ABB HCB Manual

Instruction

Leaflet

I

.

L

.

41

-

971.2

H

ABB

Power

T

&

D

Company

inc

.

Relay

Division

Coral

Springs

,

FL

33065

A

llll

Type

HCB

Pilot

Wire

Relay

System

Effective

April

1987

Supersedes

I

.

L

.

41

-

972.2

G

dated

January

1977

Denotes

change

since

CAUTION

:

service

,

make

sure

that

all

moving

parts

operate

freely

,

inspect

the

contacts

to

see

that

they

are

clean

and

close

properly

,

and

operate

the

relay

to

check

the

settings

and

electrical

connections

.

tions

in

the

front

of

the

relay

.

The

R

1

tap

links

also

connect

to

the

Rj

resistor

(

looped

resistance

wire

)

.

Ro

consists

of

three

tube

resistors

with

taps

wired

to

the

circularly

arranged

Ro

tap

connections

in

the

front

of

the

relay

.

R

^

taps

are

on

the

R

^

resistance

wire

and

are

wired

to

the

circularly

arranged

R

tap

connections

in

the

front

of

the

relay

.

Before

putting

protective

relays

into

APPLICATION

The

type

HCB

relay

is

a

high

speed

pilot

wire

relay

designed

for

the

complete

phase

and

ground

protection

of

two

and

three

terminal

transmission

lines

.

Simultaneous

tripping

of

the

relay

at

each

ter

-

minal

is

obtained

in

about

20

milliseconds

for

all

faults

.

A

complete

installation

for

a

two

terminal

line

consists

of

two

relays

,

two

insulating

trans

-

formers

,

and

an

interconnecting

pilot

wire

circuit

.

For

a

three

terminal

line

,

three

relays

,

three

insul

-

ating

transformers

,

and

a

wye

-

rconnected

pilot

wire

circuit

with

branches

of

equal

series

resistance

are

required

.

SATURATING

TRANSFORMER

The

output

of

the

sequence

filter

connects

to

the

primary

of

a

two

-

winding

saturating

transformer

.

The

primary

winding

is

tapped

and

wired

to

a

tap

block

T

in

the

front

of

the

relay

.

The

secondary

winding

is

con

-

Q

nected

to

the

zener

clipper

and

from

a

fixed

tap

to

the

relay

coil

circuits

.

POLAR

UNIT

This

unit

consists

of

a

rectangular

-

shaped

mag

-

netic

frame

,

an

electromagnet

,

a

permanent

magnet

,

and

an

armature

with

either

one

or

two

contacts

.

The

poles

of

the

cresent

-

shaped

permanent

magnet

bridge

the

magnetic

frame

.

The

magnetic

frame

consists

of

three

pieces

joined

in

the

rear

with

two

brass

rods

and

silver

solder

.

These

non

-

magnetic

joints

represent

air

gaps

which

are

bridged

by

two

adjust

-

able

magnetic

shunts

.

The

operating

and

restraint

windings

are

concentrically

wound

around

a

mag

-

netic

core

.

The

armature

is

fastened

to

this

core

at

one

end

and

floats

in

the

front

air

gap

at

the

other

end

.

The

moving

contact

is

connected

to

the

free

end

of

a

leaf

spring

.

CONSTRUCTION

The

relay

consists

of

a

combination

positive

and

zero

phase

sequence

filter

,

a

saturating

auxiliary

trans

-

former

,

two

full

wave

rectifier

units

,

a

polar

type

relay

O

unit

,

a

zener

clipper

,

and

an

indicating

contactor

switch

(

ICS

)

,

all

mounted

in

a

single

case

.

The

external

equip

-

ment

normally

supplied

with

the

relay

consists

of

an

insulating

transformer

,

a

milliammeter

and

test

switch

.

SEQUENCE

FILTER

The

sequence

filter

consists

of

a

three

-

legged

iron

core

reactor

and

a

set

of

resistors

designated

R

1

and

Ro

.

