Microchip Technology PIC16F87X User manual

1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. DS30292D-page 1

PIC16F87X

Devices Included in this Data Sheet:

Microcontroller Core Features:

• High performance RISC CPU

• Only 35 single word instructions to learn

• All single cycle instructions except for program

branches which are two cycle

• Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input

DC - 200 ns instruction cycle

• Up to 8K x 14 words of FLASH Program Memory,

Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM)

Up to 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory

• Pinout compatible to the PIC16C73B/74B/76/77

• Interrupt capability (up to 14 sources)

• Eight level deep hardware stack

• Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes

• Power-on Reset (POR)

• Power-up Timer (PWRT) and

Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)

• Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC

oscillator for reliable operation

• Programmable code protection

• Power saving SLEEP mode

• Selectable oscillator options

• Low power, high speed CMOS FLASH/EEPROM

technology

• Fully static design

• In-Circuit Serial Programming(ICSP)via two

pins

• Single 5V In-Circuit Serial Programming capability

• In-Circuit Debugging via two pins

• Processor read/write access to program memory

• Wide operating voltage range: 2.0V to 5.5V

• High Sink/Source Current: 25 mA

• Commercial, Industrial andExtended temperature

ranges

• Low-power consumption:

- < 0.6 mA typical @ 3V, 4 MHz

-20A typical @ 3V, 32 kHz

-<1A typical standby current

Pin Diagram

Peripheral Features:

• Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler

• Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler,

can be incremented during SLEEP via external

crystal/clock

• Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period

• Two Capture, Compare, PWM modules

- Capture is 16-bit, max. resolution is 12.5 ns

- Compare is 16-bit, max. resolution is 200 ns

- PWM max. resolution is 10-bit

• 10-bit multi-channel Analog-to-Digital converter

• Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with SPI (Master

mode) and I2C(Master/Slave)

• Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver

Transmitter (USART/SCI) with 9-bit address

detection

• Parallel Slave Port (PSP) 8-bits wide, with

external RD, WR and CS controls (40/44-pin only)

• Brown-out detection circuitry for

Brown-out Reset (BOR)

