Navitron FD200W User manual
Wind Generator 12Volt
Owners Manual
FOR MODEL FD200W,FD300W,FD500W,FD1KW
T e wind turbine generator system is a state of –t e-art small generator
designed bot to c arge batteries and supply electrical loads in a 24V, 36V or
48v. w en used in conjunction wit a suitable sine wave DC-AC inverter and a
battery bank, t e Yueniao can also supply AC power to ouse appliances.
Specifications
Model FD200W
RATED POWER 200W
MAX POWER 250W
OUTPUTDC
VO TAGE
12V
START WIND SPEED 3,5m/s
RATED WIND
SPEED
6.5m/s
MAX WIND SPEED 40m/s
Cut-Out Wind Speed None
Blade Pitch Control None, Fixed Pitch
Over speed
Protection
Auto Furl
Gearbox None, Direct Drive
emperature Range -40 to +60 Deg. C (-40 to +140 Deg. F)
ROTOR Diameter 2.1m
Rotor speed 450rpm
blade 3
Blade material Reinforced fiber glass
Generator 3 phase permanent magnet alternator
Weight(kg) 30Kg
Wind Power Basics
A. Blades/Rotor System
The rotor system consists of three fibreglass blades. Acting like aircraft wings, the blades convert
the energy of the wind into rotational forces that can drive a generator. The fibreglass blades are
exceptionally strong because they are densely packed with glass reinforcing fibers that run the
full length of the blade. The rotor has three blades because three blades will run much smoother
than rotors with two blades.
B. Alternator
The wind generator is a horizontal axis wind generator. The alternator utilizes
permanent magnets and has an inverted configuration in that the outside
housing(magnet can) rotates, while the internal windings and central shaft are
stationary.
The output from the alternator is three-phase alternating current(ac), but it is rectified
to direct current by the controller which is a part of the system. Since it uses
permanent magnets, the alternator is generating voltage whenever the rotor is turning.
C. Nacelle
The nacelle is the plastic housing around the main body of the machine. It contains
the main structural backbone of the turbine(called the mainframe), the slip-ring
assembly the yaw bearings, and the tower mount. The yaw bearings allow the wind
turbine to freely pivot around the tope of the tower so that the rotor will face into the
wind.
System Operation
A. Normal Operation
The rotor should begin to rotate when the wind speed reaches approximately 3m/s.
(for the first several weeks of operation, however, the start-up wind speed will be
higher because the bearing seals have not wornin.) battery charging should
commence shortly after the rotor spins up to speed. Once turning, the rotor will
continue to turn in lower wind speeds, down to approximately 2.5m/s. the rotor speed
will increase with increasing wind speed and the system will provide a higher output.
This output increase rapidly because the energy available in the wind varies as the
third power(cube) of the wind speed. For example, if the wind speed doubles from
5m/s to 10m/s, the energy in the wind increases by a factor of eight(23=2x2x2=8).
One result of this relationship is that there is very little energy available in light
winds. For the average site, winds in the range of 5.5-9m/s will provide most of the
system annual energy production.
B. Hig Winds – AutoFurl
During periods of high wind speeds the AutoFurl system will automatically protect
the wind turbine. When furled, the power output of the turbine will be significantly
reduced. In winds between 13m/s and 18m/s it is normal for the turbine to repeatedly
furl, unfurl and then furl again. In winds above 18m/s the turbine should remain
continuously furled.
AutoFurl is a simple and elegant method of providing high wind speed protection.
The AutoFurl system is based on aerodynamic forces on the rotor, gravity, and the
carefully engineered geometry of the wind turbine. As shown in Figure, the
aerodynamic forces acting on the blades cause a thrust force pushing back on the
rotor. This force increases with increasing wind speeds. The thrust force acts
through the centreline of the rotor, which is offset from the centreline of the tower
pivot axis(yaw axis). Therefore, the thrust force on the rotor is always trying to push
the rotor over to the side, away from the wind.
But the rotor is kept facing into the wind at speeds up to ～12.5m/s by the wind
turbine tail assembly. The tail, in turn, is kept straight by its own weight because its
pivot at the back of the nacelle is inclined. So the weight of the tail holds it against a
rubber bumper and the tail holds the rotor into the wind.
The geometries in the systems are carefully balanced so that at ～12.5m/s the rotor
force acting on the yaw-offset is large enough to overcome the preset force holding
the tail straight. At this point the rotor will start turning away from the wind or
furling. The tail stays aligned with the wind direction. The speed of furling depends
on the severity of the wind gusts and whether the wind turbine stays furled depends
on the wind speed.
As the wind turbine furls the geometry of the tail pivot caused the tail to lift slightly.
When the high winds subside the weight of the tail assembly returns the whole turbine
to the straight position. The AutoFurl system works whether the turbine is loaded or
unloaded.
The AutoFurl system is completely passive, so it is very reliable and since there are
no wear points, like in a mechanical brake system, it is very robust.
There is one situation in the field, however, that we have found an disrupt the
operation of AutoFurl. If the wind turbine is installed on a sharp hill or next to a cliff
so that the wind can come up through the rotor on an incline(e.g., from below; as
opposed to horizontally) we know that this will affect furling and can produce higher
peak outputs. We strongly recommend avoiding this situation.
