Clifton LAboratories Z10000?U Installation and operating instructions

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AssemblyandOperationsManual

Z10000‐UBroadbandBufferAmplifier

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Version3.3/03April2009

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7236CliftonRoad

CliftonVirginia20124

Telephone:(703)830‐0368

Fax:(703)830‐0711

http://www.cliftonlaboratories.com

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AssemblyandOperationsManual

Z10000‐U

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Version3.3April2009

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(c)2006,2008,2009JackR.Smithd/b/a/CliftonLaboratories.

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LastRevised03April2009

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CliftonLaboratories–Z10000‐UBufferAmplifierAssemblyandOperation  Page1

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1IntroductionandSpecifications

Introduction

CliftonLaboratories’Z10000IFsamplerbufferamplifierisavailableintwoversions:

•Z10000‐K2model—optimizedtobeusedwithanElecraftK2transceiver,withbandpassresponse

shapingfora4915KHzIF;

•Z10000‐Uor“Universal”model—samePCBastheZ10000‐K2,butwithaflatfrequencyresponse.

TheZ10000‐UisbroadbandandissuitabletousewithElecraft’sK3transceiverforadditional

isolationand/orgainfromthe8215KHzIFoutputport.Thismanualcoversthe–Uversion.

1.1Specifications

ParameterSpecification

PhysicalsizeApprox1.4”(35mm)x1.25”(32mm).Heightapprox0.2”(5mm)plusclearanceforwiring.

Mountinghole:clearancefor4‐40machinescrew.

PowerRequirements+12Vatapprox20mA.Onboardregulatorpermitsoperationwith24Vmaximumsupply

voltage.

ConnectorsNone.Directwire(coaxialcable)connectionviasolderpads.Usermayinstallheaders(0.1”)

spacingifsodesired.

GainUsersettableviaprogrammingresistor.

OutputImpedance50ohms;shortcircuitprotected.

ActiveDevices78L09voltageregulator

AD8007amplifier

ReverseIsolationTypically100dBat4.915MHz;dependsoncableroutingasstraycouplingbecomes

importantatthislevelofisolation.Lessisolationathigherfrequencies.SeeSection1.3.3.

HarmonicDistortion(2ndand

3rdharmonic)

Typically80dBbelowcarrier;dependsongainsettingandinputlevel

3rdorderintermodulation

distortion

Typically‐70dBbelowoutputforsignallevelsfoundinreceiverinputstages.IP3depends

ongainsettingandfrequency,typically+30dBm.

InputSignalLevelDCnottoexceed25volts;ACinputleveldependsongainsetting;typicallyusedwithaless

than100mVPPinput.

BandwidthDependsongain.Ifsetfor+6dBnetgain,usablebandwidth>100MHz.(Seetypical

performanceplot)Lowfrequencyresponseextendstobelow50KHz.1

InputImpedanceDependsonfrequencyandattachmenttechnique.Greaterthan1.5Kohmto10MHz,(See

typicalperformanceplot)

GainDependsonR907value.Typicalmaximumgainat5MHzis+14dB,typicalminimumgainis

‐4dB

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1.3TypicalPerformanceMeasurements

ThedatapresentedisforoneZ10000amplifierequippedwithconnectorsforeasiertesting,setfornet10

dBgain(nominal2).R905=4.7KandR907=95.3ohms.A49.9ohmsurfacemountresistorwasinstalled

acrossthetestamplifier’sinputtoprovidefor50ohmnominalinputimpedance.



1ItispossibletoextendtheZ10000’slowfrequencyresponseto3KHzbyreplacingall0.22µFcapacitors

with1.0µF.TheZ10000‐Uusedinthetestdatapresentedhasthismodification.

2Thetheoreticalgainforthetestedconfigurationis9.9dB,representing15.9dBamplifiergain,followedby

6dBlossresultingfromtheseries49.9ohmoutputseriesresistance.

