Dustbane 19315 User manual
Parts & Operations Manual
Manuel de pièces et d’opérations
Propane High Speed Burnisher
Floor Machine / Machine à préparation de surface
Code: 19315/19317/19318
Serial Number:
Numéro de série : _____________________
Date of Purchase:
Date d’achat : ________________________
More info / Plus d’info : www.dustbane.ca
2015-06
Engine Emissions and CO Safety
The purpose of this document is to provide information on:
• The potential effects of CO exposure;
• The methods to reduce the risk of CO poisoning;
• The methods used to determine the amount of potential exposure to CO produced by equipment.
DANGER: All LPG (Liquid Propane Gas) powered engines, including this engine, produce Carbon
Monoxide (CO). It is a FATAL POISON that is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and non-irritating gas.
It is produced by incomplete combustion of carbonaceous material such as propane (LPG).
Failure to provide for proper venting of CO produced during the operation of combustion powered
engines may result in SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH to the operator and those in the contaminated area.
The effects of CO can be experienced at different exposure levels, depending on the health of the
individual. Conditions that affect the tolerance of the individual are smoking, age, temperature, humidity,
d other conditions.
an
WARNING: Read and understand The Operators Manual completely before using this machine
This document explains how CO produced can be managed to reduce the risk of carbon monoxide
poisoning.
All distributors, owners, and operators should be aware of the potential effects of CO and the
methods used to prevent over exposure.
Onyx Environmental Solutions is dedicated to our customers, their safety, and providing information,
services, and products that meet those needs.
Information provided in this document is current as of the date written January 2003.
2
3
Document Overview
The information provided in the following overview has been condensed to provide the reader with a summary of the
material presented.
Potential Effects of CO Exposure
• Work place/industry guidelines for CO exposure limits vary substantially from region to region (OSHA) Permissible
Exposure Limit (PEL) for CO is 50 ppm, as an 8-hour time weighted average.
• Definition of CO effects - The toxic effects of carbon monoxide in the blood is the result of tissue hypoxia (lack of
oxygen). The severity depends on the state of activity of the individual and his tissue oxygen needs.
Methods to Reduce The Risks of CO Poisoning
• Air Exchange and CO Diffusion - CO does not mix with air on its own. Air currents can "stir" the CO and dilute the
concentration values by mixing it with the available air. When using equipment over a large area in a short time
"stirring" occurs as you walk.
• Application Considerations (Burnishing versus Stripping) - When activity is concentrated to a smaller area as in a
stripping application, air "stirring" must be forced by use of fans to reduce the risk of high concentrations of CO.
• Air Quality Monitoring - Deployment of a monitor/detector is essential for the safe operation of any equipment that has
the potential to produce CO.
• Room Size and Time Estimations - The concentration and volume of CO production, the size of the area and the
amount of air exchange are factors involved with determining safe time limits for operation in a specific room size.
• Maintenance of Equipment - LPG engines are dependent on engine tune up, and air filter replacement. CO
concentration (production) skyrockets when the air to fuel ratio becomes fuel rich. Follow the recommended
Maintenance Schedule for the engine.
• Safety Equipment Available - Three-way type catalytic converter to scrub CO, Hydro Carbons (HC), and Nitrous Oxide
(NOx) from the engine exhaust providing the lowest possible emissions, high cubic feet per minute (CFM) fans
(forced air mixing), and digital combustion analyzers for tail pipe emissions monitoring.
4
Engine Emissions - and CO Safety
Potential Effects of CO Exposure
• Work place/industry guidelines for CO exposure limits
• Definition of CO effects
Work place/industry guidelines for CO exposure limits
Limits for permissible exposure to CO vary substantially from region to region. City, State, and Industry
requirements should be consulted prior to use of any equipment. The current Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for CO is 50 ppm, as an 8-hour time weighted average
(TW A). This is computed by making measurements at intervals over 8 hours, then adding the sums of the
concentrations and the intervals, and dividing by 8 hours. For example:
Time
Interval
(Hours)
Parts Per Million
(PPM)
8:00 - 9:00 1100
9:00 - 10:00 125
10:00 - 11:00 125
11:00 - 12:00 150
12:00 - 1:00 150
1:00 - 2:00 150
2:00 - 3:00 150
3:00 - 4:00 150
Total: 8 HR 400 PPM
Time Weight Average: 400 PPM / 8 HR = 50
The current National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH), immediately dangerous to life and health
concentration (IDLH) recommended level for CO is 1,200 ppm. NIOSH defines the IDLH exposure level as the
concentration that could result in irreversible health effects or death, or prevent escape. from the contaminated
environment within 30 minutes.
Definition of CO effects:
The toxic effects of carbon monoxide in the blood are the result of tissue hypoxia (lack of oxygen) carbon
monoxide combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin. Since CO and oxygen react with the same group
in the hemoglobin molecule, carboxyhemoglobin is incapable of carrying Oxygen. The affinity of hemoglobin for CO
is 200 to 240 times greater than for oxygen. The extent of saturation of hemoglobin with CO depends on the
concentration of the gas, the quantity of inspired air and on the time of exposure. The severity depends on the state
of activity of the individual and his tissue oxygen needs.