The wind generator is designed to survive in wind speeds of up to 90mph.
Components of Wind Energy Systems
The basic components of a typical wind energy system are shown below:
Components of a wind energy system.
These basic components include:
•A rotor, consisting of blades with aerodynamic surfaces. When the wind blows
over the blades, the rotor turns, causing the generator or alternator in the
turbine to rotate and produce electricity.
•A gearbox, which matches the rotor speed to that of the generator/alternator.
The smallest turbines (under 10 kW) usually do not require a gearbox.
•An enclosure, or nacelle, which protects the gearbox, generator and other
components of the turbine from the elements.
•A tailfin or yaw system, which aligns the turbine with the wind.
If you plan on building a horizontal axis wind turbine, you will need a tower on which
to mount the turbine (vertical axis turbines are usually built on the ground).
Several types of towers are available:
•Guyed lattice towers, where the tower is permanently supported by guy wires.
These towers tend to be the least expensive, but take up a lot of space on a
yard. A radio broadcast tower is a good example of a guyed lattice tower.
•Guyed tilt-up towers, which can be raised and lowered for easy maintenance
and repair.
•Self-supporting towers, which do not have guy wires. These towers tend to be
the heaviest and most expensive, but because they do not require guy wires,
they do not take up as much space on a yard.
Wind turbine schematic.
An important factor in how much power your wind turbine will produce is the height
of its tower. The power available in the wind is proportional to the cube of its speed.
This means that if wind speed doubles, the power available to the wind generator
increases by a factor of 8 (2 x 2 x 2 = 8). Since wind speed increases with height,
increases to the tower height can mean enormous increases in the amount of
electricity generated by a wind turbine.
Relationship between wind speed and wind power.
Wind speeds increase with height.
Make sure to check local bylaws about height restrictions for wind turbine towers.
Use a tower approved by the wind turbine manufacturer otherwise the warranty on the
turbine may become invalid. Also ensure the tower is connected to an underground
metal object to ground the tower in case of a lightning strike.
You need a disconnect switch that can electrically isolate the wind turbine from the
rest of the wind energy system. An automatic disconnect switch is necessary to
prevent damage to the rest of the system in case of an electrical malfunction or a
lightning strike. It also allows maintenance and system modifications to be safely
made to the turbine. There are other system components you may choose or need to
purchase. You may need batteries to store excess energy generated by the wind
turbine. Because energy is stored in batteries as DC power, you may need an inverter
to convert power from the batteries to the AC power required to run electrical
appliances in your home.
Diagram of a grid-tied wind electric system.
If your home or farm is connected to the power grid, on windier days you may be able
to "sell" excess power generated by your wind turbine to your utility. Then, at other
times when your turbine cannot generate all the power you need, you would buy
power from the grid. This concept is called "net metering", or "net billing". Net
metering is currently available in most areas of the UK - Contact your local utility for
more information.
Even if net metering is unavailable, you might be able to reduce your power bills by
using the electricity you generate using a grid-connected wind turbine. If you do this,
then you would not have to buy as much electricity from your utility.
If you do connect your wind turbine to the grid, your utility will require a transfer
switch between the wind turbine and the utility line as a well as a two-way meter to
keep track of the energy you have stored in and taken from the power grid. It is very
important that your wind generator meets certain standards and that it does not pose a
risk to your utility's personnel or equipment. It is also important that the quality of
power coming from your turbine adequately matches the electrical characteristics
The performance of a wind turbine is normally described by manufacturers using a
performance curve of power output versus wind speed, called a power curve.
Examples of a power curve for a small wind turbine rated at 1 kW.
What’s the Point of the Wind Generator?
The wind generator harnesses the natural energy of nature to provide a free and
plentiful supply of power. Each kWh of electricity produced from the wind generator
can prevent 1kg of CO2 being emitted into the atmosphere by power stations. In a
windy location, a 1kW generator has the potential to save 9tonnes of CO2 each year.
On average, wind generators probably achieve something like 25-40% of their
potential output throughout the year – as it is not always windy! Even at this level, a
very significant contribution to reducing global warming is made.
Location, location, location!
The wind generator is not magic – it will not produce a good output in all locations.
You must ensure that the wind generator is sited in an area where you have sufficient
wind resource. This requires careful consideration, as obstacles such as trees, houses
and the geography of the landscape can all affect the amount of wind reaching the
generator.
Finding the best possible site for your wind machine is critical and should be done
carefully. The following steps may be carried out when assessing locations for your
wind turbine:
•Observe wind and terrain characteristics
•Measure wind speed at each site being considered
•Check legal restrictions
Site Observation: Your own observation can be useful in assessing the wind energy
potential of your site. It is essential that turbines should be sited away from
obstructions. Wind speed also increases with height so it is best to have the turbine
high up, and most small turbines have towers much higher relative to their diameter
than larger ones. The ideal position for a wind turbine generator is a smooth hilltop.
The wind speeds up significantly near the top of the hill and the airflow should be
reasonably smooth, i.e. free from excessive turbulence. Excessive turbulence may
cause fatigue damage and shortens a turbine’s working life.
As a general rule of thumb, you should install a wind turbine on a tower such that it is
at least 6 ft above any obstacles within 300 ft. Smaller turbines typically go on shorter
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