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REFERENCE

MANUAL

AO

Series

20

Microscope

Advanced

Microstar

and

Phasestar

Models

Price

$1.00

@

AMERICAN

OPTICAL

?

CORPORATION

SCIENTIFIC

INSTRUMENT

DIVISION

¢

BUFFALO,

N.Y.

14215

INSTRUMENT

WARRANTY

This

American

Optical

Corporation,

Scientific

Instrument

Division,

product

is

warranted

against

defec-

tive

material

and

workmanship

for

one

year.

This

warranty

applies

only

to

new

products

that

have

not

been

tampered

with

or

misused

in

any

way.

AO

will

not

be

liable

to

anyone

for

special

or

consequential

damages

of

any

kind.

Nor

does

AO

warrant

consumables

or

accessories

not

manufactured

by

AO.

AO

makes

no

implied

warranties

of

merchantability

or

fitness

for

a

particular

purpose.

CLAIMS

AND

RETURNS

If

discrepancies

are

discovered,

an

immediate

report

should

be

made

to

the

customer’s

ordering

point

referring

to

the

packing

list

number.

All

packing

should

be

carefully

examined

to

insure

that

no

small

items

are

overlooked.

Claims

for

loss

or

damage

in

transit

should

be

made

directly

to

the

transportation

company,

If,

upon

delivery,

the

outside

of

the

packing

case

shows

evidence

of

rough

handling

or

damage,

the

transportation

company’s

agent

should

be

requested

to

make

a

“Received

in

Bad

Order”

notation

on

the

delivery

receipt.

If

there

is

no

exterior

evidence

of

rough

handling

upon

delivery,

but

concealed

damage

is

evident

upon

unpacking

the

shipment,

within

48

hours

of

delivery

the

transportation

company

should

be

requested

to

make

out

a

“Bad

Order”

report.

This

procedure

is

necessary

in

order

to

main-

tain

the

right

of

recovery

from

the

carrier.

Customers

are

requested

to

write

to

American

Optical

Corporation,

Scientific

Instrument

Division,

Buffalo,

New

York

14215,

or

their

ordering

dealer

for

permission

to

return

any

goods

to

the

factory

for

any

reason.

The

letter

of

request

should

indicate

the

date

and

number

of

the

invoice,

or

packing

list.

If

arrangements

are

made

for

a

return,

the

material

should

be

plainly

tagged

with

the

customer’s

and/or

dealer’s

name

and

address,

carefully

packed

and

shipped

PREPAID.

PRODUCT

CHANGES

The

American

Optical

Corporation,

Scientific

Instrument

Division,

reserves

the

right

to

change

designs

or

to

make

additions

to

or

improvements

in

its

products

without

imposing

any

obligations

on

itself

to

add

such

to

products

previously

manufactured.

The

equipment

supplied

may

not

agree

in

all

details

with

our

descriptions

or

illustrations

because

instruments

are

subject

to

modification

and

improvement.

SERVICE

Repairs

should

be

performed

only

by

qualified

service

personnel.

Complete

repair

facilities

are

avail-

able

at

many

AO

authorized

dealers,

and

AO

Technical

Service

Centers

in

Buffalo,

N.

Y.,

Chicago,

Il,

Glendale,

Calif.,

Springfield,

N.

J.,

and

Dallas,

Texas.

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

Introduction

...

Preliminary

Procedure

Description

and

Placement

of

Filters

Eight

Filters

Supplied

.

Filter

Placement

............

Identification

of

Filters

ii

Installation

of

Lamp

and

Lamp

Holder

.

Centration

of

the

Lamp

4

Procedure

for

Brightfield

Microscopy

..

Oe

UUHROW

OW

Ww

Procedure

for

Phase

Contrast

Microscopy

Care

and

Cleaning

Lamp

Replacement

.........

Cite

uteqaniscsasisssoiess

oR

ce

Sas

we

rane

Nv

Exposure

Tables

aaa

ieee

beac

secaeatas

seek

ssaceaaepeT

ae

ii

starsesee

i

Viewing

Screen

and

Dual

Viewing

.......

ea

oe

ns

had

ayeeieetes

trea

eS

:

a

Series

20

Parts

List

AO

Series

20

Microscope

Advanced

Microstar

and

Phasestar

Models

Figure

A

INTRODUCTION

The

AO

Series

20

Microscope

represents

well

over

a

century

of

American

experience

in

the

design

and

manufacture

of

fine

microscopes.

