Freescale Semiconductor HCS12 User manual

HCS12

Microcontrollers

freescale.com

S12CPUV2

Reference Manual

S12CPUV2

Rev. 4.0

03/2006

S12CPUV2 Reference Manual, Rev. 4.0

Freescale Semiconductor 3

Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

S12CPUV2

Reference Manual

To provide the most up-to-date information, the revision of our documents on the World Wide Web will be

the most current. Your printed copy may be an earlier revision. To verify you have the latest information

available, refer to:

http://www.freescale.com

The following revision history table summarizes changes contained in this document.

Revision History

Revision

Number Date Summary of Changes

3.0 April, 2002 Incorporated information covering HCS12 Family of 16-bit MCUs throughout the book.

4.0 March, 2006 Reformatted to Freescale publication standards.

Corrected mistake in ANDCC/TAP descriptions (Instruction Glossary).

Corrected mistake in MEM description (Instruction Glossary).

S12CPUV2 Reference Manual, Rev. 4.0

4 Freescale Semiconductor

S12CPUV2 Reference Manual, Rev. 4.0

Freescale Semiconductor 5

Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Section 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Section 2. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Section 3. Addressing Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Section 4. Instruction Queue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Section 5. Instruction Set Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

Section 6. Instruction Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Section 7. Exception Processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311

Section 8. Instruction Queue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323

Section 9. Fuzzy Logic Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337

Appendix A. Instruction Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375

Appendix B. M68HC11 to CPU12 Upgrade Path. . . . . . . . . . . . .403

Appendix C. High-Level Language Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433

Reference Manual — S12CPUV2

List of Sections

S12CPUV2 Reference Manual, Rev. 4.0

6 Freescale Semiconductor

S12CPUV2 Reference Manual, Rev. 4.0

Freescale Semiconductor 7

Section 1. Introduction

1.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

1.3 Symbols and Notation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

1.3.1 Abbreviations for System Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

1.3.2 Memory and Addressing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

1.3.3 Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

1.3.4 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Section 2. Overview

2.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

2.2 Programming Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

2.2.1 Accumulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

2.2.2 Index Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

2.2.3 Stack Pointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

2.2.4 Program Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

2.2.5 Condition Code Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

2.2.5.1 S Control Bit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

2.2.5.2 X Mask Bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

2.2.5.3 H Status Bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

2.2.5.4 I Mask Bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

2.2.5.5 N Status Bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

2.2.5.6 Z Status Bit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

2.2.5.7 V Status Bit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

2.2.5.8 C Status Bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

2.3 Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

2.4 Memory Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

2.5 Instruction Queue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Reference Manual — S12CPUV2

Table of Contents

S12CPUV2 Reference Manual, Rev. 4.0

8 Freescale Semiconductor

Section 3. Addressing Modes

3.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

3.2 Mode Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

3.3 Effective Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

3.4 Inherent Addressing Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

3.5 Immediate Addressing Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

3.6 Direct Addressing Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

3.7 Extended Addressing Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

3.8 Relative Addressing Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

3.9 Indexed Addressing Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

3.9.1 5-Bit Constant Offset Indexed Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

3.9.2 9-Bit Constant Offset Indexed Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

3.9.3 16-Bit Constant Offset Indexed Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

3.9.4 16-Bit Constant Indirect Indexed Addressing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