According to Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 7th edition, no symptoms will develop at a concentration
of 0.01 % CO (1OOppm) in inspired air, since this will not raise blood saturation above 10 %. Exposure to 0.05%
(500ppm) for 1 hour during light activity will produce a blood concentration of 20% carboxyhemoglobin and result in
a mild or throbbing headache. Greater activity or longer exposure causes a blood saturation of 30 to 50 %. At this
point head ache, irritability, confusion, dizziness, visual disturbance, nausea, vomiting, and fainting can be
experienced. Exposure for one hour to concentrations of 0.1 % (1000ppm) in inspired air the blood will contain 50 to
80% carboxyhemoglobin which results in coma, convulsions, respiratory failure and death. On inhalation of high
concentrations of CO, saturation of the blood proceeds so rapidly that unconsciousness may occur suddenly without
warning.
Methods to Reduce the Risks of CO Poisoning
• Air Exchange and CO Diffusion
• Application Considerations (Burnishing versus Stripping)
• Air Quality Monitoring
• Room Size and Time Estimations
• Maintenance of Equipment
• Safety Equipment Available
Air Exchange and CO Diffusion
The most reliable method to prevent CO Poisoning is to ensure all the CO produced is vented outside. With wood
stoves or gas heaters this is performed with ductwork that carries the exhaust and CO outside. Non-stationary
combustion type equipment must be used in such a way that CO is not allowed to rise to a harmful or dangerous level.
CO does not readily dissipate or mix with air on its own. Air currents can "stir" the CO and dilute the concentration or
ppm values by mixing it with the available air. When using equipment over a large area in a short time "stirring" occurs as
you walk, or to say it another way, your Effective Operating Zone is large. When activity is concentrated to a smaller area
as in a stripping application, the Effective Operating Zone is small, and "stirring" must be forced by the use of fans to
increase the Effective Operating Zone and reduce high concentrations of CO. .
“Air" exchange rates (air exchange is defined as the exhausting of internal air to the external atmosphere), the size of
the Effective Operating Zone, amount of CO produced, level of human activity, and the duration of exposure are all
factors in the determination of the production of carboxyhemoglobin and the amount of CO blood saturation.
Application considerations (Burnishing versus Stripping)
When using equipment over a large area in a short time, as in most burnishing applications, your Effective Operating
Zone is large. When activity is concentrated to a smaller area as in stripping applications, the Effective Operating Zone is
small and stirring or CO mixing MUST be forced by the use of fans to increase the Effective Operating Zone and reduce
high concentrations of CO.
Caution: air mixing in itself may not be sufficient to reduce CO to a safe level.
The Effective Operating Zone can be defined as the area covered in a given time.
MODEL 1
NO AIR EXCHANGE INO AIR MIXNG (STRIP MODE)
Stripping differs from burnishing, and carries with it substantially more hazards, as stripping is a low movement
operation compared to burnishing (less floor space for the same time). As shown in Model 1, the CO concentrations rise
quicker as the "Effective Operating Zone" is a small area compared to the total building size.
5
Notice the CO concentration and the Effective Operating Zone with air exchange. The CO cloud is still concentrated in a
small area. Note the "Dividing Zone" shown above; this is the line where airflow changes direction. In Model 2, air
changes are cut in Y2 as little or no CO crosses the Dividing Zone to be exhausted.
Notice the CO concentration and the Effective Operating Zone (Expanded to the Dividing zone) with air exchange
and forced air mixing. The CO cloud is stilleoncentrated on one side of the Dividing zone. Note the "Dividing Zone"
shown above, this is the line where airflow changes direction. In Model 3, air changes are cut in V2 as little or no CO
crosses the Dividing Zone to be exhausted.
Notice the CO concentration and the Effective Operating Zone (Expanded through the Dividing zone to the second
vent) with air exchange and forced air mixing through the dividing Zone. The CO cloud is diluted with the available air
in the building. Note the "Dividing Zone" shown above, this is the line where airflow changes direction. In Model 4, air
changes are full as forced air mixing has moved and mixed the CO between all air zones.
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Air Quality Monitoring
Warning: Deployment of a monitor/detector is essential for the safe operation of any equipment
that has the potential to produce CO. CO sensors/detectors became available on the mass market
around 1978. The main differences between the technologies involved are battery or electric and
Semiconductor or Biomimetic types. Detectors for carbon monoxide (CO) are manufactured and
marketed for use in either the home or occupational industrial settings. The detectors for home
use are devices that will sound an alarm before CO concentrations in the home become
hazardous. There is an Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., performance standard (UL 2034) for
residential CO detectors. Detectors currently available on the market are battery-powered, plug-in,
or hardwired. Some models incorporate a visual display of the parts per million (ppm)
concentration of CO present in the home. For more information on CO detectors for home use, call
the Consumer Product Safety Commission:
Commission Hotline at 1-800-638-2772
CO detectors for use in residential settings are not designed for use in workplace settings. Monitoring
requirements in an occupational setting are different from monitoring requirements in the home. In the
workplace, it is frequently necessary to monitor a worker's exposure to carbon monoxide over an entire
work shift and determine the time-weighted average (TWA) concentration of the exposure. It may also be
necessary to have carbon monoxide monitors with alarm capabilities in the workplace. The direct reading
instruments are frequently equipped with audio and/or visual alarms and may be used for area and/or
personal exposure monitoring. Some have microprocessors and memory for storing CO concentration
readings taken during the day. It is significant to note that some of the devices mentioned for workplace CO
monitoring are not capable of monitoring TWAs, and not all are equipped with alarms. The appropriate
monitor must be chosen on an application-by-application basis. For more information on the availability of
workplace CO monitors or their application, call the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health at
1-800-35-NIOSH (1-800-356-4674).
