Kenwood KA-8100 User manual

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INTRODUCTION

The

purpose

of

this

manual

is

to

acquaint

you

with

the

operating

features

of

your

new

amplifier.

You

will

notice

that

in

every

detail

of

planning,

engineering,

styling,

operating

convenience,

and

adaptability,

we

have

sought

to

anticipate

your

needs

and

desires.

We

suggest

that

you

read

this

manual

carefully.

Knowing

how

to

set

up

your

amplifier,

to

the

best

advantage,

will

enhance

your

listening

pleasure

right

from

the

start.

You

will

also

become

aware

of

the

ease

with

which

you

can

adjust

your

amplifier

to

meet

your

special

requirements.

SERIAL

NUMBER

Record

your

SERIAL

NUMBER

on

the

spaces

designated

on

the

warranty

card.

You

will

find

the

serial

number

on

the

back

of

the

unit.

AFTER

UNPACKING

After

unpacking,

we

recommend

you

inspect

and

examine

the

unit

for

any

possible

shipping

damage.

If

your

unit

is

damaged

or

fails

to

operate,

notify

your

dealer

immediately.

If

your

unit

was

shipped

to

you

directly,

notify

the

shipping

com-

pany

without

delay.

Only

the

consignee

(the

per-

son

or

company

receiving

the

unit)

can

file

a

claim

against

the

carrier

for

shipping

damage.

We

recommend

you

retain

the

original

carton

and

packing

materials

to

prevent

any

damage

should

you

transport

or

ship

your

unit

in

the

fu-

ture.

PRECAUTIONS

CONCERNING

INSTALLATION

(a)

Avoid

locations

subject

to

direct

sunlight.

(b)

Avoid

high

or

low

temperature

extremes.

(c)

Keep

the

amplifier

away

from

heat

radiating

source.

WARNING:

TO

PREVENT

FIRE

OR

SHOCK

HAZARD,

DO

NOT

EXPOSE

THIS

APPLIANCE

TO

RAIN

OR

MOIS-

TURE.

2

KA-8100(k)

AC

VOLTAGE

SELECTION

The

KA-8100

operates

on

110

~

120

volts

or

220

~

240

volts

AC.

Before

operating

the

unit,

make

sure

that

the

position

of

the

AC

Voltage

Selector

Switch

matches

your

line

voltage.

If

not,

it

must

be

changed

to

the

proper

setting

in

accord-

ance with

the

instructions

below.

Note:

Our

warranty

does

not

cover

damage

caused

by

excessive

line

voltage

due

to

improper

setting

of

the

AC

Voltage

Selector

Switch.

AC

110-120V~

are

|.

Remove

screws

and

stopper

plate.

2.

Switch

levers

to

opposite

side.

3.

Lock

levers

by

attaching

stopper

plate

to

opposite

side

screws.

220-240V~

AC

220V~)

1h

AC

110-120V~~

(

(AC

120V~)

ar

( )

is

European

type.

Stopper

plate

©

aye

©

1

@

AC

220-240V~.

(AC

220V~)

AC

VOLTAGE

SELECTOR

SWITCH

FEATURES:

é03ica-a5cas

Seidler!

weal

aan

ig

Ge

eS

ae

3

GUIDE

TO

SAFETY

USAGE

.4..

0

2s

eee

4

GENERAL

NOTES

FOR

CORRECT

USAGE

.......

4

INTERCONNECTING

DIAGRAM

.............4--

5

CONNECTING

INSTRUCTIONS

.......----.-5-

6

CONTENTS

CONTROLS

AND

THEIR

FUNCTIONS...........

10

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

...........----5-

12

POINTS

TO

BE

CHECKED

PRIOR

TO

SERVICING

4a-2

eta

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eee

EE

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14

SPECIFIGALIONS

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oc

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ete

Peek

15

FEATURES

1.

DC

POWER

AMPLIFIER

Although

an

ordinary

amplifier

is

generally

provided

with

input

or

interstage

capacitors,

the

KA-8100

power

ampli-

fier

section

does

not

have

any

input

or

interstage

capacitors.