The

Series

20

features

a

research

type

illuminator

with

a

high

in-

tensity,

halogen

(quartz-iodine)

lamp

that

provides

uniform

intensity

throughout

its

life

at

a

consistent

desirable

color

temperature

of

3200°K.

The

two

built-in

filter

turrets

are

another

important

Series

20

feature.

The

Microscope

offers

a

wide

variety

of

preferred

neutral

density,

color

compensating

and

complementary

filters

which

can

be

quickly

positioned

in

the

light

path.

The

high

intensity

illumination

and

the

built-in

filter

turrets

combine

to

make

a

signifi-

cant

contribution

to

the

convenience

enjoyed

by

the

microscopist

and

add

new

instrument

versatility

for

his

professional

pursuits.

While

this

Reference

Manual

has

been

written

on

the

assumption

that

it is

to

be

used

by

advanced

students

and

experienced

microscopists,

procedural

steps

for

brightfield

and

phase

microscopy

are

outlined

in

considerable

detail,

These

step-by-step

procedures

will

serve

as

a

quick

review

for

the

more

advanced

user

and

will

be

most

helpful

in

the

instruction

and

training

of

those

less

experienced.

With

proper

care,

the

AO

Series

20

Microscope

will

provide

a

lifetime

of

satisfying,

dependable

service.

Should

an

occasional

need

for

service

occur,

the

user

can

readily

contact

competent,

trained

personnel

at

an

authorized

AO

dealer

or

an

AO

Technical

Service

Center.

The

last

section

in

this

Reference

Manual

is

a

Parts

List

for

the

Series

20

with

exploded drawings

keyed

to

parts

listings.

PRELIMINARY

PROCEDURE

This

Manual

is

written

as

a

supplement

to

the

Series

10

Microstar Reference

Manual,

10-101.

For

informa-

tion

on

fundamentals

such

as

focusing,

infinity

cor-

rected

objectives,

care

of

the

microscope,

etc.,

read

the

10-101

carefully.

If

a

Series

20

Phasestar

Micro-

scope

has

been

purchased,

the

AO

10

Phase-101

Reference

Manual

has

also

been

supplied

with

the

instrument.

A

review

of

the

Preliminary

Procedure

and

other

sections

of

this

manual

will

be

of

benefit.

Additional

copies

of

the

10-101

and

10

Phase-101

Reference

Manuals,

as

well

as

this

Manual

20A-101,

are

available

at

no

charge

as

an

AO

customer

service.

DESCRIPTION

AND

PLACEMENT

OF

FILTERS

IN

FILTER

TURRETS

The

base

of

the

AO

Series

20

Microstar

Microscope

contains

two

built-in

filter

turrets,

Each

turret

is

de-

signed

to

accept

four

filters

in

addition

to

the

open

aperture.

A

hinged

door

permits

access

to

the

turrets

for

the

insertion

and

removal

of

filters,

To

indicate

which

filters

are

in

the

“in

use”

position,

alphabetical

designations

are

used

with

the

upper

right

hand

turret

and

numerical

designations

with

the

lower

left

hand

turret.

Turrets

can

be

rotated

in

either

direction.

When

the

“O”

designation

on

both

turrets

is

indexed

toward

the

user,

the

open

apertures

of

the

turrets

are

positioned

in

the

light

path

of

the

microscope.

EIGHT

FILTERS

SUPPLIED

The

four

filters

supplied

for

the

lower

turret

are:

No.

2062

Didymium

Filter,

blue/pink

No.

310-601

Neutral

Density

Filter,

50%

transmission

No.

310-602

Neutral

Density

Filter,

25%

transmission

No.

310-603

Neutral

Density

Filter,

5%

transmission

The

four

filters

supplied

for

the

upper

turret

are:

No.

619

Blue

Filter

for

Polacolor®

No.

2060

Blue

Compensated

Filter,

EK

80A-+CC10R

for

color

transparencies

No.

2061

Green

Filter

for

phase

microscopy

and

black

&

white

photography

No.

406

Blue

Filter,

daylight

Polacolor®

by

Polaroid

Corporation

cj

FILTER

PLACEMENT

The

suggested

sequence

for

placement

of

the

filters

into

the

turrets

is

the

most

convenient

arrangement

for

anticipated

general

usage.