The

reactor

has

three

windings

;

two

.

primary

and

a

tapped

secondary

winding

,

wound

on

the

center

leg

of

a

"

F

”

type

of

lamination

.

The

secondary

taps

are

wired

to

the

circularly

arranged

R

1

tap

connec

-

RESTRAINT

TAPS

A

set

of

restraint

taps

are

located

on

the

front

of

the

relay

near

the

polar

unit

These

taps

are

the

maximum

and

minimum

restraint

taps

of

the

relay

.

All

possible

contingencies

which

may

arise

during

installation

,

operation

,

or

maintenance

,

and

all

details

and

variations

of

this

equipment

do

not

purport

to

be

covered

by

these

instructions

.

If

further

information

is

desired

by

purchaser

regarding

this

particular

installation

,

operation

or

maintenance

of

this

equipment

,

the

local

Asea

Brown

Boveri

representative

should

be

contacted

.

Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I

.

L

.

41

-

971.2

H

INDICATING

CONTACTOR

SWITCH

UNIT

(

ICS

)

mum

of

current

in

the

pilot

wire

.

This

increase

in

operating

current

overcomes

the

restraining

effect

and

both

the

relays

operate

.

The

d

-

c

indicating

contactor

switch

is

a

small

clapper

-

type

device

.

A

magnetic

armature

,

to

which

leaf

-

spring

mounted

contacts

are

attached

,

is

at

-

tracted

to

the

magnetic

core

upon

energization

of

the

switch

.

When

the

switch

closes

,

the

moving

contacts

bridge

two

stationary

contacts

,

bypassing

the

main

relay

contacts

.

Also

during

this

operation

,

two

fin

-

gers

on

the

armature

deflect

a

spring

located

on

the

front

of

the

switch

,

which

allows

the

operation

indi

-

cator

target

to

drop

.

The

target

is

reset

from

the

out

-

side

of

the

case

by

a

push

rod

located

at

the

bottom

of

the

cover

.

Within

limits

,

as

defined

in

Figure

7

and

under

Characteristics

/

'

all

the

relays

will

operate

for

an

internal

fault

regardless

of

the

fault

current

distribu

-

tion

at

the

various

stations

.

The

nominal

pickup

(

total

internal

fault

current

)

of

the

relaying

system

is

equal

to

the

minimum

trip

of

a

single

relay

multi

-

plied

by

the

number

of

relays

.

For

example

,

if

the

pickup

of

each

relay

,

with

the

pilot

wire

open

,

is

6

amperes

,

a

two

terminal

line

system

has

a

nominal

pickup

of

2

x

6

=

12

amperes

.

<

{

The

front

spring

,

in

addition

to

holding

the

target

,

provides

restraint

for

the

armature

,

and

thus

controls

the

pick

-

up

value

of

the

switch

.

PILOT

WIRE

EFFECTS

In

Figure

4

it

can

be

seen

that

a

short

-

circuited

pilot

wire

will

short

circuit

the

relay

operating

coils

.

Depending

on

the

location

of

the

short

,

at

least

one

of

the

relays

will

fail

to

trip

during

an

internal

fault

.

If

the

pilot

wire

is

open

circuited

,

almost

all

the

re

-

straint

coil

current

will

flow

through

the

operating

coil

and

the

relay

operates

as

an

over

-

current

device

.

OPERATION

The

connection

of

the

HCB

system

of

relays

to

the

protected

transmission

line

is

shown

in

Fig

.

8

.

In

such

a

connection

,

the

relays

operate

for

faults

within

the

line

terminals

but

not

for

faults

external

to

the

protected

transmission

line

.

This

is

accom

-

plished

by

comparing

the

relative

polarities

of

vol

-

tages

at

opposite

ends

of

the

transmission

line

by

means

of

a

metallic

pilot

wire

.

Excessive

pilot

wire

series

impedance

will

ap

-

proach

an

open

-

circuited

condition

and

the

relays

will

operate

during

external

faults

.

Excessive

pilot

wire

shunt

capacitance

will

approach

a

short

-

circuited

con

-

dition

and

the

relays

will

not

operate

.