In

addition,

the

NF

loop

circuit

also

does

not

have

any

capacitor

that

may

be

accompanied

with

a

time

constant.

Therefore

there

is

no

phase

difference

throughout

the

fre-

quency

range

including

the

super-low-frequency

zone.

Since

the

DC

power

amplifier

is

almost

free

from

distortion,

excessive

distortion,

rising

time,

etc.,

it

offers

extensively

improved

sharpness

and

depth

of

sound

as

well

as

gorgeous

dimensional

feeling.

Resolution

is

very

good

even

at

a

low

sound

level,

and

there

is

no

oppressive

sensation

at

a

high

sound

level.

This

amplifier

assures

highly

qualified

reproduction.

2.

TWO

INDEPENDENT

POWER

SUPPLIES

The

KA-8100

uses

the

equivalent

of

two

separate

mono-

phonic

amplifiers,

each

with

its

own

power

supply.

This

arrangement

completely

eliminates

the

occurrence

of

dy-

namic

crosstalk

which

is

considered

to

influence

the

quality

of

sound

rigorously.

In

particular,

the

power

supply

for

the

preamplifier

section

employs

exclusively

designed

transistorized

regula-

tors

to

remove

a

mutual

interference

between

former

and

latter

stages

of

the

amplifier.

3.

ICL

EQUALIZER

WITH

CONSTANT-

CURRENT

MIRROR

LOAD

FET

DIFFERENTIAL

CIRCUIT

This

is

a

3-stage

direct-coupled

ICL

circuit

consisting

of

the

constant-current

bias

current

mirror

load

differential

circuit,

the

class

A

constant-current

load

Darlington

circuit,

and

the

pure

complementary

SEPP

circuit.

The

use

of

low-noise

circuit

elements

and

the

optimum

selection

of

circuit

constants

assure

excellent

performance

character-

istics

such

that

the

phono

S/N

ratio

is

85

dB

(IHF

A),

the

distortion

factor

is

0.003%

(20

Hz

~

20

kHz

REC

OUT),

and

the

RIAA

deviation

is

+0.2

dB.

4.

LOW

DISTORTION,

HIGH

S/N

RATIO

TONE

CONTROL

CIRCUIT

A

tone

control

circuit

is

necessary

to

correct

the

acoustic

response

of

reproduced

sound which

may

be

affect-

ed

by

the

room

acoustics.

However,

ordinary

tone

control

circuit

produces

more

distortion

than

any

other

element

in

the

amplifier.

Kenwood

solved

this

problem

by

using

FET

differential

amplifier

in

the

first

stage

of

the

amplifier,

as

well

as

baxandal

tone

control

to

circuit

to

reduce

the

unwanted

distortion

and

noise

to

negligible

level.

5.

FULL

RANGE

OF

STEEP-SLOPE

FILTER

The

low

frequency

filter,

effective

from

40

Hz

and

below

at

a

slope

of

12

dB/oct

and

subsonic

filter

with

a

slope

6

dB/oct

below

18

Hz

reduces

turntable

rumble

or

other

low

frequency

interference

without

materially

affect-

ing

musical

response,

while

at

high

frequency

filter

effec-

tive

above

8

kHz

with

slope

of

12

dB/oct

helps

to

reduce

record

scratch

or

other

high

frequency

interferences.

6.

SPECIAL

TAPE-THROUGH

CIRCUITRY

The

KA-8100

has

facilities

for

simultaneous

recording

by

two

recorders

and

for

dubbing,

either

from

deck

A

to

B

or

vice-versa.

In

addition,

Kenwood’s

tape-through

circuitry

allows

you

to

dub

while

listening

to

a

different

program

source.

This

may

not

be

a

feature

you

will

use

every

day,

but

it

is

quite

practical

and

will

be

appreciated

when

the

occasion

arises.

7.

GAIN

CONTROL

The

gain

in

flat

amp

can

be

switched

to

+10

dB,

0,

—10

dB.