CliftonLaboratories–Z10000‐UBufferAmplifierAssemblyandOperation  Page2

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1.3.1FrequencyResponseandGain

At5MHz,thesampleunit’smeasuredgainis9.78dB,0.12dBlessthantheoreticallypredicted.The3dB

bandwidthextendsfrom3KHzto174MHz.

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1.3.2InputImpedance

Thebufferamplifier’sinput

impedanceisdominatedbytwo

elements;thebiasisolationresistor

(4.7KΩintheZ10000‐U’snormal

configuration)andshunt

capacitancefromthePCBtraces,

connectingwirestotheamplifier

andtheamplifier’sinput

capacitance.

Themeasureddatapresentedatthe

rightshouldbeconsideredas

representativeofaZ10000‐U

amplifierwithshort(atwoinches/

50mm)coaxialcableinputleads.

1.3.3ReverseIsolation

Thebufferamplifier’sreverse

isolationisafunctionoffrequency,as

illustratedintheamplifier

measurementspresentedatthe

right.At8MHz,themeasured

sampleexhibited115dBreverse

isolation.

Reverseisolationisalsoaffectedby

howtheamplifierishoused,lead

dress,shielding,etc.Accordingly,the

CliftonLaboratories–Z10000‐UBufferAmplifierAssemblyandOperation  Page3

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isolationillustratedattherightmaynotbeachievedineveryinstance.

1.3.4IntermodulationPerformance

Theillustrationattherightshows

theoutputofthetestunitwith

twoequalsignals(9900KHzand

10100KHz)of‐10dBmappliedto

theamplifierinput.Theamplifier

outputis0dBm(a3dBattenuator

isappliedaheadofthespectrum

analyzerinthisplot.)

Thethirdorderintermodulation

productis‐71.8dBmdownfrom

eithertone.Withanoutputbased

reference,therefore,theIP3is

thus+35.9dBm.

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2SchematicandCircuitDescription

2.1Schematic

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CliftonLaboratories–Z10000‐UBufferAmplifierAssemblyandOperation  Page4

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2.2TheoryofOperation

2.2.1PowerSupply.

TheAD8007amplifierisratedatanabsolutemaximumoperatingvoltageof12V.Inordertoprovidea

safetymargin,andtodecoupletheamplifierfromthepowersupply,U902,athree‐terminalfixed

regulator,providesasourceofstable+9VtoU901.C907andC908provideadditionaldecoupling.U901,

theAD8007amplifier,obtainsitspowerviatheRCdecouplingnetworkcomprisedofR902,C902and

C906.

Sincethecircuitoperatesfromasinglepositivepowersupply,itisnecessarytobiasU901’sinputto

approximatelyV/2.Thisisaccomplishedbythe2:1voltagedividerchainofR902/R903.C903bypassesthe

V/2referencevoltage;whilstR905increasesU901’sinputimpedancebyisolatingC903’sRFground.

R905’smaximumvalueisdeterminedbytheU901’sinputbiascurrentonthepositivepin,specifiedby

AnalogDevicesas8μA.For4.7KΩ,thisbiascurrentrepresentsanIRdropof38mV.WithaDCgainof4,

thecorrespondingoutputDCoffsetwillbeabout150mV.Ifabsolutelynecessaryforhighinput

impedance,R905maybesubstitutedwithahighervalueresistor,uptoapproximately22KΩ.However,at

frequenciesaboveafewMHz,theinputimpedanceisdominatedbyshuntcapacitance;increasingR905

shouldbedoneonlywithanunderstandingofallthefactorsaffectingtheinputimpedance.3

2.2.2Amplifier

U901,anAnalogDevicesAD8007,isahighperformance,lownoisecurrentfeedbackamplifier,witha

gain‐bandwidthproductexceeding650MHz.Acurrentfeedbackamplifierisalsoknownasa

“transimpedance”amplifier.AnalogDevicesdescribeshowacurrentfeedbackamplifierworks:

First,thenegativeinputofaCFArespondstocurrent;theoutputvoltageisproportionaltothat

current,hencetransimpedance(V(out)=Z(t)I(in)).Insteadofkeepingthenegativeinputcurrent

smallbymaintaininghighinputimpedance,andusingfeed‐backandvoltagegaintokeepthe

inputvoltagedifferencesmall,theCFAkeepsthevoltagedifferencesmallbyvirtueofitslow

inputimpedance(likelookingbackintoalow‐offsetemitterfollower);anditkeepsitsnetinput

currentsmalldynamicallybyfeedbackfromtheoutput.