As

shown

in

Figure

8

,

the

composite

sequence

filter

of

each

HCB

relay

receives

three

phase

current

from

the

current

transformers

of

the

transmission

line

.

The

composite

sequence

filter

of

the

HCB

converts

the

three

-

phase

current

input

into

a

single

-

phase

voltage

output

,

Vp

,

of

a

magnitude

which

is

an

adjustable

func

-

tion

of

the

phase

A

positive

and

zero

sequence

current

.

This

voltage

,

Vp

,

is

impressed

on

the

primary

wiring

of

the

saturating

transformer

.

The

saturating

transformer

output

voltage

,

V

$

,

is

applied

to

the

relay

coils

and

to

the

pilot

wire

through

an

insulating

transformer

.

The

saturat

-

O

ing

transformer

and

a

zener

clipper

across

its

secondary

winding

serve

to

limit

the

energy

input

to

the

pilot

wire

.

During

an

external

fault

,

assuming

matched

relays

,

the

magnitude

ofVg

at

both

stations

will

be

the

same

.

The

relative

polarities

of

the

Vg

voltages

will

be

as

shown

in

Figure

4

.

Since

the

voltages

add

,

most

of

the

current

will

circulate

through

the

restraint

coils

and

the

pilot

wire

,

with

a

minimum

of

operating

coil

current

.

The

relative

effects

of

the

operating

and

re

-

straintcoil

currents

are

such

that

the

relay

is

restrained

.

POLAR

UNIT

THEORY

The

polar

unit

flux

paths

are

shown

in

Figure

5

.

With

balanced

air

gaps

,

the

permanent

magnet

pro

-

duces

flux

flowing

in

two

paths

,

one

through

the

front

gaps

and

one

through

the

rear

gaps

.

This

flux

produces

north

and

south

poles

,

as

shown

.

By

turning

the

left

shunt

in

,

some

of

the

flux

is

forced

through

the

armature

,

making

it

a

north

pole

.

Thus

,

reducing

the

left

-

hand

rear

gap

will

produce

a

force

tending

to

pull

the

armature

to

the

right

.

Similarly

,

reducing

the

right

-

hand

gap

will

produce

a

force

tending

to

pull

the

armature

to

the

left

.

CHARACTERISTICS

The

voltage

,

Vp

,

impressed

by

the

filter

upon

the

saturating

transformer

is

:

Vp

=

R

i

+

^

AO

(

^

1

volts

where

Rj

and

R

0

are

the

positive

and

zero

sequence

tap

values

,

respectively

;

(

1

)

During

an

internal

fault

,

the

relative

Vg

polarities

reverse

.

Since

the

Vg

voltages

now

oppose

each

other

,

most

of

the

current

flowing

in

the

restraint

coils

is

also

forced

through

the

operating

coils

with

a

mini

-

I

^

i

and

IAO

are

the

Positive

and

zero

sequence

phase

A

current

inputs

,

respectively

,

in

amperes

.

These

are

vector

quantities

.

2

Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I

.

L

.

41

-

971.2

H

O

Fig

.

7

-

Type

HCB

Relay

Without

Case

(

Front

View

)

.

3

Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I

.

L

.

41

-

971.2

H

O

F

ig

.

2

.

Type

HCB

Relay

Without

Case

(

Rear

View

)

.

4

Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I

.

L

.

41

-

971.2

H

NOMINAL

PICKUP

(

ALL

RELAYS

)

SINGLE

RELAY

PICKUP

(

PILOT

WIRE

OPEN

)

ls

,

is

defined

as

Single

relay

pickup

,

Is

,

is

defined

as

the

phase

current

required

to

operate

one

relay

with

the

pilot

wire

side

of

the

insulating

transformer

open

circuited

(

H

1

-

H

4

)

.