It

works

as

a

normal

attenuator

and

direct

play-

back

is

possible

with

a

low

output

type

cartridge

when

set

at

the

+10

dB

position.

8.

ACCURATE

VOLUME

CONTROL

EXPANDS

FINE

ADJUSTMENT

The

volume

control

is

equipped

with

a

precision

atten-

uator

of

the

type

employed

in

measuring

instruments

and

other

high

reliability

equipment.

Volume

adjustment

can

be

easily

performed

when

listening

at

low

volume

levels,

temporarily

reducing

the

volume,

or

employing

a

low

input

level

(high gain)

power

amplifier.

The

volume

adjustment

range

can

also

be

expanded

by

employing

the

volume

con-

trol

and

gain

control

switch

in

combination.

9.

LOUDNESS

CONTROL

WITH

3-LEVEL,

2-FREQUENCY

CHANGE-OVER

FEATURE

This

loudness

control

assures

very

wide

and

fine

adjust-

ments

for

the

compensation

of

the

sound

field,

acoustic

feeling,

and

low-frequency

performance

of

the

speaker

sys-

tems.

10.

Kenwood’s

excellence

of

design

and

superior

crafts-

manship

is

evident

not

only

in

the

electronics

of

the

KA-

8100

but

also

in

all

the

controls.

KA-8100(K)

3

GUIDE

TO

SAFETY

USAGE

HANDLING

OF

POWER

PLUG

When

you

connect

or

disconnect

the

power

plug

from

the

wall

outlet,

never

do

it

with

wet

hands

to

avoid

unexpected

accident

from

electric

shock.

Hold

the

power

plug

itself

when

you

pull

it

out

of

the

outlet.

It

will

be

a

good

habit

if

you

pull

out

the

power

plug

before

you

leave

your

house

for

a

long

time.

POWER

CORD

The

power

cord

must

not

be

pulled

strongly,

nor

bent

forcibly,

nor

extended

by

connecting

an

extra

cord.

This

will

damage

the

cord

and

be

a

cause

of

electric

shock

and

a

fire.

PREVENTION

OF

INTRUSION

OF

METALLIC

SUBSTANCE

IN

UNITS

The

case

top

is

provided

with

ventilation

holes.

Never

close

these

holes

with

ornamental

cloth,

etc.

Be

careful

not

to

put

a

coin,

hair

pin,

needle,

etc.,

into

the

unit

through

the

holes.

Otherwise,

it

may

be

a

case

of

malfunction

and

electric

shock.

Such

trouble

is

often

caused

by

infants.

PREVENTION

OF

MODIFICATION

Each

unit

is

shipped

after

passing

careful

adjustments

to

the

optimum

operating

conditions.

The

unit

interior

must

not

be

modified.

Some

parts

of the

interior

are

applied

with

high

voltage.

Never

dismantle

the

case

and

touch

the

internal

parts.

Only

the

qualified

servicemen

are

in

charge

of

check-in

the

interiors.

GENERAL

NOTES

FOR

CORRECT

USAGE

NEVER

HINDER

THE

AMPLIFIER

FROM

VENTILATION

e

In

order

to

prevent

internal

temperature

rise,

the

amplifier

case

is

provided

with

ventilation

holes.

Therefore,

the

amplifier

should

be

installed

at

least

1-31/32""

(5

cm)

distant

from

other

things.

The

ventilation

holes

must

not

be

closed

by

curtain,

table

cloth,

etc.

e

If

generation

of

a

large

output

power

for

a

long

time

is

attempted,

the

amplifier

must

not

be

installed

in

stacks

with

other

units.

The

tuner

and

the

amplifier

should

be

installed

side

by

side.

If

there

is

no

ample

space

for

installation,

then

the

amplifier

must

be

installed

in

the

highest

position.

PROTECTION

OF

SPEAKERS

SYSTEM

@

Lower

the

sound

volume

when

switching

the

amplifier

on

or

changing

over

the

program

source

to

another.

You

should

make

it

a

rule

to

move

the

4

kKA-8100(K)

volume

control

knob

to

a

low

sound

level

before

you

turn

the

POWER

switch

on.