WhenanidealCFAisdrivenatthehigh‐impedancepositiveinput,thenegativeinput,withitslow

impedance,followscloselyinvoltage;andthehighgainforerrorcurrentandthenegative

feedbackthroughRfrequirethatthecurrentsthroughRfandRinbeequal;henceV(out)=

V(in)[R(f)/R(in)+1],justlikeforvoltage‐feedbackamplifiers.Amajordifferenceisthattheslew

ratecanbequitehigh,becauselargetransientcurrentscanflowintheinputstagetohandle

rapidchangesinvoltageacrossthecompensatingcapacitor(s).Also,thelowimpedanceatthe

negativeinputmeansthatstrayinputcapacitancewillnotsubstantiallyaffecttheamplifier's

bandwidth.

U901’sgain(indB)isdeterminedbytheratioofresistorsR906andR907:



3CliftonLaboratorieswillprovideinterestedZ10000ownerswiththeLTSpicemodeloftheAD8007andan

LTSpicemodeloftheamplifiercircuitsuponrequest.SPICEmodelingwillallowtheusertodeterminetheeffectsof

componentchangeswithareasonabledegreeofaccuracy.

CliftonLaboratories–Z10000‐UBufferAmplifierAssemblyandOperation  Page5

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907

907906

log20 10 R

Gain

=

R908,49.9Ω,allowsU901todrivecapacitiveloads,suchascoaxialcableandalsoprotectsU901against

operationintoshortcircuits.However,thevoltagedividereffectofR908,whichisinserieswiththeload,

reducesthenetavailablegainintoa50ohmloadby6dB.

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2.2.3GainSettingintheZ10000‐UBufferAmplifier

Tovarybufferamplifier’sgain,selectR907usingthefollowingtable.

NetGain(netofR908seriesresistance) R907

+15dB49.9Ω

+10dB100Ω

+6.7dB150Ω

+4.3dB221Ω

0dB499Ω

‐2.5dB1000Ω

‐3.5dB1500Ω

‐4.2dB2200Ω

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R906andR901shouldnotbevariedfromtheirdesignvalueswithoutathoroughanalysisofthecircuit.

2.2.4ValuestousewithElecraftK3Transceiver

WhenusingaZ10000‐UwithanElecraftK3transceivertoprovideadditionalgainandisolationoverthat

providedwiththeK3’sstandardIFoutputport,thefollowingcomponentvaluesshouldbeused:

IfyouhavenotmademodificationstotheK3’sIFsamplecircuitry,theK3willexhibitabout15dBnet

transferlossbetweentheantennaportandtheIFoutputportwhenmeasuredwiththeK3’spreamplifier

offandwitha50ohminstrumentontheIFport.Inordertobringthetransfergainto0dB,buildthe

Z10000for10dbnominalgain.(Approximately6dBgainwillbeaddedduetotheZ10000’shighinput

impedance,therebynettingoutat16dBtransfergain.)

R905:4K7Ω

R907:100RΩ

IfyouhavemadethemodificationtotheK3’sIFsamplecircuitdescribedbyLarry,N8LP,at

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LP‐PAN/files/K3_Buffer_Mod/,theK3’stransfergainwillbeincreasedto

6dBloss,animprovementof9dBfromtheunmodifiedcase.Inthisevent,youwillwishtobuildthe

Z10000for0dBnominalgain.

R905:4K7Ω

R907:499RΩ

TheZ10000kitincludesextraresistorswiththesevalues.