The

single

relay

pickup

point

in

terms

of

filter

voltage

is

:

The

nominal

pickup

,

I

nom

(

6

)

I

=

KIS

nom

=

total

internal

fault

current

K

=

number

of

relays

(

2

or

3

)

Is

=

single

-

relay

pickup

with

pilot

wire

disconnected

(

see

above

)

where

I

nom

VF

=

0.2

T

(

2

)

where

T

is

the

saturating

transformer

tap

value

.

Single

relay

pickup

is

defined

by

equating

(

1

)

&

(

2

)

:

For

example

,

for

a

phase

-

A

-

to

-

ground

fault

,

I

^

i

11

IAO

with

the

pilot

wire

open

circuited

,

the

single

-

relay

pickup

was

previously

determined

as

IAG

"

0.471

am

-

pere

.

For

a

two

-

terminal

line

,

the

nominal

pickup

for

a

phase

-

A

-

to

-

ground

fault

(

Rj

=

0.1

;

Ro

-

1.6

;

T

=

4

)

0.2

T

—

2

i

Rj

+

IAQ

(

^

1

3

R

0

)

(

3

)

Current

Is

varies

with

the

type

of

fault

.

For

ex

-

ample

,

for

a

3

phase

fault

,

Is

=

IA

1

,

since

only

posi

-

tive

sequence

currentis

present

.

Substituting

Is

=

IAI

in

Eq

.

(

3

)

&

rearranging

,

the

3

phase

fault

pickup

is

:

is

:

(

A

to

G

)

-

0.471

K

=

0.471

x

2

=

0.942

ampere

.

I

nom

-

—

(

3

phase

fault

) (

4

)

IS

=

IAI

=

MINIMUM

TRIP

(

ALL

RELAYS

)

2

Ri

IORI

With

equal

inputs

to

all

relays

and

zero

pilot

-

wire

shunt

capacitance

,

the

relays

will

operate

at

their

nominal

pick

-

up

point

.

The

minimum

trip

points

will

vary

somewhat

from

nominal

value

,

depending

on

the

pilot

-

wire

constants

and

the

magnitude

and

phase

angle

of

the

various

relay

input

currents

.

For

exam

-

ple

,

Figure

6

shows

the

relay

operating

points

for

a

two

-

terminal

line

,

assuming

input

current

to

the

near

relay

only

.

If

Rx

=

0.1

,

R

0

=

1.6

&

T

=

4

:

I

-

T

S

IORi

10

X

0.1

i

—

=

4

amp

.

(

3

phase

fault

)

For

a

phase

A

to

ground

fault

,

if

I

A

I

-

IA

2

"

*

A

0

(

IA

2

is

^

e

phase

A

negative

sequence

current

)

:

0.2

T

=

2

IA

1

Rl

+

IA

1

(

Rl

+

3

R

0

)

An

example

of

the

characteristics

with

various

current

distributions

is

shown

in

Figure

7

.

The

filter

output

voltage

,

VF

,

of

each

relay

,

as

defined

by

equation

(

1

)

must

be

in

phase

or

180

degrees

out

of

phase

,

in

order

for

Figure

7

to

apply

.

0.2

T

-

!

A

0

lAl

~

3

(

Rj

+

R

0

)

But

:

Is

-

IA

1

+

IA

2

+

IA

0

=

31

A

i

INSULATING

TRANSFORMER

0.2

T

(

A

-

G

fault

)

(

5

)

So

:

Is

=

3

IA

1

=

Unless

otherwise

noted

,

all

characteristics

pre

-

sented

include

an

insulating

transformer

with

each

relay

.

Two

ratios

are

available

:

4

/

1

and

6

/

1

.

The

high

voltage

side

is

connected

to

the

pilot

-

wires

.

Rl

+

RQ

Rl

=

0.1

,

R

0

=

1.6

&

T

=

4

:

If

0.2

x

4

0.2

T

h

=

Rl

+

RQ

0.1

+

1.6

0.8

=

0.471

amp

.

(

A

-

G

fault

)

"

1.7

5

Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I

.

L

.

41

-

971.2

H

INTERNAL

SCHEMATIC

14

16

©

@

-

<

5

-

<

r

-

<

)

"

<

?