Sudden

feeding

of

a

large

input

power

may

damage

the

speaker

systems.

If

you

keep

such

a

habit,

the

speaker

systems

can

be

protected

against

the

attack

of

violent

noise

occurring

when

a

stylus

is

put

ona

disk

or

an

FM

station

is

selected.

e

Always

pay

attention

to

the

permissible

input

for

the

speaker

systems

in

operation.

If

the

sound

volume

exceeds

the

permissible

levels,

the

speaker

systems

may

be

destroyed.

PRE

OUT

POWER

IN

TERMINAL

e

Exactly

insert

the

two

short

pin

plugs

into

the

connectors

between

the

pre-amplifier

and

the

power

amplifier,

located

on

the

amplifier

rear

panel.

No

sound

is

generated

if

these

plugs

are

left

dis-

connected.

INTERCONNECTING

DIAGRAM

TURNTABLE

|

TAPE

DECK

A

SPEAKER

SYSTEMS

A

SPEAKER

SYSTEMS

B

RIGHT

LEFT

RIGHT

mn

(e)

LEFT

O)

UN

Bil

Mens.

+]i-

at

.

REL

REIL

rr

ie,

In

emo)

WUHAN

+

a

SPEAKERS(A.B4~

—

A+

|

OF

[)

160

At88~160)

-

B+

INPUT

TAPE——-——

RIGHT

LEFT

RIGHT

LEFT

_

BOS)

“9

OD

D

®)

PHONO

ie

EY

TUNER

at

@

*

@)

@

To

AC

OUTLET

RAIL

RAL

LINE

IN

LINE

OUT

(|

ss)

GS.

i

weueme

002Ou:

TUNER

TAPE

DECK

B

AC

OUTLETS

2.

UNSWITCHED

outlet

The

AC

outlets

on

the

rear

panel

of

the

ampli-

This

outlet

delivers

power

at

all

times.

fier

may

be

used

to

supply

power

to

other

com-

(The

capacity

is

250

watts

maximum.)

ponents

such

as‘a

turntable,

tape

deck,

etc.

Aiotad:

1.

SWITCHED

outlets

1.

Units

shipped

to

the

European

countries

are

not

equip-

These

outlets

are

controlled

by

the

POWER

ped

with

the

AC

OUTLETS.

switch

on

the

front

panel.

(The

total

capacity

2.

Do

not

connect

any

equipment

whose

power

consump-

:

.

i

i

tlet.

is

100

watts

maximum.)

tion

exceeds

the

capacity

of

each

ou

KA-8100(K)

5

CONNECTING

INSTRUCTIONS

SPEAKER

CONNECTING

AND

SPEAKER

SWITCH

In

connecting

only

one

pair

of

speakers

con-

nect

the

right

speaker

to

‘“RIGHT”

and

the

left

speaker

to

“LEFT”

of

SPEAKERS

A

terminals.

Should

(+)

or

(—)

of

either

right

or

left

channel

be

reversely

connected,

sounds

at

the

center

section

[

will

be

adversely

affected

by

lack

of

separation.

|

|

Omm

To

connect

an

additional

pair

of

speakers,

connect

the

right

speaker

to

‘“RIGHT”

and

the

left

speaker

to

“LEFT”

of

SPEAKERS

B

terminals.

When

connecting

the

speaker

leads

to

the

speaker

terminals,

make

sure

that

the

bare

wire

strands

at

the

ends

of the

speaker

leads

do

not

touch

the

adjacent

terminal.

It

is

recommended

that

the

tips

of

the

speaker

leads

are

soldered,

or

the

strands

of

individual

leads

are

twisted

together

to

eliminate

any

possibility

of

short-circuits

forming

in

the

speaker

connecting

network.

NN

a@

Remove

insulation

=

from

wire

end.

Note:

When

only

one

pair

of

speakers

are

used,

please

ensure

that

the

impedance

of

each

speaker

is

4

ohms

or

more.