•PIC16F873

•PIC16F874 •PIC16F876

•PIC16F877

RB7/PGD

RB6/PGC

RB5

RB4

RB3/PGM

RB2

RB1

RB0/INT

VDD

VSS

RD7/PSP7

RD6/PSP6

RD5/PSP5

RD4/PSP4

RC7/RX/DT

RC6/TX/CK

RC5/SDO

RC4/SDI/SDA

RD3/PSP3

RD2/PSP2

MCLR/VPP

RA0/AN0

RA1/AN1

RA2/AN2/VREF-

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA4/T0CKI

RA5/AN4/SS

RE0/RD/AN5

RE1/WR/AN6

RE2/CS/AN7

VDD

VSS

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC2/CLKOUT

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

RC2/CCP1

RC3/SCK/SCL

RD0/PSP0

RD1/PSP1

PIC16F877/874

PDIP

28/40-Pin 8-Bit CMOS FLASH Microcontrollers

PIC16F87X

DS30292D-page 2 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

Pin Diagrams

PIC16F876/873

14 15

MCLR/VPP

RA0/AN0

RA1/AN1

RA2/AN2/VREF-

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA4/T0CKI

RA5/AN4/SS

VSS

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC2/CLKOUT

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

RC2/CCP1

RC3/SCK/SCL

RB7/PGD

RB6/PGC

RB5

RB4

RB3/PGM

RB2

RB1

RB0/INT

VDD

VSS

RC7/RX/DT

RC6/TX/CK

RC5/SDO

RC4/SDI/SDA

9PIC16F877

RA4/T0CKI

RA5/AN4/SS

RE0/RD/AN5

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC2/CLKOUT

RC0/T1OSO/T1CK1

RE1/WR/AN6

RE2/CS/AN7

VDD

VSS

RB3/PGM

RB2

RB1

RB0/INT

VDD

VSS

RD7/PSP7

RD6/PSP6

RD5/PSP5

RD4/PSP4

RC7/RX/DT

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA2/AN2/VREF-

RA1/AN1

RA0/AN0

MCLR/VPP

RB7/PGD

RB6/PGC

RB5

RB4

RC6/TX/CK

RC5/SDO

RC4/SDI/SDA

RD3/PSP3

RD2/PSP2

RD1/PSP1

RD0/PSP0

RC3/SCK/SCL

RC2/CCP1

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

PIC16F877

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA2/AN2/VREF-

RA1/AN1

RA0/AN0

MCLR/VPP

RB7/PGD

RB6/PGC

RB5

RB4

NC RC6/TX/CK

RC5/SDO

RC4/SDI/SDA

RD3/PSP3

RD2/PSP2

RD1/PSP1

RD0/PSP0

RC3/SCK/SCL

RC2/CCP1

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI

OSC2/CLKOUT

OSC1/CLKIN

VSS

VDD

RE2/AN7/CS

RE1/AN6/WR

RE0/AN5/RD

RA5/AN4/SS

RA4/T0CKI

RC7/RX/DT

RD4/PSP4

RD5/PSP5

RD6/PSP6

RD7/PSP7

VSS

VDD

RB0/INT

RB1

RB2

RB3/PGM

PLCC

QFP

PDIP, SOIC

PIC16F874

1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. DS30292D-page 3

PIC16F87X

Key Features

PIC®MCU Mid-Range Reference

Manual (DS33023) PIC16F873 PIC16F874 PIC16F876 PIC16F877

Operating Frequency DC - 20 MHz DC - 20 MHz DC - 20 MHz DC - 20 MHz

RESETS (and Delays) POR, BOR

(PWRT, OST) POR, BOR

(PWRT, OST)

FLASH Program Memory

(14-bit words) 4K 4K 8K 8K

Data Memory (bytes) 192 192 368 368

EEPROM Data Memory 128 128 256 256

Interrupts 13 14 13 14

I/O Ports Ports A,B,C Ports A,B,C,D,E Ports A,B,C Ports A,B,C,D,E

Timers 3333

Capture/Compare/PWM Modules 2 2 2 2

Serial Communications MSSP, USART MSSP, USART MSSP, USART MSSP, USART

Parallel Communications — PSP — PSP

10-bit Analog-to-Digital Module 5 input channels 8 input channels 5 input channels 8 input channels

Instruction Set 35 instructions 35 instructions 35 instructions 35 instructions

1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. DS30292D-page 5

PIC16F87X

1.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW

This document contains device specific information.

Additional information may be found in the PIC®MCU

Mid-Range Reference Manual (DS33023), which may

be obtained from your local Microchip Sales Represen-

tative or downloaded from the Microchip website. The

Reference Manual should be considered a complemen-

tary document to this data sheet, and is highly recom-

mended reading for a better understanding of the device

architecture and operation of the peripheral modules.

There are four devices (PIC16F873, PIC16F874,

PIC16F876 and PIC16F877) covered by this data

sheet. The PIC16F876/873 devices come in 28-pin

packages and the PIC16F877/874 devices come in

40-pin packages. The Parallel Slave Port is not

implemented on the 28-pin devices.

The following device block diagrams are sorted by pin

number; 28-pin for Figure 1-1 and 40-pin for Figure 1-2.

The 28-pin and 40-pin pinouts are listed in Table 1-1

and Table 1-2, respectively.

