McAfee AVDCDE-AA-AA - Active Virus Defense Suite User manual

McAfee VirusScan

Anti-Virus Software

User’s Guide

Version 4.5

this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or

translated into any language in any form or by any means without the written permission of

Networks Associates Technology, Inc., or its suppliers or affiliate companies.

TRADEMARK ATTRIBUTIONS

* ActiveHelp, Bomb Shelter, Building a World of Trust, CipherLink, Clean-Up, Cloaking, CNX,

Compass 7, CyberCop, CyberMedia, Data Security Letter, Discover, Distributed Sniffer System, Dr

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Hunter, ISDN Tel/Scope, LM 1, LANGuru, Leading Help Desk Technology, Magic Solutions,

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MoneyMagic, More Power To You, Multimedia Cloaking, NetCrypto, NetOctopus, NetRoom,

NetScan, Net Shield, NetShield, NetStalker, Net Tools, Network Associates, Network General, Network

Uptime!, NetXRay, Nuts & Bolts, PC Medic, PCNotary, PGP, PGP (Pretty Good Privacy),

PocketScope, Pop-Up, PowerTelnet, Pretty Good Privacy, PrimeSupport, RecoverKey,

RecoverKey-International, ReportMagic, RingFence, Router PM, Safe & Sound, SalesMagic,

SecureCast, Service Level Manager, ServiceMagic, Site Meter, Sniffer, SniffMaster, SniffNet, Stalker,

Statistical Information Retrieval (SIR), SupportMagic, Switch PM, TeleSniffer, TIS, TMach, TMeg,

Total Network Security, Total Network Visibility, Total Service Desk, Total Virus Defense, T-POD,

Trusted Mach, Trusted Mail, Uninstaller, Virex, Virex-PC, Virus Forum, ViruScan, VirusScan,

VShield, WebScan, WebShield, WebSniffer, WebStalker WebWall, and ZAC 2000 are registered

trademarks of Network Associates and/or its affiliates in the US and/or other countries. All

other registered and unregistered trademarks in this document are the sole property of their

respective owners.

LICENSE AGREEMENT

NOTICE TO ALL USERS: FOR THE SPECIFIC TERMS OF YOUR LICENSE TO USE THE

SOFTWARE THAT THIS DOCUMENTATION DESCRIBES, CONSULT THE README.1ST,

LICENSE.TXT, OR OTHER LICENSE DOCUMENT THAT ACCOMPANIES YOUR

SOFTWARE, EITHER AS A TEXT FILE OR AS PART OF THE SOFTWARE PACKAGING. IF

YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL OF THE TERMS SET FORTH THEREIN, DO NOT INSTALL

THE SOFTWARE. IF APPLICABLE, YOU MAY RETURN THE PRODUCT TO THE PLACE OF

PURCHASE FOR A FULL REFUND.

Issued March 2000/VirusScan v4.5.0

User’s Guide iii

Table of Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

What happened? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Why worry? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Where do viruses come from? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x

Virus prehistory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x

Viruses and the PC revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

On the frontier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

Where next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi

How to protect yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii

How to contact McAfee and Network Associates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii

Customer service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii

Technical support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix

Download support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xx

Network Associates training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xx

Comments and feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xx

Reporting new items for anti-virus data file updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi

International contact information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxii

Chapter 1. About VirusScan Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Introducing VirusScan anti-virus software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

How does VirusScan software work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

What comes with VirusScan software? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

What’s new in this release? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Chapter 2. Installing VirusScan Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Before you begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

System requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Other recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Preparing to install VirusScan software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Installation options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Installation steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Using the Emergency Disk Creation utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Determining when you must restart your computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

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iv McAfee VirusScan Anti-Virus Software

Testing your installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

Modifying or removing your VirusScan installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

Chapter 3. Removing Infections From Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

If you suspect you have a virus... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Deciding when to scan for viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Recognizing when you don’t have a virus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Understanding false detections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