Loosen

the

Insert

the

Tighten

the

When

two

pairs

of

speakers

are

used

at

the

same

time

(A+B),

screw

wire

screw

e

that

the

impedance

of

each

speaker

is

8

ohms

please

ensure

tha

peda

p

8

f

or

more.

PHASING

OF

THE

SPEAKERS

Speaker

phasing

can

be

determined

in

the

following

manner:

1.

Set

the

MODE

switch

to

MONO.

2.

Set

the

INPUT

SELECTOR

switch

to

PHONO

1,

and

adjust

the

VOL-

UME

control

to

the

desired

listening

level.

3.

Play

a

familiar

record.

4.

\f

the

sound

comes

directly

from

the

front,

the

speakers

are

in

phase.

If

the

sound

comes

from

both

sides

and

there

is

a

noticeable

loss

in

low

frequencies,

the

speakers

are

out

of

phase.

In

this

case

reverse

the

leads

on

one

speaker.

SPEAKER

TERMINALS

TET]

(RIGHT)

6

KA-8100(k)

CONNECTING

IN

STRUCTIONS

TURNTABLE

CONNECTION

The

two

shielded

audio

cables

from

your

stereo

turntable

are

normally

terminated

with

phono

plugs.

Connect

the

left

channel

of

the

turn-

table

to

the

‘‘LEFT’’

PHONO

1

input

jack

and

the

right

channel

to

the

““RIGHT’’

PHONO

1

input

jack.

If

an

additional

turntable

is

used

in

order

to

operate

two

turntables

or

two

tonearms

on

the

same

turntable,

connect

the

left

channel

to

the

“LEFT”

PHONO

2

input

jack

and

the

right

chan-

nel

to

the

““RIGHT’’

PHONO

2

input

jack.

If

the

turntable

has

a

grounding

wire,

connect

it

to

this

amplifier’s

GND

terminal

to

avoid

hum.

TAPE

DECK

CONNECTION

Recording

A

tape

deck

can

be

connected

for

recording

as

follows:

left

channel

input

of

the

tape

deck

to

TAPE

A

“LEFT”

REC

jack,

right

channel

input

of

the

tape

deck

to

TAPE

A

“RIGHT”

REC

jack.

Playback

A

tape

deck

can

be

connected

for

playback

as

follows:

left

channel

output

of

the

tape

deck

to

TAPE

A

“LEFT”

PLAY

jack,

right

channel

output

of

the

tape

deck

to

TAPE

A

“RIGHT”

PLAY

jack.

If

an

additional

tape

deck

is

used

and

two

tape

decks

are

operated

simultaneously,

the

same

connections

must

be

provided

for

TAPE

B

jacks.

DIN

CONNECTOR

(REC/PLAY

CONNECTOR)

If

your

tape

deck

is

equipped

with

a

DIN

connector,

connect

it

to

the

‘““TAPE

B’””

REC/PLAY

connector

with

a

DIN

connecting

cord.

A

DIN

connector

enables

recording

and

playback

with

this

single

cord.

Notes:

1.

Please

note

that

the

REC/PLAY

connector

corresponds

to

the

TAPE

B

REC

and

TAPE

B

PLAY

jacks

—

the

signal

must

be

controlled

with

TAPE

(MONITOR)

switch

on

the

front

panel.

2.

When

a

DIN

cord

is

connected,

the

TAPE

B

PLAY

and

REC

jacks

should

not

be

used.

TURNTABLE

TAPE

DECK

Rec

REC/PLAY

TAPE

RIGHT

LEFT

|

KA~8100(K)

7

CONNECTING

INSTRUCTIONS

TUNER

CONNECTION

Use

the

TUNER

terminals

for

connection

to

an

FM

stereo

or

AM-FM

stereo

tuner.

Connect

the

left

channel

of

the

tuner

to

the

“LEFT”

TUNER

input

jack

and

the

right

channel

of

the

tuner

to

the

“RIGHT”

TUNER

input

jack.