"

<

?

-

<

?

-

<

6

(

n

l

I

INDICATING

CONTACTOR

SWITCH

ICS

HC

8

R

3

HCB

0

RC

40

ICS

HCB

POLAR

UNIT

HCB

R

2

<

Kio

]

ZENER

AC

CLIPPER

-

SATURATING

TRANSFORMER

TU

8

E

RESISTOR

X

1.6

-

H

R

0

or

3

WINDING

MUTUAL

REACTOR

FORMED

WIRE

RESISTOR

R

CHASSIS

OPERATED

SHORTING

SWITCH

RED

HANDLE

CURRENT

TEST

JACK

TEST

SWITCH

NOTE

:

TERMINALS

3

,

4

,

6

Q

8

TO

BE

JUMPERED

AT

RELAY

CASE

r

“

7

J

-

rJ

o

I

CH

L

.

_

v

-

J

TERMINAL

FRONT

VIE

\

y

A

B

N

C

Sub

5

629

A

312

O

F

9

-

3

-

Internal

Schematic

of

the

Type

HCB

Relay

in

FT

’

42

Case

(

Double

Trip

Circuit

)

.

For

the

Single

Trip

Relay

the

Circuits

Associated

with

Terminal

II

are

omitted

.

6

Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I

.

L

.

41

-

971.2

H

INSULATING

TRANSFORMER

SATURATING

TRANSFORMER

TH

*

)

SATURATING

TRANSFORMER

PILOT

N

R

A

k

FILTER

OP

B

C

c

WIRE

R

-

RESTRAINT

COIL

OP

-

OPERATING

COIL

vs

-

SATURATING

TRANSFORMER

VOLTAGE

OUTPUT

(

REEATIVE

POLARITIES

ARE

FOR

THRU

CURRENT

OR

EXTERNAL

FAULT

)

183

A

061

Fig

.

4

.

Simplified

External

Schematic

of

the

HCB

Belay

System

.

SHUNT

X

-

I

i

t

PERMANENT

MAGNET

t

:

x

:

h

rT

"

l

XX

)

ARMATuRE

ADDITIONAL

FLUX

PATH

Mllfs

S

*

N

Cl

^

N

i

MOVINu

CONTACT

UNBALANCED

AIR

CAPS

BALANCED

AIR

JAPS

183

A

062

Fig

.

5

.

Polar

Unit

Permanent

Magnet

Flux

Paths

.

PILOT

-

WIRE

REQUIREMENTS

TABLE

I

The

relays

should

not

be

applied

with

pilot

-

wire

series

resistance

or

shunt

capacitance

exceeding

the

following

values

:

Insulating

Transformer

Ratio

No

.

of

Relays

6

/

1

4

/

1

RL

Cs

RL

Cs

2000

50

°

/

LEG

]

.

5

2

1000

/

LEG

0.75

1.8

3

RL

=

series

loop

resistance

in

ohms

.

Cs

=

total

shunt

capacitance

in

microfarads

.

7

Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I

.

L

.

41

-

971.2

H

close

to

the

remote

ground

potential

in

the

presence

of

a

rise

in

station

-

ground

potential

.

They

do

not

limit

pilot

-

wire

voltages

to

safe

values

in

the

presence

of

a

longitudinal

induced

voltage

.

When

using

the

neutralizing

reactor

,

the

pilot

-

wire

sheath

should

be

insulated

from

station

ground

to

minimize

sheath

-

to

-

pair

potential

in

the

presence

of

a

rise

in

station

-

ground

potential

.

All

other

pairs

in

the

cable

which

are

connected

to

station

ground

should

also

be

pro

-

tected

with

neutralizing

reactors

to

minimize

pair

-

to

-

pair

voltages

.

b

)

Drainage

reactors

may

be

connected

across

the

pilot

wire

and

to

ground

through

a

KX

642

protector

tube

.

The

drainage

reactor

is

particularly

effective

in

limiting

pair

-

to

-

ground

voltage

in

the

presence

of

an

induced

voltage

.