Responding to viruses or malicious software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Submitting a virus sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Using the SendVirus utility to submit a file sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Capturing boot sector, file-infecting, and macro viruses . . . . . . . . . . . .81

Chapter 4. Using the VShield Scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

What does the VShield scanner do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Why use the VShield scanner? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Browser and e-mail client support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

Enabling or starting the VShield scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

Using the VShield configuration wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

Setting VShield scanner properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

Using the VShield shortcut menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

Disabling or stopping the VShield scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

Tracking VShield software status information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

Chapter 5. Using the VirusScan application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

What is the VirusScan application? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163

Why use the VirusScan application? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164

Starting the VirusScan application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165

Configuring the VirusScan Classic interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171

Configuring the VirusScan Advanced interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176

Chapter 6. Creating and Configuring Scheduled Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

What does VirusScan Console do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193

Why schedule scan operations? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193

Starting the VirusScan Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194

User’s Guide v

Table of Contents

Using the Console window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196

Working with default tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198

Working with the VShield task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200

Working with the AutoUpgrade and AutoUpdate tasks . . . . . . . . . . . .201

Creating new tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202

Enabling tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206

Checking task status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208

Configuring VirusScan application options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210

Chapter 7. Updating and Upgrading VirusScan Software . . . . . . . . . . 229

Developing an updating strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229

Update and upgrade methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230

Understanding the AutoUpdate utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232

Configuring the AutoUpdate Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233

Understanding the AutoUpgrade utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242

Configuring the AutoUpgrade utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

Using the AutoUpgrade and SuperDAT utilities together . . . . . . . . . .252

Chapter 8. Using Specialized Scanning Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Scanning Microsoft Exchange and Outlook mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255

When and why you should use the E-Mail Scan extension . . . . . . . . .255

Using the E-Mail Scan extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256

Configuring the E-Mail Scan extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257

Scanning cc:Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271

Using the ScreenScan utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271

Chapter 9. Using VirusScan Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Understanding the VirusScan control panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279

Opening the VirusScan control panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279

Choosing VirusScan control panel options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280

Using the Alert Manager Client Configuration utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283

VirusScan software as an Alert Manager client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284

Configuring the Alert Manager client utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284

Table of Contents

vi McAfee VirusScan Anti-Virus Software

Appendix A. Default Vulnerable and Compressed File Extensions . . 289

Adding file name extensions for scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289

Current list of vulnerable file name extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290

Current list of compressed files scanned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294

Appendix B. Network Associates Support Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Adding value to your McAfee product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297

PrimeSupport options for corporate customers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297

Ordering a corporate PrimeSupport plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300

PrimeSupport options for home users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302

How to reach international home user support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304

Ordering a PrimeSupport plan for home users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304

Network Associates consulting and training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305

Professional Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305

Total Education Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306

Appendix C. Using the SecureCast Service to Get New Data Files . . 307

Introducing the SecureCast service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307

Why should I update my data files? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308

Which data files does the SecureCast service deliver? . . . . . . . . . . . .308

Installing the BackWeb client and SecureCast service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

System requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

Troubleshooting the Enterprise SecureCast service . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319

Unsubscribing from the SecureCast service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319

Support resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319

SecureCast service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319

BackWeb client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320

Appendix D. Understanding iDAT Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Understanding incremental .DAT files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321

How does iDAT updating work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322

What does McAfee post each week? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323

Best practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324

Frequently asked questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

User’s Guide vii

Preface

What happened?

If you’ve ever lost important files stored on your hard disk, watched in dismay

as your computer ground to a halt only to display a prankster’s juvenile

greeting on your monitor, or found yourself having to apologize for abusive

e-mail messages you never sent, you know first-hand how computer viruses

and other harmful programs can disrupt your productivity. If you haven’t yet

suffered from a virus “infection,” count yourself lucky. But with more than

50,000 known viruses in circulation capable of attacking Windows- and

DOS-based computer systems, it really is only a matter of time before you do.