The

individual

can,

if

desired,

interchange

filter

positions

or

use

additional

special

filters

to

best

accomplish

his

own

particular

efforts.

Using

Figure

B

as

a

reference,

place

the

filters

in

their

respective

turret

apertures.

Begin

with

the

Jower

turret

set

at

“O”,

Rotate

this

turret

clockwise

until

the

aperture

between

“O”

and

“1”

is

most

accessible

(as

shown

in

Figure

C)

and

insert

the

blue/pink

Di-

dymium

Filter,

When

inserting,

hold

the

filter

by

the

edge

to

keep

surfaces

clean.

(If

dust,

dirt

or

a

grease

smear

is

noted

on

any

of

the

filters,

use

a

soft

brush,

lint-free

cloth,

or

cotton

and,

if

required,

a

mild

detergent

solution

to

clean.

Since

the

No.

2060

filter

(positioned

later

in

the

upper

turret)

is

a

multi-

layered

filter,

only

slightly

moisten

surfaces,

if

neces-

sary,

to

clean.

Keep

water

or

solution

away

from

filter

edges,

Should

a

filter

inadvertently

be

placed

in

the

wrong

aperture,

use

a

toothpick

or

similar

slender

RECOMMENDED

POSITIONS

OF

FILTERS

INTO

ILLUMINATOR

TURRETS

OF

SERIES

H20

MICROSTAR

#406

BLUE

FILTER

OPEN

(1.5

mm

thick)

SCO

APERTURE

#310-602

NEUTRAL

DENSITY

FILTER

25%

TRANSMISSION

#310-603

NEUTRAL

DENSITY

FILTER

5%

TRANSMISSION

#310-601

NEUTRAL

DENSITY

FILTER

50%

TRANSMISSION

LOWER

TURRET

UPPER

TURRET

#2060

BLUE

COMPENSATED

FILTER

EK

80A+CCIOR

(GLASS

THICKNESS

2.5

mm)

#619

BLUE

FILTER

(4

mm

thick)

OPEN

APERTURE

#2062

DIDYMIUM

FILTER

BLUE/PINK

(2

mm

thick)

Figure

B

a

ee

eT

Figure

D

object

to

push

the

filter

up

sufficiently

to

grasp

with

the

fingers

as

shown

in

Figure

D.

Continue

rotating

the

lower

turret

clockwise

going

past

the

next

aperture

(used

for

open

aperture)

until

the

filter

position

between

“2”

and

“3”

is

most

acces-

sible.

Insert

the

50%

Transmission

Neutral

Density

Filter.

To

aid

in

differentiating

between

neutral

den-

sity

filters,

remember

that

the

thicker

the

filter

and

the

darker

the

color,

the

less

light

the

filter

transmits,

Thus,

the

50%

filter

is

the

thinnest

and

lightest

in

color

of

the

three.

Continue

clockwise

positioning

the

25%

Neutral

Density

Filter

between

“3”

and

“4”

and

the

5%

between

“4”

and

“0”.

Place

the

filters

in

the

upper

turret

in

the

same man-

ner,

starting

at

“O” and

rotating

the

turret

clockwise.

This

will

place

the

No,

619

Blue

Filter

(4mm

thick)

between

“O”

and

“A”;

the

EK

80A+CCIOR

Filter

(a

multi-layered

blue

filter

with

a

glass

thickness

of

2.5

mm)

between

“A”

and

“B”;

and

the

Green

Filter

between

“B”

and

“C”.

The

open

aperture

is

next

fol-

lowed

by

the

No.

406

Blue

Filter

(1.5mm

_

thick)

positioned

between

“D”

and

“O”.

NOTE:

Be

sure

the

filters

are

properly

inserted

and

fully

seated

in

the

turret

wells,

Remove

the

filters,

whenever

the

microscope

is

tran-

shipped

or

excessively

tilted.

Keep

the

filter

turret

access

door

closed

to

exclude

dust.

IDENTIFICATION

OF

FILTERS

IN

LIGHT

PATH

When

using

the

suggested

sequence

for

filter

place-

ment,

the

numbers

and

letters

on

the

turrets,

when

indexed

toward

the

user,

indicate

which

filters

(or

open

apertures)

are

in

the

light

path

as

follows:

Lower

Turret

“O"

—

Open

Aperture

Upper

Turret

“O"

—

Open

Aperture

“1

—

50%

Neutral

"A"

—

Blue

Filter,

Density

Filter

daylight

"9"

_

25%

Neutral

“B’’

—

Blue

Filter

for

Density

Filter

Polacolor

"3"

_

5%

Neutral

“C""

—

Blue

Compen-

Density

Filter

sated

Filter,

EK

80A+-CCIOR

"4"

—

Didymium

Filter

—

“D’”

—

Green

Filter

INSTALLATION

OF

LAMP

AND

LAMP

HOLDER

1.