FIGURE 1-1: PIC16F873 AND PIC16F876 BLOCK DIAGRAM

FLASH

Program

Memory

13 Data Bus 8

Program

Bus

Instruction reg

Program Counter

8 Level Stack

(13-bit)

RAM

File

Registers

Direct Addr 7

RAM Addr(1) 9

Addr MUX

Indirect

Addr

FSR reg

STATUS reg

MUX

ALU

W reg

Power-up

Timer

Oscillator

Start-up Timer

Power-on

Reset

Watchdog

Timer

Instruction

Decode &

Control

Timing

Generation

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC2/CLKOUT

MCLR VDD, VSS

PORTA

PORTB

PORTC

RA4/T0CKI

RA5/AN4/SS

RB0/INT

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

RC2/CCP1

RC3/SCK/SCL

RC4/SDI/SDA

RC5/SDO

RC6/TX/CK

RC7/RX/DT

Brown-out

Reset

Note 1: Higher order bits are from the STATUS register.

USART

CCP1,2 Synchronous

10-bit A/DTimer0 Timer1 Timer2

Serial Port

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA2/AN2/VREF-

RA1/AN1

RA0/AN0

Data EEPROM

RB1

RB2

RB3/PGM

RB4

RB5

RB6/PGC

RB7/PGD

Device Program

FLASH Data Memory Data

EEPROM

PIC16F873 4K 192 Bytes 128 Bytes

PIC16F876 8K 368 Bytes 256 Bytes

In-Circuit

Debugger

Low Voltage

Programming

PIC16F87X

DS30292D-page 6 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 1-2: PIC16F874 AND PIC16F877 BLOCK DIAGRAM

FLASH

Program

Memory

13 Data Bus 8

Program

Bus

Instruction reg

Program Counter

8 Level Stack

(13-bit)

RAM

File

Registers

Direct Addr 7

RAM Addr(1) 9

Addr MUX

Indirect

Addr

FSR reg

STATUS reg

MUX

ALU

W reg

Power-up

Timer

Oscillator

Start-up Timer

Power-on

Reset

Watchdog

Timer

Instruction

Decode &

Control

Timing

Generation

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC2/CLKOUT

MCLR VDD, VSS

PORTA

PORTB

PORTC

PORTD

PORTE

RA4/T0CKI

RA5/AN4/SS

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

RC2/CCP1

RC3/SCK/SCL

RC4/SDI/SDA

RC5/SDO

RC6/TX/CK

RC7/RX/DT

RE0/AN5/RD

RE1/AN6/WR

RE2/AN7/CS

Brown-out

Reset

Note 1: Higher order bits are from the STATUS register.

USART

CCP1,2 Synchronous

10-bit A/DTimer0 Timer1 Timer2

Serial Port

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA2/AN2/VREF-

RA1/AN1

RA0/AN0

Parallel Slave Port

Data EEPROM

RB0/INT

RB1

RB2

RB3/PGM

RB4

RB5

RB6/PGC

RB7/PGD

Device Program

FLASH Data Memory Data

EEPROM

PIC16F874 4K 192 Bytes 128 Bytes

PIC16F877 8K 368 Bytes 256 Bytes

In-Circuit

Debugger

Low-Voltage

Programming

RD0/PSP0

RD1/PSP1

RD2/PSP2

RD3/PSP3

RD4/PSP4

RD5/PSP5

RD6/PSP6

RD7/PSP7

1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. DS30292D-page 7

PIC16F87X

TABLE 1-1: PIC16F873 AND PIC16F876 PINOUT DESCRIPTION

Pin Name DIP

Pin# SOIC

Pin# I/O/P

Type Buffer

Type Description

OSC1/CLKIN 9 9 I ST/CMOS(3) Oscillator crystal input/external clock source input.

OSC2/CLKOUT 10 10 O — Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator in

crystal oscillator mode. In RC mode, the OSC2 pin outputs

CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1, and denotes

the instruction cycle rate.

MCLR/VPP 1 1 I/P ST Master Clear (Reset) input or programming voltage input. This

pin is an active low RESET to the device.

PORTA is a bi-directional I/O port.

RA0/AN0 2 2 I/O TTL RA0 can also be analog input0.

RA1/AN1 3 3 I/O TTL RA1 can also be analog input1.

RA2/AN2/VREF- 4 4 I/O TTL RA2 can also be analog input2 or negative analog

reference voltage.