AUX

(AUXILIARY

INPUTS)

High

level

AUX

input

jacks

are

for

miscel-

laneous

sources,

such

as

extra

tape

decks,

additional

tuners

and/or

receivers,

TV

sound

outputs,

and

other

external

components.

TUNER

RIGHT

A\LEFT

TECHNICAL

DESCRIPTION

DC

Power

Amplifier

In

many

ways

the

direct

current

(DC)

amplifier

is

the

ideal

amplifier

for

audio

use.

Kenwood

audio

engineers

have

taken

up

the

challenge

of

producing

this

ideal

amplifier.

The

result

has

been

success

in

producing

a

power

amplifier

which

makes

this

dream

come

true.

Characteristics

of

DC

Amplifier

1.

They

make

reproduction

of

low

frequencies

down

to

subsonic

and

DC

levels

possible.

The

result

is

to

give

a

greater

sense

of

power

in

the

audio

reproduction

which

greatly

increases

enjoyment

of

music

and

reproduces

the

low-

frequency

high-energy

sounds

of

a

live

perform-

ance

as

only

a

DC

amplifier

can.

.

2.

There

is

zero

phase

difference

between

input

and

output.

Because

there

are

no

capacitors

in

the

signal

path

to

cause

phase

rotation,

phase

distortion

is

absent.

3.

Output

waveform

is

a

faithful

duplication

of

the

input

waveform.

Although

this

would

seem

to

be

a

natural

prerequisite

for

a

hi-fi

amplifier,

it

is

a

fact

that

only

a

DC

amplifier

makes

faithful

duplication

possible.

8

KA-8100(K)

The

performance

of

aDC

amplifier

depends

upon

the

stability

of

each

individual

circuit

within

it.

In

the

input

stage,

special

dual

FETs

are

used,

intended

for

the

most

demanding

electronic

computer

applica-

tions

(in

packs

of

perfectly

balanced

pairs).

This

is

followed

by

a

three-stage

differential

amplifier

operat-

ing

in

Class

A,

in

which

the

open

loop

gain

is

high,

and

in

which

a

fully

adequate

degree

of

negative

feedback

is

applied

with

a

pre-driver

load

circuit

in

which

the

power

transistor

bias

is

stabilized

by

a

constant

current

supply

circuit.

This

circuit

config-

uration

gives

excellent

stability

and

extremely

wide

frequency

response.

CONNECTING

INSTRUCTIONS

PRE

OUTPUT

POWER

IN

JACKS

Independent

Preamplifier/Power

Amplifier

System

By

utilizing

these

jacks,

the

KA-8100

can

be

used

independently

to

drive

an

external

power

amplifier

or

preamplifier.

This

allows

comparison

listening

between

the

KA-8100

power

amplifier

and

a

homebuilt

or

other

separate

power

amplifier.

And

also

an

external

preamplifier

can

be

connected

to

the

KA-8100

power

amplifier

section

to

compose

a

stereo

system.

In

such

a

case,

first

the

power

switch

off,

then

remove

the

short

pin

plug.

KA-8100

PRE

AMP

POWER

AMP

i

ee

ee

RIGHT

LEFT

A

Multi-amplifier

System

By

adding

an

electronic

crossover

network

and

one

or

two

additional

power

amplifiers,

a

high-

grade

multi-amplifier

system

can

be

built

in

the

following

manner.

1.

Connect

the

PRE

OUT

jacks

to

the

input

jacks

of

the

crossover

network.

2.

Connect

the

POWER

IN

jacks

to

the

low

range

output

jacks

of

the

crossover

network.

3.

Connect

the

HIGH

range

output

jacks

of

the

crossover

network

to

the

input

jacks

of

a

separate

power

amplifier

for

the

high

fre-

quency

range.

4.

Connect

the

speakers

for

the

lower

frequencies

to

the

amplifier,

and

those

for

the

higher

fre-

quencies

to

the

separate

amplifiers.

Note:

For

further

details

on

connections,

etc,

see

the

instruction

manual

supplied

with

the

adaptor.