Use

the

paper

wrapper

to

keep

fingers

from

di-

rectly

contacting

glass.

(Fingerprints

and

stains

will

etch

into

the

quartz

lamp

and

should

be

removed

with

cleaning

tissue

and

alcohol

or

acetone

before

using

the

lamp.)

Insert

the

No,

2052

lamp

into

the

socket

of

the

lamp

holder.

Take

care

not

to

force

lamp

excessively.

Important:

The

lamp

is

properly

inserted

when

approximately

1/8”

of

the

contact

pins

remain

exposed

above

the

lamp

holder

socket

plate

as

illustrated

in

Figure

E.

2.

Check

to

see

that

the

lamp

holder

locking

screw

is

turned

out

sufficiently

and

insert

lamp

holder

into

microscope

base

as

shown

in

Figure

E.

Note

that

the

holder

is

positioned

so

that

the

diffusing

glass

is

toward

the

front

of

the

instrument,

.

Temporarily

tighten

lamp

holder

locking

screw.

4,

Check

to

see

that

the

No,

2051

Variable

Trans-

former

is

turned

off

and

insert

the

3-prong

plug

of

the

lamp

holder

cord

into

the

receptacle

on

the

back

of

the

transformer.

5.

Plug

the

transformer

cord

into

a

115V,

60

cycle

outlet,

Pilot

light

indicates

when

the

transformer

is

turned

on.

w

CENTRATION

OF

THE

LAMP

TO

THE

OPTICAL

PATH

OF

THE

MICROSCOPE

1,

Turn

on

transformer

to

the

9

volt

setting.

2,

Position

both

filter

turrets

at

“O”

(open

apertures).

3.

Place

a

piece

of

white

paper

or

a

ground

glass

over

the

light

well

in

the

microscope

base

as

shown

in

Figure

F,

Make

certain

that

the

paper

is

flat

on

the

well.

4.

Partially

close

the

field

diaphragm

by

moving

the

field

diaphragm

lever

to

the

left

until

the

lever

is

approximately

1/2”

from

the

end

of

its

excursion.

.

Loosen

the

lamp

holder

locking

screw

with

one

hand

and

simultaneously

hold

lamp

holder

with

the

wa

CONTACT

PINS

DIFFUSING

LAMP

HOLDER

GLASS

LOCKING

SCREW

Figure

E

Figure

F

other

hand

as

shown

in

Figure

F.

Move

lamp

holder

in

or

out

of

microscope

base

and

rotate

holder

until

the

light

directed

to

the

paper

is

centered

in

the

light

well

opening.

While

carefully

keeping

the

lamp

holder

in

the

correct

position

for

light

centration,

tighten

the

locking

screw.

Remove

paper

or

ground

glass

from

top

of

light

well.

Lig

AUXILIARY

SWING-IN

CONDENSER

CONDENSER

APERTURE

DIAPHRAGM

LEVER

=

RI

LIGHT

WELL

FILTER

TURRETS

FIELD

DIAPHRAGM

CENTERING

KNOBS

cn

PROCEDURE

FOR

BRIGHTFIELD

MICROSCOPY

.

Turn

on

the

transformer

to

the

9

volt

setting.

.

Make

certain

the

lamp

is

centered

following

the

method

entitled

“Centration

of

the

Lamp,

etc.”

Rotate

the

upper

turret

to

the

“A”

setting

to

po-

sition

the

No.

406

Blue

Filter

in

the

light

path.

Rotate

the

lower

turret

to

“3”

for

use

of

the

5%

Transmission

Filter.

Add

Filter

#310-602,

25%

Transmission,

if

light

level

is

too

intense

for

your

purpose.

.

Fully

open

both

the

field

diaphragm

of

the

illu-

minator

and

the

aperture

diaphragm

of

the

con-

denser

by

moving

the

levers

to

the

extreme

right

as

shown

in

Figure

G.

.