RA3/AN3/VREF+ 5 5 I/O TTL RA3 can also be analog input3 or positive analog

reference voltage.

RA4/T0CKI 6 6 I/O ST RA4 can also be the clock input to the Timer0

module. Output is open drain type.

RA5/SS/AN4 7 7 I/O TTL RA5 can also be analog input4 or the slave select

for the synchronous serial port.

PORTB is a bi-directional I/O port. PORTB can be software

programmed for internal weak pull-up on all inputs.

RB0/INT 21 21 I/O TTL/ST(1) RB0 can also be the external interrupt pin.

RB1 22 22 I/O TTL

RB2 23 23 I/O TTL

RB3/PGM 24 24 I/O TTL RB3 can also be the low voltage programming input.

RB4 25 25 I/O TTL Interrupt-on-change pin.

RB5 26 26 I/O TTL Interrupt-on-change pin.

RB6/PGC 27 27 I/O TTL/ST(2) Interrupt-on-change pin or In-Circuit Debugger pin. Serial

programming clock.

RB7/PGD 28 28 I/O TTL/ST(2) Interrupt-on-change pin or In-Circuit Debugger pin. Serial

programming data.

PORTC is a bi-directional I/O port.

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 11 11 I/O ST RC0 can also be the Timer1 oscillator output or Timer1

clock input.

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 12 12 I/O ST RC1 can also be the Timer1 oscillator input or Capture2

input/Compare2 output/PWM2 output.

RC2/CCP1 13 13 I/O ST RC2 can also be the Capture1 input/Compare1 output/

PWM1 output.

RC3/SCK/SCL 14 14 I/O ST RC3 can also be the synchronous serial clock input/output

for both SPI and I2C modes.

RC4/SDI/SDA 15 15 I/O ST RC4 can also be the SPI Data In (SPI mode) or

data I/O (I2C mode).

RC5/SDO 16 16 I/O ST RC5 can also be the SPI Data Out (SPI mode).

RC6/TX/CK 17 17 I/O ST RC6 can also be the USART Asynchronous Transmit or

Synchronous Clock.

RC7/RX/DT 18 18 I/O ST RC7 can also be the USART Asynchronous Receive or

Synchronous Data.

VSS 8, 19 8, 19 P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.

VDD 20 20 P — Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.

Legend: I = input O = output I/O = input/output P = power

— = Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input

Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.

2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.

3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.

PIC16F87X

DS30292D-page 8 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

TABLE 1-2: PIC16F874 AND PIC16F877 PINOUT DESCRIPTION

Pin Name DIP

Pin# PLCC

Pin# QFP

Pin# I/O/P

Type Buffer

Type Description

OSC1/CLKIN 13 14 30 I ST/CMOS(4) Oscillator crystal input/external clock source input.

OSC2/CLKOUT 14 15 31 O — Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator

in crystal oscillator mode. In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs

CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1, and

denotes the instruction cycle rate.

MCLR/VPP 1 2 18 I/P ST Master Clear (Reset) input or programming voltage input.

This pin is an active low RESET to the device.

PORTA is a bi-directional I/O port.

RA0/AN0 2 3 19 I/O TTL RA0 can also be analog input0.

RA1/AN1 3 4 20 I/O TTL RA1 can also be analog input1.

RA2/AN2/VREF- 4 5 21 I/O TTL RA2 can also be analog input2 or negative

analog reference voltage.

RA3/AN3/VREF+ 5 6 22 I/O TTL RA3 can also be analog input3 or positive

analog reference voltage.

RA4/T0CKI 6 7 23 I/O ST RA4 can also be the clock input to the Timer0 timer/

counter. Output is open drain type.

RA5/SS/AN4 7 8 24 I/O TTL RA5 can also be analog input4 or the slave select for

the synchronous serial port.

PORTB is a bi-directional I/O port. PORTB can be soft-

ware programmed for internal weak pull-up on all inputs.