When

the

tube

flashes

,

both

wires

are

connected

to

ground

through

the

drainage

reactor

windings

which

offer

a

low

impedance

to

ground

but

maintain

a

high

impedance

to

an

a

-

c

voltage

across

the

wires

.

Thus

,

the

HCB

system

will

operate

normally

even

though

the

protector

tube

has

flashed

over

.

The

drainage

reactor

is

not

intended

to

handle

a

rise

in

ground

potential

.

619594

Fig

.

6

.

Typical

Curves

Showing

the

Effect

of

the

Pilot

Wire

on

Minimum

Trip

Current

,

Two

-

Terminal

Line

(

Maximum

Restraint

Tap

)

.

Insulating

Transformer

4

/

1

Ratio

.

Where

the

shunt

capacitance

exceeds

the

above

amount

,

it

may

be

feasible

in

some

cases

to

provide

shunt

reactors

to

compensate

for

the

excessive

ca

-

pacitance

.

The

amount

of

capacitance

which

can

be

compensated

is

limited

and

varies

depending

upon

the

magnitude

of

the

pilot

-

wire

distributed

effect

.

c

)

The

neutralizing

and

drainage

reactors

may

be

utilized

together

.

If

the

neutralizing

reactor

is

to

be

of

any

value

,

the

drainage

reactor

through

the

KX

642

pro

-

tector

tube

must

be

connected

to

remote

ground

.

For

information

with

reference

to

the

insula

-

tion

and

protection

equipment

,

refer

to

I

.

L

.

41

-

971.4

.

A

shielded

,

twisted

pilot

wire

pair

,

preferably

of

#

19

AWG

or

larger

,

is

recommended

;

however

,

open

wires

may

be

used

if

they

are

frequently

transposed

in

areas

of

exposure

to

power

circuit

induction

.

The

voltage

impressed

across

either

insulating

transformer

(

H

-

l

to

H

-

4

)

as

a

result

of

induction

or

a

rise

in

sta

-

tion

ground

potential

,

should

be

less

than

7.5

volts

to

prevent

undesired

relay

operation

.

TRIP

CIRCUIT

The

main

contacts

will

safely

close

30

amperes

at

250

volts

d

.

c

.

,

and

the

seal

-

in

contacts

of

the

in

-

dicating

contactor

switch

will

safely

carry

this

cur

-

rent

long

enough

to

trip

a

circuit

breaker

.

The

indicating

contactor

switch

has

two

taps

that

provide

a

pick

-

up

setting

of

0.2

or

2

amperes

.

To

change

taps

requires

connecting

the

lead

located

in

front

of

the

tap

block

to

the

desired

setting

by

means

of

a

screw

connection

.

For

three

-

terminal

applications

,

the

loop

resist

-

ance

of

all

legs

of

the

pilot

wire

must

be

balanced

within

5

percent

,

with

variable

resistors

as

shown

in

Figure

8

.

The

pilot

wire

resistance

to

be

balanced

is

divided

by

16

and

36

for

the

4

to

1

and

6

to

1

ratio

insulating

transformers

respectively

,

since

the

bal

-

ancing

resistors

are

located

on

the

relay

side

of

the

insulating

transformers

.

SETTINGS

There

are

four

settings

in

the

relay

.

The

correct

tap

setting

should

be

determined

as

outlined

under

Setting

Calculations

”

.

1

)

Restraint

taps

-

maximum

or

minimum

To

change

taps

,

connect

the

lead

in

front

of

the

relay

to

the

correct

tap

.

Induced

voltages

and

rises

in

station

-

ground

po

-

tential

may

be

handled

by

the

following

means

:

1 1

a

)

Neutralizing

reactors

may

be

connected

in

series

with

the

pilot

wire

to

hold

the

pilot

wire

potential

8

Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

N

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<

External

Schematic

of

the

Type

HCB

Relay

in

FT

-

42

Case

•

Two

-

or

Three

-

Terminal

Line

.

O

Fig

.

8

.

10

Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

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