Turn

the

condenser

focusing

knob,

on

the

side

of

the

microscope

base

as

seen

in

Figure

G,

counter-

clockwise

to

the

end

of

its

excursion.

.

Place

a

specimen

slide

on

the

stage.

.

Rotate

the

microscope

objective

nosepiece

to

move

the

10X

objective

into

working

position.

.

Check

to

see

that

the

auxiliary

swing-in

con-

denser,

Figure

G,

(used

only

with

4X

scanning

objective)

is

out

of

the

light

path.

.

Raise

the

microscope

condenser

by

means

of

the

condenser

rack

and

pinion

knob,

Figure

H.

Raise

until

the

top

of

the

condenser

is

approximately

the

thickness

of

a

piece

of

paper

beneath

the

slide.

In

the

event

that

the

top

lens

of

the

condenser

is

FIELD

DIAPHRAGM

LEVER

Figure

G

10.

11.

12.

13.

14,

15.

too

far

from,

or

too

close

to,

the

underneath

side

of

the

specimen

slide,

adjust

the

height

of

the

stop

screw

in

the

substage

condenser

assembly

in

accordance

with

the

section

entitled

“Substage

Equipment”

in

Reference

Manual

10-101.

Lower

the

10X

objective

by

rotating

a

coarse

ad-

justment

focusing

knob

to

its

positive

stop.

Use

a

fine

adjustment

focusing

knob

to

bring

the

speci-

men

into

sharp

focus.

If

necessary,

adjust

lamp

centration

by

very

slightly

re-positioning

the

lamp

holder,

as

shown

in

Figure

F,

for

full,

even

illu-

mination

of

the

field

of

view.

Adjust

the

microscope

body

for

interpupillary

setting

and

eye

difference.

See

section

entitled

“Bodies”

in

Reference

Manual

10-101.

While

viewing

thru

the

microscope,

partially

close

the

field

diaphragm

(move

lever

approximately

1”

to

the

left

as

shown

in

Figure

I)

so

that

the

iris

diaphragm

leaves

are

imaged

within

the

field

of

view.

Bring

the

leaves

into

sharp

focus

by

raising

or

lowering

the

condenser

by

means

of

the

con-

denser

rack

and

pinion

knob

without

disturbing

the

fine

adjustment

knob

setting.

Using

the

centering

knobs

on

the

microscope

base,

as

shown

in

Figure

I,

center

the

image

of

the

field

diaphragm

to

the

periphery

of

the

field

of

view.

This

is

best

accomplished

by

rotating

the

two

knobs

simultaneously.

After

centering,

open

the

field

diaphragm

until

the

iris

leaves

“just”

disappear

beyond

the

field

of

view.

Remove

an

eyepiece

and

view

the

back

aperture

of

the

objective

as

shown

in

Figure

J.

Close

the

condenser

aperture

diaphragm

. . .

then

re-open

until

the

iris

diaphragm

leaves

“just”

disappear

from

view

to

obtain

the

full

resolving

power

of

the

microscope.

If

desired,

the

condenser

aperture

diaphragm

may

be

closed

as

required,

depending

upon

the

speci-

men,

to

enhance

contrast

and

depth

of

focus.

It

also

may

be

desirable

to

rotate

the

condenser

focusing

knob,

Figure

G,

very

slightly

clockwise

to

obtain

optimum

illumination.

When

changing

to

higher

power

objectives,

the

positions

of

the

aperture

and

field

diaphragms

must

be

reset.

As

magnification

increases,

the

aperture

diaphragm

must

be

opened

and

the

field

diaphragm

closed

as

required.

Also

recenter

field

diaphragm

and

refocus

the

condenser

if

necessary.

For

bright,

evenly

uniform

illumination,

readjust

the

position

of

the

condenser

focusing

lens

in

the

microscope

base

with

a

slight

turn

of

the

con-

denser

focusing

knob.

As

specimens

and

instrument

applications

vary,

the

other

turret-mounted

filters

and

transformer

settings

are

used

appropriately.

Additional

neutral

density,

compensating

or

complementary

filters

may

be

inserted

into

the

recessed

light

well

(Fig-

ure

G)

in

the

microscope

base

if

desired.

The

aperture

and

field

diaphragms

should

never

be

used

to

control

light

intensity.

Figure

I

Figure

J

CONDENSER

(CK

&

PINION.