RB0/INT 33 36 8 I/O TTL/ST(1) RB0 can also be the external interrupt pin.

RB1 34 37 9 I/O TTL

RB2 35 38 10 I/O TTL

RB3/PGM 36 39 11 I/O TTL RB3 can also be the low voltage programming input.

RB4 37 41 14 I/O TTL Interrupt-on-change pin.

RB5 38 42 15 I/O TTL Interrupt-on-change pin.

RB6/PGC 39 43 16 I/O TTL/ST(2) Interrupt-on-change pin or In-Circuit Debugger pin.

Serial programming clock.

RB7/PGD 40 44 17 I/O TTL/ST(2) Interrupt-on-change pin or In-Circuit Debugger pin.

Serial programming data.

Legend: I = input O = output I/O = input/output P = power

— = Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input

Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as an external interrupt.

2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.

3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as general purpose I/O and a TTL input when used in the Parallel

Slave Port mode (for interfacing to a microprocessor bus).

4: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.

1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. DS30292D-page 9

PIC16F87X

PORTC is a bi-directional I/O port.

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 15 16 32 I/O ST RC0 can also be the Timer1 oscillator output or a

Timer1 clock input.

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 16 18 35 I/O ST RC1 can also be the Timer1 oscillator input or

Capture2 input/Compare2 output/PWM2 output.

RC2/CCP1 17 19 36 I/O ST RC2 can also be the Capture1 input/Compare1

output/PWM1 output.

RC3/SCK/SCL 18 20 37 I/O ST RC3 can also be the synchronous serial clock input/

output for both SPI and I2C modes.

RC4/SDI/SDA 23 25 42 I/O ST RC4 can also be the SPI Data In (SPI mode) or

data I/O (I2C mode).

RC5/SDO 24 26 43 I/O ST RC5 can also be the SPI Data Out (SPI mode).

RC6/TX/CK 25 27 44 I/O ST RC6 can also be the USART Asynchronous Transmit

or Synchronous Clock.

RC7/RX/DT 26 29 1 I/O ST RC7 can also be the USART Asynchronous Receive

or Synchronous Data.

PORTD is a bi-directional I/O port or parallel slave port

when interfacing to a microprocessor bus.

RD0/PSP0 19 21 38 I/O ST/TTL(3)

RD1/PSP1 20 22 39 I/O ST/TTL(3)

RD2/PSP2 21 23 40 I/O ST/TTL(3)

RD3/PSP3 22 24 41 I/O ST/TTL(3)

RD4/PSP4 27 30 2 I/O ST/TTL(3)

RD5/PSP5 28 31 3 I/O ST/TTL(3)

RD6/PSP6 29 32 4 I/O ST/TTL(3)

RD7/PSP7 30 33 5 I/O ST/TTL(3)

PORTE is a bi-directional I/O port.

RE0/RD/AN5 8 9 25 I/O ST/TTL(3) RE0 can also be read control for the parallel slave

port, or analog input5.

RE1/WR/AN6 9 10 26 I/O ST/TTL(3) RE1 can also be write control for the parallel slave

port, or analog input6.

RE2/CS/AN7 10 11 27 I/O ST/TTL(3) RE2 can also be select control for the parallel slave

port, or analog input7.

VSS 12,31 13,34 6,29 P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.

VDD 11,32 12,35 7,28 P — Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.

NC — 1,17,28,

40 12,13,

33,34 — These pins are not internally connected. These pins

should be left unconnected.

TABLE 1-2: PIC16F874 AND PIC16F877 PINOUT DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED)

Pin Name DIP

Pin# PLCC

Pin# QFP

Pin# I/O/P

Type Buffer

Type Description

Legend: I = input O = output I/O = input/output P = power

— = Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input

Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as an external interrupt.

2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.

3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as general purpose I/O and a TTL input when used in the Parallel

Slave Port mode (for interfacing to a microprocessor bus).

4: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.

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