Room Size and Time Estimations for Parts Per Million (PPM) CO
The fundamental factors in area CO levels involve:
The concentration and volume of CO production;
The size of the area;
The amount of air exchange if any;
The amount of time CO is produced;
Multiplying length, width, and height will determine the volume or cubic feet in a room. So an
empty building 100ft by 100ft with a 10ft ceiling would be 100,000 cubic ft. in size. Any material
that is in the room and takes space would reduce the cubic feet.
* Air exchange is defined as the exhausting of internal air to the external atmosphere.
The Graph above depicts the relationships of air exchange to time and CO ppm with cubic feet
area and percent CO emissions remaining constant.
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8 Hour Time Weighted Average (OSHA Method)
1.5%CO 100,000cf Hours Operation 1234567 8
TWA (OSHA Method) 0 change/hr 34 103 206 343 514 719 959 1232
1/2 change/hr 27 70 124 183 246 311 378 445
1change/hr 22 51 84 118 152 186 220 255
2 changes/hr 15 32 49 66 83 100 117 135
Based on the CO production rates shown above the TWA would be exceeded in a 100 x 100 x 10 foot (empty) space after
3 hours with 2 air changes per hour. (Assumes no additional CO exposure during 8 hour time period)
1.5% CO Emission in 100,000 cubic feet with 480 cc 14 HP
Engine and complete air/CO mixing
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
12345678
Time (hours)
PPM (parts per million)
8
1.5% CO Emission in 500,000 cubic feet with 480 cc 14 HP
Engine and complete air/CO mixing
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
12345678
PPM (parts per million)
Time (hours)
0 change/hr
1/2 change/hr
1 change/hr
2 changes/hr
0 change/hr
1/2 change/hr
1 change/hr
2 changes/hr
The Graph above depicts the relationships of air exchange to time and CO ppm with cubic feet area and percent CO
emissions remaining constant.
8 Hour Time Weighted Average (OSHA Method)
1.5%CO 500,000cf Hours Operation 1234567 8
TWA (OSHA Method) 0 change/hr 17 51 103 171 257 360 479 616
1/2 change/hr 14 35 62 92 123 156 189 223
1change/hr 11 26 42 59 76 93 110 127
2 changes/hr 716 24 33 42 50 59 67
Based on the CO production rates shown above the TWA would be exceeded in a 100 x 500 x 10 foot (empty) space after
6 hours with 2 air changes per hour (Assumes no additional CO exposure during 8 hour time period).
1.5% CO Emission in 750,000 cubic feet with 480 cc 14 HP
Engine and complete air/CO mixing
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
12345678
Time (hours)
PPM (parts per million)
0 change/hr
1/2 change/hr
1 change/hr
2 changes/hr
The Graph above depicts the relationships of air exchange to time and CO ppm with cubic feet area and percent CO
emissions remaining constant.
8 Hour Time Weighted Average (OSHA Method)
1.5%CO 750,000cf Hours Operation 123456 7 8
TWA (OSHA Method) 0 change/hr 5 14 27 46 69 96 128 164
1/2 change/hr 4 9 16 24 33 42 50 59
1change/hr 3711 16 20 25 29 34
2 changes/hr 2 4 7911 13 16 18
Based on the CO production rates shown above the TW A would not be exceeded in a 100 x 750 x 10 foot (empty) space
after 8 hours with 2 air changes per hour. (Assumes no additional CO exposure during 8 hour time period)
Maintenance of Equipment
Warning: The proper maintenance of equipment is vital to safe operation. LPG engines are dependent
on engine tune up, and air filter replacement CO concentration (production) skyrockets when the air to
fuel ratio becomes fuel rich. Follow the recommended Maintenance Schedule for the engine found in the
Engine Operator/Owner Manual as well as the Maintenance And Adjustments schedule found in the
Propane Floor Equipment Operator's Manual that were supplied with the equipment. Additional manuals
may be obtained by contacting;
Onyx Environmental Solutions at 1-800-858-3533 or write to:
Onyx Environmental Solutions, 1712 Williams Rd. Ext., Monroe, NC 28110
CO Safety Equipment Available:
• Three-way type catalytic converter to scrub CO, Hydro Carbons (HC), and Nitrous Oxide (NOx) from
the engine exhaust providing the lowest possible emissions
• High cubic feet per minute (PM) fans (forced air mixing)
• Digital combustion analyzers for tail pipe emissions monitoring
9
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2
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