CliftonLaboratories–Z10000‐UBufferAmplifierAssemblyandOperation  Page6



3PartsList

TheZ10000‐Upartsarepackagedinaseveralsmallenvelopes.

•Resistors.

•Capacitors

•Printedcircuitboard

•Semiconductors(AD8007and78L09)

Whenworkingwithcapacitorsparticularly,donotremovedtheindividualpartsfromtheircolor‐

codedpackaginguntilyouarereadytousethecomponent,astheirvaluesarenotmarkedonthe

partandcannotnormallybevisuallydistinguished.Hence,ifyoumixupthecapacitors,youwill

havetomeasuretheirvalueswithacapacitancemeter.

Also,donotconfuse100ohm1%resistors(identifiedas1000)with1.0Kohm1%parts,identified

as1001.





Notethattheschematicidentifiespartswiththemultiplierasthe“decimal”point.Forexamplea

1Kohmresistorisidentifiedasa1K0,anda49.9ohmresistoras49R9.





TypicalPhotoDesignation Value Marking Qty



C9010u1 Notmarked 1

C9020u01 Notmarked 1

C9030u1 Notmarked 1

C9040u22 Notmarked 1

C9061u0 Notmarked 1

C9070u1 Notmarked 1

C9080u1 Notmarked 1



R901200R 2000 1

R90210R 10R0 1

R9031K0 1001 1

R9041K0 1001 1

R9054K0 4701 1

R906499R 4990 1

R90849R9 49R9 1

L901

Zeroohm

jumper0001

L902

Zeroohm

jumper0001

CliftonLaboratories–Z10000‐UBufferAmplifierAssemblyandOperation  Page7



TypicalPhotoDesignation Value Marking Qty

U901AD8007AD8007ARZ1

U902LM78L09KA78L09AZ1

GainSettingParts

SeemanualSection2.2.3and2.2.4todeterminepropervalue



OptionalResistorSupplied

R9052K2 2201 1

R9051K1 1101 1

R90749R9 49R9 1

R907100R 1000 1

R907150R 1500 1

R907220R 2200 1

R907499R 4990 1

R9071K0 1001 1

R9071K5 1501 1

R9072K2 2201 1

Z10000‐08 Printedcircuitboard 1



MultiplepartvaluesareprovidedforR905andR907,tobeselectedbythebuilderasdiscussedinat

Section2.2.3and2.2.4.

Printedinstructionsarenotsupplied;thismanualistobedownloadedfromtheCliftonLaboratoriesweb

site.

CliftonLaboratories–Z10000‐UBufferAmplifierAssemblyandOperation  Page8



4Assembly

4.1Orientation

LocatetheappropriatePCBandorientyourself

withtheboard.Identifythetopandbottom.

Thetophassilkscreeningaswellassolder

masking.



Thephotographshowsanearlierversionofthe

PCB.LaterPCBscorrectthesilkscreenerror

identifyingR907asR807,andslightlyrearrange

othersilkscreenlegends.Inaddition,

productioncircuitboardsmaybeslightly

smallerthaninthephotographs.

ThebottomPCBsurfaceissoldermaskedbut

notsilkscreened.Pleaseusethefollowing

annotatedphotographforpartsplacement.

000

Open

C908

C907

C902

C906

OUTPUT

INPUT

+12V

Bottom

View

Open

000

Threecapacitors,shownas“Open”inthe

photographarenotusedintheUversionand

hencethesepadsareunused.Thetwoareas

marked“000”showthelocationofthetwo0

ohmjumpers.

Theboardshownusesplug‐inheadersfortest

purposes.Yourboardwillnormallyusedirect

wireconnectionstothepower,inputand

outputpads,

althoughyou

are,ofcourse,

freetouse

headerpinsif

sodesired.(The

bottomview

photograph

blanksouta

component

addedfortest

purposes.It

alsoshowsa

tantalumcapacitoratC906.CurrentkitsareshippedwithaceramicC906.)



CliftonLaboratories–Z10000‐UBufferAmplifierAssemblyandOperation  Page9

Table of contents

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