3.9.5 Auto Pre/Post Decrement/Increment Indexed Addressing. . . . . . . . . .39

3.9.6 Accumulator Offset Indexed Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

3.9.7 Accumulator D Indirect Indexed Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

3.10 Instructions Using Multiple Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

3.10.1 Move Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

3.10.2 Bit Manipulation Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

3.11 Addressing More than 64 Kbytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Section 4. Instruction Queue

4.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

4.2 Queue Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

4.2.1 Original M68HC12 Queue Implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

4.2.2 HCS12 Queue Implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

4.3 Data Movement in the Queue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

4.3.1 No Movement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

4.3.2 Latch Data from Bus (Applies Only to the M68HC12 Queue) . . . . . . .49

4.3.3 Advance and Load from Data Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

4.3.4 Advance and Load from Buffer (Applies Only to M68HC12 Queue) . .49

4.4 Changes in Execution Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

4.4.1 Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

4.4.2 Subroutines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

4.4.3 Branches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

S12CPUV2 Reference Manual, Rev. 4.0

Freescale Semiconductor 9

4.4.3.1 Short Branches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

4.4.3.2 Long Branches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

4.4.3.3 Bit Condition Branches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

4.4.3.4 Loop Primitives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

4.4.4 Jumps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Section 5. Instruction Set Overview

5.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

5.2 Instruction Set Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

5.3 Load and Store Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

5.4 Transfer and Exchange Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

5.5 Move Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

5.6 Addition and Subtraction Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

5.7 Binary-Coded Decimal Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

5.8 Decrement and Increment Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

5.9 Compare and Test Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

5.10 Boolean Logic Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

5.11 Clear, Complement, and Negate Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

5.12 Multiplication and Division Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

5.13 Bit Test and Manipulation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

5.14 Shift and Rotate Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

5.15 Fuzzy Logic Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

5.15.1 Fuzzy Logic Membership Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

5.15.2 Fuzzy Logic Rule Evaluation Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

5.15.3 Fuzzy Logic Weighted Average Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

5.16 Maximum and Minimum Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

5.17 Multiply and Accumulate Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

5.18 Table Interpolation Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

5.19 Branch Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

5.19.1 Short Branch Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

5.19.2 Long Branch Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

5.19.3 Bit Condition Branch Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

5.20 Loop Primitive Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

5.21 Jump and Subroutine Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

S12CPUV2 Reference Manual, Rev. 4.0

10 Freescale Semiconductor

5.22 Interrupt Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

5.23 Index Manipulation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

5.24 Stacking Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

5.25 Pointer and Index Calculation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

5.26 Condition Code Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

5.27 Stop and Wait Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

5.28 Background Mode and Null Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

Section 6. Instruction Glossary

6.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

6.2 Glossary Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

6.3 Condition Code Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

6.4 Object Code Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

6.5 Source Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

6.6 Cycle-by-Cycle Execution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

6.7 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

Section 7. Exception Processing

7.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311

7.2 Types of Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311

7.3 Exception Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

7.4 Resets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

7.4.1 Power-On Reset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314

7.4.2 External Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314

7.4.3 COP Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314

7.4.4 Clock Monitor Reset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314

7.5 Interrupts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

7.5.1 Non-Maskable Interrupt Request (XIRQ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

7.5.2 Maskable Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

7.5.3 Interrupt Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316

7.5.4 External Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317

7.5.5 Return-from-Interrupt Instruction (RTI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317

7.6 Unimplemented Opcode Trap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317

7.7 Software Interrupt Instruction (SWI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318

Other manuals for HCS12

Table of contents

Other Freescale Semiconductor Microcontroller manuals

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor MC9S12XHY Series User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor HCS12 User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor MK22FN256VDC12 User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor MCUSLK User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor MC68332 User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor *KE02 Series Instruction manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor MCF5282 Installation and operating instructions

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor MMA7260QT Instruction manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor MC9S08PA32 Instruction manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor M5213EVB Instructions for use

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor FRDM-KL05Z User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor PXR4030 User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor MPC561 User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor TWR-K21F120M User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor TWR-K20D50M User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor FRDM-MC-LVBLDC User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor MPC5553 User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor MCF52230 ColdFire User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor RS08 User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor DEMO9S08SE8 User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor MPC5517G User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor MC9S08JS16 Series User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor TWR-K60N512 User manual

Freescale Semiconductor

Freescale Semiconductor MC9S12DJ128E User manual

Popular Microcontroller manuals by other brands

AMS

AMS AS7261 Demo Kit user guide

Novatek

Novatek NT6861 manual

Espressif Systems

Espressif Systems ESP8266 SDK AT Instruction Set

Nuvoton

Nuvoton ISD61S00 ChipCorder Design guide

STMicrolectronics

STMicrolectronics ST7 Assembler Linker user manual

Texas Instruments

Texas Instruments Chipcon CC2420DK user manual

Lantronix

Lantronix Intrinsyc Open-Q 865XR SOM user guide

NEC

NEC 78GK0S/K 1+ Series Application note

Mikroe

Mikroe SEMITECH N-PLC Click Application note

Intel

Intel Agilex user guide

Cypress

Cypress CY4607 HX2VL quick start guide

DIGITAL-LOGIC

DIGITAL-LOGIC MICROSPACE manual

Texas Instruments

Texas Instruments TMS320F2837 D Series Workshop Guide and Lab Manual

CYPRES

CYPRES CY14NVSRAMKIT-001 user guide

Texas Instruments

Texas Instruments INA-DUAL-2AMP-EVM user guide

Espressif Systems

Espressif Systems ESP8266EX Programming guide

Abov

Abov AC33M8128L user manual

Laird

Laird BL654PA user guide