“hnos

Figure

H

=

te

ae

—

s

Figure

K

PROCEDURE

FOR

PHASE

CONTRAST

MICROSCOPY

The

No.

1240

Phase

Turret

Condenser

and

the

No.

1246

Single

Annulus

Phase

Condenser

are

designed

for

universal

use

on

both

AO

Series

20

and

Series

10

Microscopes.

When

using

either

type

phase

con-

denser

on

a

Series

20,

the

bottom

(doublet)

lens

of

the

condenser

must

be

removed

regardless

of

whether

the

condenser

was

supplied

with

a

Series

20

or

a

Series

10

Microscope.

After

removing

the

phase

condenser

from

the

fork

mount

of

the

microscope,

unscrew

the

retaining

ring

with

the

spanner

wrench

supplied

to

free

and

remove

the

doublet

lens

as

pictured

in

Figure

L.

Save

the

Figure

L

ring

and

lens

as

they

are

returned

to

position

when

using

the

condenser

with

an

AO

Series

10

Microscope.

When

mounting

the

phase

condenser

in

the

fork,

be

certain

that

the

slot

in

the

back

of

the

condenser

assembly

fully

“seats”

around

the

pin

in

the

fork

mount

and

that

the

retaining

screw

is

firmly

hand

tightened.

If

using

Series

10

phase

accessories

to

convert

a

Series

20

Microscope

from

brightfield

to

phase

microscopy,

a

condenser

stop

extension

cap

must

be

attached

to

the

stop

screw

in

the

fork

mount.

Mounting

the

condenser

and

attaching

the

extension

cap

are

both

illustrated

in

Reference

Manual

10

Phase-101

under

“Operation

of

Turret

Condenser”.

1.

If

necessary,

withdraw

the

two

annular

diaphragm

centering

wrenches,

Figure

M,

and

rotate

the

phase

turret

condenser

to

the

open

aperture.

(All

annular

diaphragm

settings

are

color-coded

to

the

phase

objectives

by

colored

rectangles

on

the

face

of

the

knurled

ring

of

the

turret

condenser.

The

10X

annulus

setting

is

designated

by

a

green

rec-

tangle;

20X

by

a

blue

rectangle;

yellow,

45X;

and

red,

100X.)

The

open

aperture

setting

has

no

designation;

therefore;

rotate

the

knurled

ring

to

a

point

midway

between

the

red

and

green

rectangles.

2.

Follow

steps

1

thru

7

under

PROCEDURE

FOR

BRIGHTFIELD

MICROSCOPY

keeping

in

mind

that

a

stained

specimen

slide

is

used

to

ac-

complish

initial

steps

in

the

phase

operating

pro-

cedure

because

an

unstained

specimen

generally

lacks

sufficient

contrast.

3.

Raise

the

condenser

to

its

stop

by

means

of

the

rack

and

pinion

knob,

Figure

H.

The

top

lens

of

the

condenser

should

be

approximately

the

thick-

ness

of

a

piece

of

paper

beneath

the

slide.

In

the

event

that

the

top

lens

of

the

condenser

is

too

far

from,

or

too

close

to,

the

underside

of

the

speci-

men

slide,

adjust

the

height

of

the

stop

screw

(with

extension

cap

attached)

in

the

substage

condenser

assembly

as

shown

under

“Operation

of

Turret

Condenser”

in

10

Phase-101.

ni

a

PHASE

TURRET

CONDENSER

ANNULAR

DIAPHRAGM

CENTERING

WRENCH

CONDENSER

APERTURE

DIAPHRAGM

LEVER

‘CONDENSER

CENTERING

SCREWS

RECESSED

LIGHT

WELL

Figure

M

FILTER

TURRETS

FIELD

DIAPHRAGM.

CENTERING

KNOBS.

4.

Using

the

10X

phase

objective,

bring

the

specimen

into

sharp

focus.

Adjust

the

microscope

body

for

interpupillary

setting

and

eye

difference.

If

nec-

essary,

adjust

lamp

centration

by

very

slightly

re-

positioning

the

lamp

holder,

as

shown

in

Figure

F,

for

full,

even

illumination

of

the

field

of

view.

5.

While

viewing

thru

the

microscope,

partially

Close

the

field

diaphragm

of

the

illuminator

(move

lever

approximately

1”

to

the

left

as

shown

in

Figure

M)

so

that

the

iris

leaves

are

imaged

within

the

field

of

view.