The good news is that of those thousands of circulating viruses, only a small

proportion have the means to do real damage to your data. In fact, the term

“computer virus” identifies a broad array of programs that have only one

feature in common: they “reproduce” themselves automatically by attaching

themselves to host software or disk sectors on your computer, usually without

your knowledge. Most viruses cause relatively trivial problems, ranging from

the merely annoying to the downright insignificant. Often, the primary

consequence of a virus infection is the cost you incur in time and effort to track

down the source of the infection and eradicate all of its traces.

Why worry?

So why worry about virus infections, if most attacks do little harm? The

problem is twofold. First, although relatively few viruses have destructive

effects, that fact says nothing about how widespread the malicious viruses are.

In many cases, viruses with the most debilitating effects are the hardest to

detect—the virus writer bent on causing harm will take extra steps to avoid

discovery. Second, even “benign” viruses can interfere with the normal

operation of your computer and can cause unpredictable behavior in other

software. Some viruses contain bugs, poorly written code, or other problems

severe enough to cause crashes when they run. Other times, legitimate

software has problems running when a virus has, intentionally or otherwise,

altered system parameters or other aspects of the computing environment.

Tracking down the source of resulting system freezes or crashes can drain time

and money from more productive activities.

Beyond these problems lies a problem of perception: once infected, your

computer can serve as a source of infection for other computers. If you

regularly exchange data with colleagues or customers, you could unwittingly

pass on a virus that could do more damage to your reputation or your dealings

with others than it does to your computer.

Preface

viii McAfee VirusScan Anti-Virus Software

The threat from viruses and other malicious software is real, and it is growing

worse. Some estimates have placed the total worldwide cost in time and lost

productivity for merely detecting and cleaning virus infections at more than

$10 billion per year, a figure that doesn’t include the costs of data loss and

recovery in the wake of attacks that destroyed data.

Where do viruses come from?

As you or one of your colleagues recovers from a virus attack or hears about

new forms of malicious software appearing in commonly used programs,

you’ve probably asked yourself a number of questions about how we as

computer users got to this point. Where do viruses and other malicious

programs come from? Who writes them? Why do those who write them seek

to interrupt workflows, destroy data, or cost people the time and money

necessary to eradicate them? What can stop them?

Why did this happen to me?

It probably doesn’t console you much to hear that the programmer who wrote

the virus that erased your hard disk’s file allocation table didn’t target you or

your computer specifically. Nor will it cheer you up to learn that the virus

problem will probably always be with us. But knowing a bit about the history

of computer viruses and how they work can help you better protect yourself

against them.

Virus prehistory

Historians have identified a number of programs that incorporated features

now associated with virus software. Canadian researcher and educator Robert

M. Slade traces virus lineage back to special-purpose utilities used to reclaim

unused file space and perform other useful tasks in the earliest networked

computers. Slade reports that computer scientists at a Xerox Corporation

research facility called programs like these “worms,”a term coined after the

scientists noticed “holes”in printouts from computer memory maps that

looked as though worms had eaten them. The term survives to this day to

describe programs that make copies of themselves, but without necessarily

using host software in the process.

A strong academic tradition of computer prank playing most likely

contributed to the shift away from utility programs and toward more

malicious uses of the programming techniques found in worm software.

Computer science students, often to test their programming abilities, would

construct rogue worm programs and unleash them to “fight”against each

other, competing to see whose program could “survive”while shutting down

rivals. Those same students also found uses for worm programs in practical

jokes they played on unsuspecting colleagues.

User’s Guide ix

Preface

Some of these students soon discovered that they could use certain features of

the host computer’s operating system to give them unauthorized access to

computer resources. Others took advantage of users who had relatively little

computer knowledge to substitute their own programs—written for their own

purposes—in place of common or innocuous utilities. These unsophisticated

users would run what they thought was their usual software only to find their

files erased, to have their account passwords stolen, or to suffer other

unpleasant consequences. Such “Trojan horse”programs or “Trojans,”so

dubbed for their metaphorical resemblance to the ancient Greek gift to the city

of Troy, remain a significant, and growing, threat to computer users today.