POWER

AMP

INPUT.

q.

q:

MV

CROSSOVER

oes

|

NETWORK

AG,

ee

one

<n

==

GN

POWER

PRE

AMP

of

KA-8100

POWER

AMP

re

=

POWER

AMP

Speakers

High-mid

Range

MV

Woofer

KA-8100(K)

9

CONTROLS

AND

THEIR

FUNCTIONS

SPE

OKERS.

()

SPEAKERS

switch

OFF

—

This

position

silences

all

speakers

for

private

head-

phones

listening.

A

—

Activates.

speakers

connected

to

the

‘‘A”

speaker

terminals

on

the

rear

panel.

B

—

Activates

speakers

connected

to

the

‘’B”’

speaker

terminals

on

the

rear

panel.

A+B

—

Activates

simultaneously

two

sets

to

speaker

sys-

tems

connected

to

the

“A”

and

““B”’

speaker

terminals.

(2)

POWER

switch

.

ON

—_

This

position

turns

the

amplifier

on.

The

pilot

lamp

lights

when

the

power

is

on.

OFF

—

This

position

turns

the

amplifier

off.

@)

PHONES

jack

Plug

stereo

headphones

into

this

jack.

For

private

listen-

ing

through

headphones,

set

the

SPEAKERS

switch

to

the

OFF

position.

@

TONE

controls

The

BASS

and

TREBLE

controls

are

for

adjusting

the

bass

and

treble

response.

This

is

a

click

stop

type

control

graduated

by

1.5

dB.

Each

knob

controls

both

left

and

right

channels

equally.

Turning

the

knobs

clockwise

in-

creases

bass

and

treble

response

and

counterclockwise

de-

creases

bass

and

treble

response.

You

can

select

the

bass

and

treble

TURNOVER

frequencies

(150

Hz

or

400

Hz

for

bass

control,

3

kHz

or

6

kHz

for

treble

control)

with

the

TURNOVER

switches.

OFF

position

provides

completely

flat

frequency

response

with

tone

control

circuit

deactivated.

Switch

positions

and

functions

are

as

follows:

150

Hz:

+7.5

dB

at

50

Hz,

3kHz:

+7.5

dB

at

10

kHz

400

Hz:

+7.5

dB

at

100

Hz,

6

kHz:

+7.5

dB

at

20

kHz

1Q

KA-8100(k)

(6)

GAIN

control

Set

to

—10

dB

to

attenuate

the

output

by

10

dB.

For

example,

with

GAIN

set

at

—10

dB

and

VOLUME

at

—22

dB,

it

means

that

this

amplifier

is

operating

at

—32

dB

gain

below

its

rated

level.

This

position

(—10

dB)

can

also

be

used

to

briefly

lower

the

volume

when

changing

records

or

tapes.

Set

to

+10

dB

to

boost

the

output

by

10

dB.

©

BALANCE

control

This

BALANCE

control

(Outer

knob)

adjusts

unequal

volume

from

any

program

source

in

right

and

left

channels.

The

left

channel

is

accentuated

when

this

adjuster

is

turn-

ed

from

center

toward

the

left

side,

and

conversely.

@

VOLUME

control

Adjust

output

level

to

speakers

and

headphones.

Scale

is

graduated

in

dB,

and

when

used

in

conjunction

with

the

GAIN

control,

finer

and

wider

range

attenuation

can

be

performed.

LOUDNESS

control

This

switch

is

used

for

the

compensation

of

the

sound

-

field

and

speaker

performance,

and

also

for

the

correction

of

acoustic

feeling

in

low-frequency

zone

when

a

source

is

reproduced

at

a

low

sound

level.

Since

both

low

frequency

and

level

can

be

controlled

inde-

pendently,

quite

exquisite

adjustments

are

possible

in

ac-

cordance

with

the

conditions

of

the

speaker

systems

and

the

listening

room.

The

relationship

between

switch

posi-

tioning

and

function

is

shown

in

the

following

diagram.

If

the

frequency

knob

is

in

off

position,

the

frequency

characteristic

is

completely

flat

and

loudness

control

be-

comes

ineffective.