Approximately

center

the

diaphragm

to

the

field

using

the

two

centering

knobs

on

the

sides

of

the

microscope

base,

Figures

I

and

M.

Open

field

diaphragm

until

the

leaves

disappear

from

view.

FIELD

DIAPHRAGM

LEVER

Figure

N

"a

6.

To

center

the

condenser,

swing

the

Aperture

View-

ing

Unit,

Figure

N,

into

the

optical

path

of

the

microscope

(see

“Use

of

the

Aperture

Viewing

Unit”

in

Reference

Manual

10

Phase-101)

or

re-

move

eyepiece

and

insert

the

No.

1265

Phase

Telescope.

Close

the

aperture

diaphragm

of

the

condenser

until

the

iris

leaves

are

brought

into

view.

Bring

the

leaves

into

focus

by

moving

the

knob

inside

the

Aperture

Viewing

Unit

lever

as

shown

in

Figure

O.

(Disregard

the

focus

of

the

phase

ring.)

Carefully

center

the

iris

leaves

of

the

aperture

diaphragm,

as

shown

in

Figure

P,

to

the

periphery

of

the

back

aperture

of

the

objective

using

the

condenser

centering

screws,

Figure

M,

then

open

until

the

iris

leaves

“just”

disappear

from

view.

Swing

the

Aperture

Viewing

Unit

out

of

the

op-

tical

path

of

the

microscope

by

moving

the

lever

toward

the

back

(lamp

end)

of

the

instrument.

Figure

O

7.

Before

final

centration

of

the

field

diaphragm,

check

to

see

that

the

specimen

is

still

in

focus.

Move

the

field

diaphragm

lever

to

the

left

so

that

the

iris

leaves

are

imaged

within

the

field

of

view.

Raise

or

lower

the

condenser

by

means

of

the

condenser

rack

and

pinion

knob

until

the

leaves

are

in

sharp

focus.

Using

the

two

field

diaphragm

centering

knobs

on

the

microscope

base,

as

shown

in

Figures

I

and

M,

carefully

center

the

image

of

the

field

dia-

phragm

to

the

periphery

of

the

field

of

view.

This

is

best

accomplished

by

rotating

the

two

knobs

simultaneously.

After

centering,

open

the

field

diaphragm

until

the

iris

leaves

“just”

disappear

from

view.

Figure

P:

Centration

of

the

condenser

is

accomplished

by

centering

the

image

of

the

aperture

diaphragm

iris

leaves

to

the

periphery

of

the

back

aperture

of

the

objective.

8.

After

centering

the

field

diaphragm,

fully

open

the

aperture

diaphragm.

All

phase

microscopy

is

carried

out

with

the

aperture

diaphragm

of

the

condenser

fully

opened

because

each

respective

annular

diaphragm

has

its

own

built-in

optimum

aperture

stop.

°

.

Place

a

phase

specimen

slide

on

the

stage.

10.

If

necessary,

withdraw

the

two

annular

diaphragm

centering

wrenches,

Figure

M,

and

rotate

the

knurled

ring

of

the

phase

turret

condenser

to

the

green

rectangle

to

position

the

10X

annular

dia-

phragm

into

the

light

path.

Set the

upper

filter

dial

to

“A”

for

use

of

the

daylight

Blue

Filter

or

to

“D”

for

use

of

the

Green

Filter.

Leave

the

lower

filter

dial

set

at

“3”

for

the

5%

Transmis-

sion

Neutral

Density

Filter.

11.

Bring

the

phase

specimen

into

as

good

focus

as

possible.

12.

To

center

the

annular

diaphragm

to

the

diffraction

or

phase

plate

(ring)

of

the

objective:

With

the

phase

turret

set

at

“A”,

push

in

the

two

annular

diaphragm

centering

wrenches

as

shown

in

Figure

@.

By

turning

the

wrenches

slightly

as

they

are

inserted,

you

will

feel

them

properly

engage

into

the

centering

screws

of

the

centering

mechanism.

Swing

the

Aperture

Viewing

Unit

into

the

light

path

of

the

microscope

(or

remove

eyepiece

and

insert

Phase

Telescope).

Bring

the

image

of

the

annulus

of

the

condenser

and

the

diffraction

plate

of

the

objective

into

simultaneous

sharp

focus

using

the

focusing

knob

in

the

lever

of

the

Aper-

ture

Viewing

Unit.