3 (0x0C) 0x04

COM4 (0x0D) 0x80

CLKRC (0x11) 0x87

COM7 (0x12) 0x08

ADC (0x37) 0x91

ACOM (0x38) 0x12

OFON (0x39) 0x43

Table 2-2. Resolution Register Settings (Sheet 2 of 2)

Resolution Register Address Value Description (12 MHz Input Clock, 4X PLL)

10 Proprietary to OmniVision Technologies Version 1.1, December 7, 2004

OV9650 Color CMOS SXGA (1.3 MegaPixel) CameraChip™ Omni ision

3TimingGenerator

In general, the timing generator controls the following functions:

•Array Control and Frame Generation (SXGA, VGA, QVGA, QQVGA, CIF, QCIF and QQCIF outputs)

• Internal timing signal generation and distribution

•Frame Rate Timing

•Exposure Control

• External timing outputs (VSYNC, HREF/HSYNC, and PCLK)

3.1 Array Control and Frame Generation

3.1.1 Frame Generation (SXGA, VGA, and lower resolutions)

SXGA frame generation uses Progressive scanning of the array in which rows are sequentially read

and transferred out to the APB. The 'Raw RGB' output preserves the Bayer Filter pattern, so odd

rows follow the pattern (BG) and even rows follow the pattern (GR). Simple sub-sampling mode just

skips every other two rows and every other two columns for VGA mode. The OV9650 has built-in

VarioPixelTM technology to improve sub-sampled image resolution and reduce noise level.

Down-scaling technology down-scales the output size. VGA, QVGA, QQVGA, CIF, QCIF, and

QQCIF have the same view angle which cuts 6.25% of the vertical view and keeps the same

horizontal view of SXGA.

3.2 Sync Signal Selection

The OV9650 CAMERACHIP supplies two output sync signals: VSYNC and HREF. The vertical sync

(VSYNC) signal is output on pin D2. The horizontal reference signal (HREF) is output on pin E1.

The HSYNC signal is available on pin E1 (shares with HREF) when register COM10[6] (0x15) value

is set to "1".

The VSYNC and HSYNC signals are continuous. The HREF signal is only valid when there is active

output data. If there is no output data, the HREF signal will remain at either high or low, depending

on the polarity selection. The HSYNC/VSYNC/HREF/PCLK polarity selection is controlled by

to capture data when HREF is high.

The OV9650 can encode horizontal and vertical sync information into data. Set register

COM1[6] (0x04) high to enable the CCIR656 format.

Refer to the OV9650 Datasheet for detailed signal timing information.

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