Viruses and the PC revolution

What we now think of as true computer viruses first appeared, according to

Robert Slade, soon after the first personal computers reached the mass market

in the early 1980s. Other researchers date the advent of virus programs to 1986,

with the appearance of the “Brain”virus. Whichever date has the better claim,

the link between the virus threat and the personal computer is not

coincidental.

The new mass distribution of computers meant that viruses could spread to

many more hosts than before, when a comparatively few, closely guarded

mainframe systems dominated the computing world from their bastions in

large corporations and universities. Nor did the individual users who bought

PCs have much use for the sophisticated security measures needed to protect

sensitive data in those environments. As further catalyst, virus writers found

it relatively easy to exploit some PC technologies to serve their own ends.

Boot-sector viruses

Early PCs, for example, “booted”or loaded their operating systems from

floppy disks. The authors of the Brain virus discovered that they could

substitute their own program for the executable code present on the boot

sector of every floppy disk formatted with Microsoft’s MS-DOS, whether or

not it included system files. Users thereby loaded the virus into memory every

time they started their computers with any formatted disk in their floppy

drives. Once in memory, a virus can copy itself to boot sectors on other floppy

or hard disks. Those who unintentionally loaded Brain from an infected

floppy found themselves reading an ersatz “advertisement”for a computer

consulting company in Pakistan.

With that advertisement, Brain pioneered another characteristic feature of

modern viruses: the payload. The payload is the prank or malicious behavior

that, if triggered, causes effects that range from annoying messages to data

destruction. It’s the virus characteristic that draws the most attention—many

virus authors now write their viruses specifically to deliver their payloads to

as many computers as possible.

Preface

x McAfee VirusScan Anti-Virus Software

For a time, sophisticated descendants of this first boot-sector virus represented

the most serious virus threat to computer users. Variants of boot sector viruses

also infect the Master Boot Record (MBR), which stores the partition

information your computer needs to figure out where to find each of your

hard disk partitions and the boot sector itself.

Realistically, nearly every step in the boot process, from reading the MBR to

loading the operating system, is vulnerable to virus sabotage. Some of the

most tenacious and destructive viruses still include the ability to infect your

computer’s boot sector or MBR among their repertoire of tricks. Among other

advantages, loading at boot time can give a virus a chance to do its work before

your anti-virus software has a chance to run. Many McAfee anti-virus

products anticipate this possibility by allowing you to create an emergency

disk you can use to boot your computer and remove infections.

But most boot sector and MBR viruses had a particular weakness: they spread

by means of floppy disks or other removable media, riding concealed in that

first track of disk space. As fewer users exchanged floppy disks and as

software distribution came to rely on other media, such as CD-ROMs and

direct downloading from the Internet, other virus types eclipsed the boot

sector threat. But it’s far from gone—many later-generation viruses routinely

incorporate functions that infect your hard disk boot sector or MBR, even if

they use other methods as their primary means of transmission.

Those same viruses have also benefitted from several generations of evolution,

and therefore incorporate much more sophisticated infection and concealment

techniques that make it far from simple to detect them, even when they hide

in relatively predictable places.

File infector viruses

At about the same time as the authors of the Brain virus found vulnerabilities

in the DOS boot sector, other virus writers found out how to use other

software to help replicate their creations. An early example of this type of virus

showed up in computers at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania. The virus

infected part of the DOS command interpreter COMMAND.COM, which it

used to load itself into memory. Once there, it spread to other uninfected

COMMAND.COM files each time a user entered any standard DOS command

that involved disk access. This limited its spread to floppy disks that

contained, usually, a full operating system.

Later viruses quickly overcame this limitation, sometimes with fairly clever

programming. Virus writers might, for instance, have their virus add its code

to the beginning of an executable file, so that when users start a program, the

virus code executes immediately, then transfers control back to the legitimate

software, which runs as though nothing unusual has happened. Once it

activates, the virus “hooks”or “traps”requests that legitimate software makes

to the operating system and substitutes its own responses.

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