10
●Chronological Table of Robots●
*Marked with ○in the following list indicate robots appearing in literature and movies, and ●
indicate robots which have been actually designed and manufactured.
8th C. B.C.: ○Pretty Golden Girl (Greek myths; Epic of Homeros “ILIAS”)
5th C. B.C.: ○Mechanical God (Greek tragedy; “HIPPOLYTOS”, “ORESTES” by Euripides)
3rd C. B.C.: ○Bronze devil “TALOS” (Greek myths; Epic of Apollonios Rhodios “ARGONAUTIKA”)
1st C. B.C. ●“BACCHUS TEMPLE” by Heron (Designed by Heron, who was an engineer in Alexandria)
1300’s ●Flapping chicken (Watch technology employed from Switzerland)
1509 ●Auto artificial lion (Designed by Leonardo Da Vinnci/Italy)
1600 ●Mechanical doll by Brusselly (Brusselly)
1600 ●Girl doll “FRANSINE” by Descartes (Descartes/France)
1627 ○Original industrial robot in THE NEW ATLANTIS (“THE NEW ATLANTIS” by Francis Bacon)
1662 ●TAKEDA KARAKURI (KARAKURI puppet show by Takedaoumi/Japan)
1716 ○Mud giant “GOLEM” (Legend of Judaism)
1738 ●Duck by Beaukerson (Made by Jack De Beaukerson/France)
1770 ○Biochemical android “HOMMNCULUS” (Appearing in the second section of “FAUST” by J.W.V.
Goethe/Germany)
1773 ●Four auto dolls by father and his son Dros (by Jake Dros & Henri Louis/France)
1775 ●Cup-delivering doll (By Nobuchika Wakai/Japan)
1796 ●Tea-delivering doll ( “KARAKURIZUI” created by Nobuchika Wakai, written by Yorinao H.
Hosokawa/Japan)
1815 ○Auto dancing doll “ORINPIA” ( “DER SANDMANN” written by Ernst T. A. Hoffman/Germany)
1818 ○Monster by FRANKENSTEIN ( “FRANKENSTEIN” written by Mary. W. Shelly/England)
1845 ○Superman robot by Edger A. Poe ( written by Edger A. Poe)
1800s●Funny auto doll of Laubel Uhdom (Created by Laubel Uhdom/France)
1868 ○Steam engine built-in robot ( “Steam Man in the Plain” written by E. S. Ellis)
1883 ○Wooden doll “PINOCCHIO” ( “PINOCCHIO” written by Carlo Collodi)
1886 ○A word “android” was first used.( “L’Eve future” written by Villies de L’lsle-Adam/France)
1893 ●Steam man (George More/Canada)
1893 ○Chess doll ( “Maxim’s Doll”written by Ambrose G. Bierce/USA)
1920 ○Almighty robot (“R.U.R.” written by Karel Capek/Czechoslovakia, * A word of robot was first used.)
1926 ○MARIA (“METRO POLIS” written by Thea V. Harbous/Germany)
1927 ●Robot “TELEBOX” (Manufactured by Westinghouse Electronics Co., Ltd./Exhibited at the New York
Exposition in the USA)
1927 ●Robot “GAKUTENSOKU” (Made by Makoto Nishimura/Japan, Expressions on the face are changed
using air pressure.)
1928 ●Robot “ERIC” (W. H. Richards/England)
1932 ●Robot “Alpha” (Halley May/England)
1933 ●Instructor robot (Appearing at the advanced century exposition held in Chicago)
1934 ●Robot “WILLY” (Manufactured by Westinghouse Electronics Co., Ltd./Exhibited along with many other
robots at the expositions in San Francisco and New York.)
1937 ●Robot “Savoir IV” (Hoover/Switzerland)
1942 ○Three principles of robot ( “I. ROBOT” by Isaac Asimov)
1952 ○Robot which protects human cultural inheritance ( “City” written by Cliford D. Simak/Robots and dogs,
which protect human cultural inheritance, live in a pastoral community life on the earth where humans
ceased to exist.)
1954 ●Patents for industrial robots (G. Devol/USA)
1958 ●Devol’s playback robots were commercialized.
1960’s ●Full-scale industrial robots were placed on markets, promoting their use in the US auto manufacturers
1970’s ●Autonomous mobile robot (In recognition of environments, studies launched on autonomous mobile ro-
bots) (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Stanford University/USA)
1980~1981 ●All-out research & development on direct drive robots (Carnegie, Melon University/USA)
1996 ●Announcement of “P2” which has two arms and two legs like humans (HONDA MOTOR CO.,LTD).
1997 ●Announcement of a Pet Robot (SONY CO.,LTD).
1999 ●Family pet robot on sale (SONY CO.,LTD).
2000 ●Announcement of humanoid robot “ASIMO” (HONDA MOTOR CO.,LTD). and “SDR” (SONY CO.,LTD).
Ⅰ. A Story about Robots
